A Global Resource

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Raby
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Canal Zone ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The U.S

The 1960s and 1970s saw a wave of highly influential publications on problems of the distribution and ecological controls on species diversity, which drew heavily on data from key tropical field sites. Yet, at this same moment U.S. scientists’ future in the tropics was thrown into question. Revolution swept Cuba and protests erupted in Panama against the U.S. occupation of the Canal Zone. U.S. tropical biologists confronted the loss of access to their most important tropical stations. They responded by realigning themselves, creating professional organizations, and taking new steps toward international collaboration. As chapter 5 explains, they also recast their justifications for the support of basic research. Tropical research was not merely in the U.S. national interest, they began to argue; understanding the biological diversity of the tropics was essential for sustainable global development.

Oye Shelly

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-66
Author(s):  
Miroslava Chávez-García
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Letter Writing ◽  
Imperial Valley ◽  
Green Card ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Working And Living Conditions ◽  
Cultural Tools ◽  
The U.S

To explore the ways in which migrants negotiated longing, gender, intimacy, courtship, marriage, and identity across the U.S.-Mexico borderlands in the 1960s and 1970s, chapter 1 opens by examining and analyzing the broader racial, labor, and environmental contexts shaping José Chávez’s—the author’s father—experience as a Mexican laborer in Imperial Valley in the 1950s and 1960s. Specifically, it pays attention to working and living conditions in el valle and how those contributed to his loneliness, isolation, and ambivalence as a border dweller, despite his status as a green card holder and his ability to engage in return migration. Next, it examines letter writing as a form of courtship as detailed in the love letters he crafted and the cultural tools—stylized letter writing, the English language, portraits, songs, movies, and the radio—he drew upon to convince Maria Concepción “Conchita” Alvarado—the author’s mother—to accept his marriage proposal. Finally, it shows that while Conchita never formally agreed to the nuptials, she walked down the aisle and married José, an act that set her life on a new course. Indeed, within a few days, she left her hometown and relocated with José to the Mexicali-Calexico border, where they set out to create a new future for themselves.

“It was a jet. It was a jet. It was a jet.”

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
Jessica DuLong
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
Staten Island ◽  
Creative Problem ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Maritime Infrastructure ◽  
Maritime Community ◽  
The U.S

This chapter provides a background of the waterborne evacuation that happened after the events of 9/11. New York harbor was, and is, a busy place — the third largest container port in the United States and a vital connection between New York City and the rest of the world. Manhattan is an island, and the realities of island real estate are what ushered the port's industries off Manhattan's shores and over to Brooklyn, Staten Island, and New Jersey in the 1960s and 1970s. By late 2001, maritime infrastructure had been replaced with ornamental fencing. On September 11, 2001, as the cascade of catastrophe unfolded, people found their fates altered by the absence of that infrastructure and discovered themselves dependent upon the creative problem solving of New York harbor's maritime community — waterfront workers who had been thrust beyond their usual occupations and into the role of first responders. Long before the U.S. Coast Guard's call for “all available boats” crackled out over marine radios, scores of ferries, tugs, dinner boats, sailing yachts, and other vessels had begun converging along Manhattan's shores. Hundreds of mariners shared their skills and equipment to conduct a massive, unplanned rescue. Within hours, nearly half a million people had been delivered from Manhattan by boat.

Memories of a U.S. Political Prisoner

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
David Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
World History ◽  
Political Prisoner ◽  
History Of ◽  
Revolutionary Movements ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Che Guevara ◽  
The U.S

"We will fight from one generation to the next." In the 1960s and 1970s we anti-imperialists in the U.S. were inspired not only by that slogan from Vietnam but even more by how they lived it with their 2000-year history of defeating a series of mighty invaders. At the same time we felt that we just might be on the cusp of world revolution in our lifetimes. Vietnam's ability to stand up to and eventually defeat the most lethal military machine in world history was the spearhead. Dozens of revolutionary national liberation struggles were sweeping what was then called the "Third World," today referred to as the "global South." There was a strategy to win, as articulated by Che Guevara: to overextend and defeat the powerful imperial beast by creating "two, three, many Vietnams." A range of radical and even revolutionary movements erupted within the U.S. and also in Europe and Japan.… Tragically, the revolutionary potential that felt so palpable then has not been realized.… Today, fighting from one generation to the next takes on new relevance and intense urgency.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.

The Question of Diversity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Raby
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Evolutionary Synthesis ◽  
Biological Difference ◽  
Systems Approaches ◽  
Theodosius Dobzhansky ◽  
Modern Evolutionary Synthesis ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The U.S

Tracing the fieldwork and ideas of Robert H. MacArthur, Howard T. Odum, and Theodosius Dobzhansky, chapter 4 examines the post­World War II rise of efforts to capture the complexity of tropical nature using a simplified quantitative measure: species diversity. The new approaches were abstract but were shaped by U.S. biologists’ experiences in an increasingly wide array of sites within and beyond the circum­Caribbean—facilitated by the U.S. government’s interest in tropical warfare, demand for tropical products, and the growth in air travel. The rise of mathematical and systems approaches in ecology, along with the population perspective of the modern evolutionary synthesis, recast the old question of the biological difference of the tropics. The need for tropical data to solve biology’s core theoretical problems was now unquestionable.

scholarly journals National ideals or national interest: New Zealand and South Africa, 1981-1994

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lauren Peacock
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
South African ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S

<p>“National ideals or National Interest?” examines the making and implementation by successive New Zealand governments of policy toward apartheid South Africa from 1981 to 1994. Its main focus is the contradictory relationship between living up to New Zealand’s ideals against doing what was practicable in the context of the time. The dilemma the apartheid state faced, in trying to solve its internal problems while not imperilling its external security was often not appreciated by the New Zealand government. These misconceptions helped shape New Zealand policy. Ironically once the South African regime began to investigate the possibilities of some sort of political transformation, their New Zealand counterparts were less willing to empathise with the risks involved with such an undertaking than they had been in the 1960s and 1970s. “National Ideals’ also examines the role of civil society and what was often a parallel unofficial foreign policy based around these person -to - person contacts, including the problems posed for the government by the need to persuade groups such as the NZRFU to follow government policy without overstepping what were strongly entrenched principles of individual freedom. The conflicts within the two main political parties of New Zealand were also important in shaping policy, as was the adversarial relationship between the major parties. “National Ideals” concluded that more often than not interests came first and indeed that at times policy decisions often to the product of accident and intrigue.</p>

scholarly journals National ideals or national interest: New Zealand and South Africa, 1981-1994

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lauren Peacock
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
South African ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S

<p>“National ideals or National Interest?” examines the making and implementation by successive New Zealand governments of policy toward apartheid South Africa from 1981 to 1994. Its main focus is the contradictory relationship between living up to New Zealand’s ideals against doing what was practicable in the context of the time. The dilemma the apartheid state faced, in trying to solve its internal problems while not imperilling its external security was often not appreciated by the New Zealand government. These misconceptions helped shape New Zealand policy. Ironically once the South African regime began to investigate the possibilities of some sort of political transformation, their New Zealand counterparts were less willing to empathise with the risks involved with such an undertaking than they had been in the 1960s and 1970s. “National Ideals’ also examines the role of civil society and what was often a parallel unofficial foreign policy based around these person -to - person contacts, including the problems posed for the government by the need to persuade groups such as the NZRFU to follow government policy without overstepping what were strongly entrenched principles of individual freedom. The conflicts within the two main political parties of New Zealand were also important in shaping policy, as was the adversarial relationship between the major parties. “National Ideals” concluded that more often than not interests came first and indeed that at times policy decisions often to the product of accident and intrigue.</p>

scholarly journals Geological observations in the southern West Greenland basement from Ameralik to Frederikshåb Isblink in 2008

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Nynke Keulen ◽  
Anders Scherstén ◽  
John C. Schumacher ◽  
Tomas Næraa ◽  
Brian F. Windley
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Digital Map ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
The North ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Terrane Accretion

In 2008, the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland began a project in collaboration with the Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum of Greenland with the aim to publish a webbased, seamless digital map of the Precambrian bedrock between 61°30´ and 64°N in southern West Greenland. Such a map will be helpful for the mineral exploration industry and for basic research. Producing an updated digital map requires additional field work revisiting key localities to collect samples for geochemistry, geochronology and metamorphic petrology. The new data will help us to test and refine existing models and improve general understanding of the geological evolution of the area. Here we summarise some results from the 2008 field activities between Ame - ralik in the north and Frederikshåb Is - blink in the south (Fig. 1). The area was mapped in the 1960s and 1970s, and although the 1:100 000-scale maps are of excellent quality, they do not include more recent developments in geochro - nology, thermobarometry and geochemistry. A notable exception is the Fiske - næsset complex (Fig. 1), which has re ceived considerable attention after it was first mapped (Ellitsgaard-Ras - mus sen & Mouritzen 1954; Wind ley et al., 1973; Windley & Smith, 1974; Myers 1985). New tectonic models have been developed since the original 1:100 000 maps were produced, and the tectonic evolution has been com - monly ex plained in terms of terrane accretion (Friend et al. 1996).

Pharmaceutical Industry Financial Support for Medical Education: Benefit, or Undue Influence?

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Brody
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Undue Influence ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sales ◽  
Research Education ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Medical Advances ◽  
The U.S

As early as the 1960s and 1970s, astute commentators began to call into question the degree of influence that the pharmaceutical industry was exercising over all aspects of medical research, education, and practice in the U.S. More recently, a spate of books and articles demonstrates that the issue has only become more serious in the last decade or two.My focus in this paper will be on the industry’s influence on medical education. The influence that the industry exerts on undergraduate and graduate medical education (that is, the training of medical students and residents) often occurs through the system of pharmaceutical sales representatives, who also “detail” drugs to practitioners; or through the influence that the industry exerts over medical research. I will therefore devote my attention here primarily to the system of continuing medical education (CME) by which practitioners receive information about medical advances. The pharmaceutical industry currently supports about one-half of the costs of CME in the U.S., so it seems appropriate to question the degree of industry influence over the content of CME.

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