Education Follows the Flag

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christi M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
School Systems ◽  
Mass Education ◽  
The South ◽  
Integrated Education ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Education Groups

Why did integrated education generate so much interest after the Civil War? This chapter contextualizes the anti- caste movement and the postwar rush to launch a mass education system in the South. Integrationists argued that segregation— and maintaining two separate school systems— demanded an irrational and excessive cost. But by filling the void, charitable funds enabled this disparity. Benevolent organizations relieved Southern states of their responsibilities to enforce constitutional commitments to public education. This reliance on private largesse— whether through benevolent organizations or the capitalist philanthropy that followed in subsequent years— had profound consequences for the kind of education groups were able to access.

US South remains distinctive as divisions sharpen

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The South ◽  
Us South ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Contemporary Politics ◽  
The Us ◽  
The 19Th Century

Significance The US South, defined as the eleven states of the 19th-century Confederacy, was a Democratic stronghold for 100 years after the Civil War. Now, with some of the country’s heaviest concentrations of Black Democratic supporters and White evangelical Republican voters, it encompasses the intensified schisms in contemporary politics. Impacts There will be seven Senate races in the South in November, two of which will not have an incumbent. Nine Southern states will have Republican governors in 2022, with Republican-controlled legislatures in ten. Beto O’Rourke, the Democrat who gave Republican Ted Cruz a close Senate race in 2018, is running for governor of Texas.

scholarly journals A Primeira República Portuguesa recria o Ministério da Instrução Pública: um esforço de aproximação aos sistemas escolares europeus

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Carlos Manique da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
School Management ◽  
European Countries ◽  
School Systems ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Administrative Structure ◽  
European School ◽  
First Republic ◽  
Public Instruction

No presente artigo procuro perceber em que medida a existência de um ministério próprio, no fundo, de uma estrutura administrativa fortemente centralizada para a gestão da escola, contribuiu nos anos subsequentes a 1913 (data de reinstituição definitiva do Ministério da Instrução Pública) e até sensivelmente ao final da Primeira República portuguesa (1926), para a aproximação aos sistemas escolares europeus. Num primeiro momento, analiso os projetos-leis discutidos na Câmara de Deputados e no Senado a respeito da mencionada reinstituição. Posteriormente identifico algumas estratégias/medidas adotadas na esfera do Ministério da Instrução Pública, designadamente as que visam renovar o sistema educativo português no sentido de o tornar comparável ao de alguns países europeus. Concluo que, nesse período histórico, marcado por grande instabilidade política, a existência de um órgão central de coordenação do sistema educativo não se traduziu em maior capacidade para desenvolver de forma coerente dinâmicas inovadoras.  The portuguese first republic brings back the ministry of public instruction: an aproaching effort to the european school systems. The aim of this article is to understand how, the existence of a separate ministry, that is, a highly centralized administrative structure for the school management, contributed in the years after 1913 (date of final reinstitution of the Min-istry of Public Instruction), nearly to the end of the First Portuguese Republic (1926), for the approach to European school systems. At first, I analyse the project-laws discussed in the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the above mentioned reinstatement. Later, I analyse some strategies / measures adopted in the sphere of the Ministry of Public Instruction, those that aimed reviving the Portuguese education system in order to make it similar to some European countries. I conclude that, in this historical period marked by great political instability, the existence of a central structure to coordinate the education system has not translated into greater capacity to develop consistently innovative dynamics. Keywords: Ministry of Public Education; Portugal; First Portuguese Republic; Pedagogical trips.

A High and Honorable Calling: Black Lawyers in South Carolina, 1868–1915

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Oldfield
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Legal History ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of The South

In recent years historians have begun to show considerable interest in the legal history of the South. But while much of this interest has touched on Southern lawyers and notions of professionalization, scant attention has been paid to the scores of black lawyers who were admitted to the bar in the post-Civil War period. Who were these men? Where did they acquire their legal training and at what cost? What sort of practices did they run? How successful were they? What follows is an attempt to answer some of these questions, taking as a case study the state of South Carolina, cradle of secession, and, by any measure, one of the most conservative (and recalcitrant) Southern states during the Reconstruction and Redemption periods.

The Mother Tongue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Elizondo Griest
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Education System ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
South Texas ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Drug Trade ◽  
The South ◽  
Public Education System

What does it mean to be Mohawk today—especially given that so many traditions (hunting, fishing, fur trapping, basketry) have been compromised by outside influences (polluting industries, the drug trade, human trafficking, the Internet)? Of Akwesasne’s 12,000 residents, only a thousand still speak their native language fluently. Most of them are elderly. This chapter investigates Mohawk efforts to revitalize their native language, including an immersive K-8 school called the Akwesasne Freedom School. The author also reflects upon the loss of her own mother tongue back in the South Texas public education system, where Tejano children were punished for their Mexican accents.

Problems of Interactions of the White Army Commanders with Separatist Governments of South Russia in A. I. Denikin’s ‘Defamation of the White Movement’

2018 ◽  
pp. 1149-1162
Author(s):  
Konstantin N. Kurkov ◽  
◽  
Alexander V. Melnichuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The South ◽  
National Interests ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Imperial Germany ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
Sensitive Issues ◽  
Regional Interests

The article studies some of the more complicated and sensitive issues of the Civil War in the South of Russia – relations of the Armed Forces of South Russia with the Krai governments of the Don and the Kuban and separatist movements as an important factor in the Whites’ defeat in the South of Russia. Both issues are covered in ‘Defamation of the White Movement,’ one of the last works of General A. I. Denikin. Its manuscript has been introduced into scientific use by the authors. Commanders and military authorities of the Volunteer Army with A. I. Denikin at its head were not tied down by regional interests and could pursue national interests in their policy in order to restore an all-Russian unity destroyed by the revolution. Regional concerns of the Don, Kuban, Little Russian, Caucasian independentists were in direct conflict with the national tasks that the Volunteer Army and the Armed Forces of South Russia strove to solve. Unlike the Don Ataman P. N. Krasnov, who was forced to cooperate with the occupation authorities of Imperial Germany, whose troops had occupied the territory of the Great Don Army for the most of 1918, and unlike other regional administrators in the German-occupied territories, the Whites did not cooperate with the occupiers and at times counteracted their anti-Russian policy. Denikin's propaganda successfully used this fact to fall back on traditional patriotic sentiments and to eat away at the Kremlin regime’s support. Centrifugal tendencies in the South of Russia did not allow the Volunteers to consolidate anti-Bolshevik forces and made an armed resistance to the Bolsheviks impossible. Hence A. I. Denikin’s uncompromising stand on separatist aspirations of independentists. In his view, it was the separatists’ activities in different regions of the former Russian Empire that hindered the successful offensive of the armed forces of South Russia, for instance, on the Moscow direction. Internal dissent was exacerbated by intervention of foreign forces – German occupation forces, the Allied Intervention, and active Bolshevik influence on the outskirts of the former Empire. The article compares Denikin’s text with testimonies of contemporaries and writings of historians. Thus, the authors have been able to show that his slender work reliably and accurately recreates the complex and dramatic situation, which led to the defeat of the anti-Bolshevik forces in the Civil War.

“In Fact, We Do Not Have a Regular Army Yet…” A Letter of the Commander of Kiev Region Armed Forces General A.M. Dragomirov to the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of South Russia General A.I. Denikin. 12 (25) December 1919

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 245-264
Author(s):  
Andrey Ganin
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Stanford University ◽  
The South ◽  
Moral Improvement ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Commander In Chief

The document published is a letter from the commander of the Kiev Region General Abram M. Dragomirov to the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces in the South of Russia General Anton I. Denikin of December, 1919. The source covers the events of the Civil War in Ukraine and the views of the leadership of the White Movement in the South of Russia on a number of issues of policy and strategy in Ukraine. The letter was found in the Hoover Archives of Stanford University in the USA in the collection of Lieutenant General Pavel A. Kusonsky. The document refers to the period when the white armies of the South of Russia after the bright success of the summer-autumn “March on Moscow” in 1919 were stopped by the Red Army and were forced to retreat. On the pages of the letter, Dragomirov describes in detail the depressing picture of the collapse of the white camp in the South of Russia and talks about how to improve the situation. Dragomirov saw the reasons for the failure of the White Movement such as, first of all, the lack of regular troops, the weakness of the officers, the lack of discipline and, as a consequence, the looting and pogroms. In this regard, Dragomirov was particularly concerned about the issue of moral improvement of the army. Part of the letter is devoted to the issues of the civil administration in the territories occupied by the White Army. Dragomirov offers both rational and frankly utopian measures. However, the thoughts of one of the closest Denikin’s companions about the reasons what had happened are interesting for understanding the essence of the Civil War and the worldview of the leadership of the anti-Bolshevik Camp.

“The last chord of the Silver Age”: science and culture in Crimea in 1920

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kalinovsky ◽  
Alexander Puchenkov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The South ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Intelligentsia

This article is devoted to the development of science and culture in the short period of the Wrangel Crimea - 1920. At this time, the brightest figures of Russian culture of that time worked on the territory of the small Peninsula: O. E. Mandelstam, M. A. Voloshin, B.D. Grekov, G.V. Vernadsky, V.I. Vernadsky and others. The article provides an overview of the life and activities of the Russian intelligentsia in 1920 in the Crimea, based on materials of periodicals as the most important source for studying the history of the Civil war in the South of Russia whose value is to be fully evaluated.

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