Widening The Scope on the Indians’ Old Northwest

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Todd Hancock
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Old Northwest ◽  
Full Relief ◽  
Tribal Politics

The northwestern theater of the War of 1812 brought the complex nature of tribal politics and diplomacy into full relief. While the militant, inter-tribal coalition led by Shawnee brothers Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa was one Indian strategy for reckoning with U.S. territorial expansion, the historiographical focus on the Shawnee brothers and their movement has obscured a range of shifting Indian objectives and strategies for negotiating the wartime upheaval. By closely examining inter-tribal rivalries and coalitions, as well as tensions within Indian polities, we see a broader spectrum of Indian agendas in action during the War of 1812. Those agendas included neutrality, spying for or outright alliance with the United States, and situational Indian participation in the conflict when the British made gains early in the war. Well after Tecumseh’s death, we also see the geopolitical influence of western Indian forces, particularly the Potawatomis, Sauks, and the Sioux, on the conflict. For an era so closely associated with Indian prophecy and millenarianism, pragmatism most often reigned.

The Radicalism of the First Seminole War and Its Consequences

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Millett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Haitian Revolution ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Spanish Florida ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Haitian Revolution ◽  
Vantage Points

“Re-thinking the First Seminole War” provides a major reconsideration of the First Seminole War from a number of vantage points. The essay argues that the conflict’s origins and course were shaped greatly by the actions of radical anti-slavery British officers (namely Edward Nicolls of the Royal Marines), freedom-seeking blacks, and their Indian allies. More specifically, the case is made that the key anti-American combatants in the conflict were hundreds of former slaves who had been recruited and radicalized by the British during the War of 1812 before being granted the status of full British subjects. Combining pre-existing notions of freedom and understanding of geopolitics, the former slaves embraced their British status while living at the so-called “Negro Fort” and then across the Florida peninsula after 1816. In turn, the racialized fears that were triggered within white Americans and their Creek allies by the First Seminole War were the final event that convinced the United States that it had to acquire Spanish Florida to protect the expanding slave frontier. In the process of making these arguments, the essay carefully considers: the anti-slavery thought of Edward Nicolls and its reception by the former slaves, questions of identity, race, and inclusion, the shadow of the Haitian Revolution, and the nature of American territorial expansion.

“[T]his most unnecessary, unjust, and disgraceful war”

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 82-103
Author(s):  
Juhani Rudanko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
First Amendment ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
The United States ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
United States Constitution ◽  
The Federalist ◽  
Sedition Act ◽  
The Face ◽  
Federalist Party

This article focuses on face-threatening attacks on the Madison Administration during the War of 1812. The discussion is framed by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, with the language of the Amendment protecting freedom of speech, and also by the Sedition Act of 1798, which, if it had been made permanent, would have seriously curtailed freedom of speech. The War of 1812 was intensely unpopular among members of the Federalist Party, and their newspapers did not shy away from criticising it. This article investigates writings published in the Boston Gazette and the Connecticut Mirror during the war. It is shown that the criticism took different forms, ranging from accusing President Madison of “untruths” to painting a picture of what was claimed to be the unmitigated hopelessness of his position, both nationally and internationally, and that the criticism also included harsh personal attacks on his character and motives. It is suggested that some of the attacks may be characterised as exhibiting aggravated impoliteness. The article also considers President Madison’s attitude in the face of the attacks.

Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: The Persistent Complexities of Race and Politics in the US

2011 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-322
Author(s):  
D. Osei Robertson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
The United States ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
President Obama ◽  
New Era ◽  
American President ◽  
University Professor ◽  
And Gender ◽  
American Society

Although the United States has elected an African American president, since that election there have been numerous indicators that racism remains a persistent, and complex, issue in America. Shortly after President Obama took office, for example, renowned Harvard University professor Henry “Skip” Gates was arrested for being uncooperative with the responding officer when police mistook him for a burglar at his own home. This incident served as a small reminder of the resilient nature of racism in the United States. More importantly, there has been an increase in the number of hate groups since 2008, and the proposed plans for an Islamic cultural center near the site of the former World Trade Center have initiated a wave of anti-Islamic sentiment. Despite the hope that Barack Obama would usher in a new era in race relations, it seems as though his election has brought to the surface tensions that some people assumed had disappeared. Among scholars of black politics, race serves as the central construct. In some cases, race serves as a lens through which other variables such as class and gender are filtered. In other cases, race serves as the key independent variable explaining a number of factors that influence the lives of blacks. Each of the texts reviewed in this essay examines issues of race to varying degrees, and each one reveals the complex nature and long-lasting impact of race on American society.

The rise of the railroad in Virginia: A historical analysis of the emergence of corporate public relations in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nneka Logan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
Corporate Public Relations ◽  
Fully Functioning

This article explores the origins of corporate public relations by examining the untold story of railroad development and expansion in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Understanding the circumstances surrounding Virginia’s pioneer railroads, which emerged at a tumultuous time within a state deeply divided over the related issues of the railroad and slavery, can enrich our comprehension of public relations history in corporate contexts. Fully functioning society theory (FFST) is used as a theoretical framework to guide the historical analysis of the rise of the railroad in Virginia in the 19th and 20th centuries. The article expands FFST’s application to historical inquiry and productively directs attention to the varied and complex nature of the emergence of corporate public relations without venerating or denigrating the field’s origins.

The programming of differentiation and its control by juvenile hormone in saturniids

Development ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-44
Author(s):  
Judith H. Willis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
The United States ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Preliminary Stage ◽  
Developmental Program ◽  
Pupal Cuticle

Although considerable progress has been made with the chemistry of juvenile hormone (Dahm, Roeller & Trost, 1968), studies on its mechanism of action in immature insects are still in a preliminary stage. Much of the recent work has been interpreted as showing an effect of juvenile hormone on the morphogenetic program through which an insect passes in the course of its ontogeny (Williams, 1961). It is the purpose of this paper to describe three studies which illustrate the complex nature of this developmental program in saturniid moths. Materials and Methods The saturniids (Antheraea polyphemus, Samia cynthia and Hyalophora cecropia) used in the present study were reared or purchased from dealers in the United States and England. Staging of animals was carried out by examining the state of the epidermis and the differentiation of adult structures through the pupal cuticle as described by Schneiderman & Williams (1954).

The Royal Navy and Economic Warfare against the United States during the War of 1812

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-156
Author(s):  
John B. Hattendorf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Economic Warfare ◽  
American Economy ◽  
The U.S

This chapter provides an overview of recent scholarship on the Royal Navy’s economic blockade of the United States between 1812 and 1815. The article shows how the combination of British naval forces and privateers slowly strangled the American economy and nearly immobilized the U.S. Navy. Despite the Royal Navy’s very successful application of economic warfare, it was not decisive. Due to financial exhaustion following the Napoleonic wars, Parliament would not support the naval and military funding necessary to impose the harsh peace terms for which economic warfare had laid the foundation.

Wilkinson

2019 ◽  
pp. 136-149
Author(s):  
Gwynne Tuell Potts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
American History ◽  
The United States ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
The West ◽  
Independent Entity ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Revolution

Casual readers of American history may assume the United States enjoyed relative peace between the end of the Revolution and the War of 1812, but in fact, the West remained in turmoil and Kentucky lay at the center of British, French, and Spanish intrigue. Kentuckians struggled with significant decisions leading to statehood: should they remain part of Virginia, join the United States, or become an independent entity aligned with another nation? Navigation rights on the Mississippi River were at the heart of Kentuckians’ concerns, and as long as the federal government refused to negotiate the matter with Spain, most farmers initially were reluctant to commit themselves and their children to land-locked futures. George Rogers Clark, with the encouragement of his former soldiers, agreed to lead a contingent of settlers to form a colony on the Mississippi. Going so far as to ask Spain for permission to do so (as did Sevier, Steuben, and others), Clark unnerved the federal government.

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