Kid Thugs Are Spreading Terror through the Streets

2018 ◽  
pp. 86-112
Author(s):  
Max Felker-Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Youth Of Color ◽  
Youth Crime ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Youth Offenders ◽  
Police Abuse

The Watts uprising and anti–police abuse activism ushered in a shift in politics and policing marked by Tom Bradley’s election and his commitment to liberal law-and-order policies. Focusing on the Mayor’s Office of Criminal Justice Planning and efforts to combat youth crime during the 1970s, this chapter shows how a combination of liberal and conservative politicians and criminal justice officials focused on reforming a juvenile justice system they believed to be too lenient on youth offenders. By posing rehabilitation and diversion as alternatives to arrest and imprisonment, they provided the police with new discretionary authority to enter social institutions to supervise youth of color. In doing so, the police created new anti-gang units, such as the Community Resources against Street Hoodlums (CRASH) units and drug bust programs to monitor youth of color.

The Juvenile Justice System

Criminology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrance J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Individualized Treatment ◽  
Youth Offenders ◽  
System P ◽  
Over Time

The American juvenile justice system is an often-misunderstood component of our justice system. Developed in the late 1800s, the juvenile justice system was designed to be distinct from the adult criminal justice system. This was based, in part, on the idea that youth offenders were particularly malleable and would be more responsive than adults to individualized treatment efforts. Since its inception, the mission of the juvenile justice system has emphasized discretion and rehabilitation. Yet throughout history there have been calls for the juvenile justice system to take on a mission and form similar to that of the adult criminal justice system. The readings highlighted here focus on the history and mission of the juvenile justice system, the function of key juvenile justice institutions (such as police, court, and corrections), and how the system has changed over time (alternatives and innovations).

Out of the Picture: Latinx and White Male Youths’ Facial Features Predict Their Juvenile Justice System Processing Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872199934
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Chen ◽  
Adam D. Fine ◽  
Jasmine B. Norman ◽  
Paul J. Frick ◽  
Elizabeth Cauffman
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
White Male ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Legal Decisions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Time ◽  
To Receive

Adults’ facial characteristics predict whether and how severely they are sentenced in the adult criminal justice system. We investigate whether characteristics of White and Latinx male youths’ faces predict the severity of their processing in the juvenile justice system. Among a sample of first-time offenders, despite no differences in the severity of their offenses, youth who were perceived by naïve observers as more dominant, less trustworthy, less healthy, and having darker skin were more likely to receive harsher sanctions. Thus, extralegal factors like appearance may bias legal decisions that place some youth at increased risk for more restrictive sanctioning. Our findings highlight the need for structured approaches to juvenile processing decisions that take youths’ appearance out of the picture.

scholarly journals CRIMINAL POLICY IN CHILDREN'S CONSTRUCTION EFFORTS AS A NARCOTIC CRIMINAL ACTION PERSON

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Frans Simangunsong
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Daily Press ◽  
Special Provision

Cases of narcotics abuse are increasing. This is evidenced by the almost<br />daily press reports from newspapers and electronic media about smuggling, illegal<br />trade, arrests and detention related to the problem of narcotics abuse. The purpose of<br />narcotics abuse is a deviant or accidental use of narcotics. So the act violates the law and<br />is threatened with criminality. Criminal policy in an effort to control children as<br />perpetrators of narcotics crimes. Threats of imprisonment that can be imposed on<br />children no later than 1/2 (one half) from the maximum threat of imprisonment for<br />adults. This means that the criminal threat for children who become narcotics couriers is<br />half of the criminal threats contained in the Narcotics Law. For children who become<br />couriers or narcotics brokers, they must be based on the mechanism stipulated in the<br />Child Protection Act and the Juvenile Justice System Law. Law enforcement for<br />perpetrators who are still under age, there is a special provision called diversion, namely<br />the transfer of settlement of child cases from criminal justice processes to processes<br />outside of criminal justice

scholarly journals Pendidikan Kewirausahaan Bagi Anak Didik Pemasyarakatan Di Lembaga PEMLPKA Khusus Anak Kelas II Jakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irsyad Firdaus ◽  
Mahdi Adriansyah ◽  
Moh Jamaluddin ◽  
Irfan Sudarso Gultom ◽  
Nadya Fairuza
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
The Law

Pelaku tindak pidana tidak hanya dilakukan oleh orang dewasa, melainkan anak-anak juga dapat melakukan tindak pidana. Mengenai pengertian anak-anak yang melakukan tindak pidana atau yang berkonflik dengan hukum diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Dalam UU No 11 Tahun 2012, anak yang divonis bersalah dalam sistem peradilan anak mendapatkan pembinaan di LPKA. Salah satu pembinaan yang penting bagi anak sebagai bekal hidup ketika kelak kembalike masyarakat maka anak didik    penting mendapatkan pendidikan kewirausahaan melalui program pembinaan di LPKA.Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Kewirausahaan, Anak Didik, LPKACriminals are not only committed by adults, but children can also commit criminal acts. Regarding the understanding of children who commit criminal acts or who are in conflict with the law regulated in Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Children's Criminal Justice System. In Law No. 11 of 2012, children convicted in the juvenile justice system get coaching at LPKA. One of the important coaching for children as a provision of life when later returned to the community then important students get entrepreneurial education through a coaching program at LPKA.  Keywords: Entrepreneurial Education, Protege, LPKA

Racial Disparities in the Juvenile Justice System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrika McCoy ◽  
Emalee Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Youth Of Color ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
Decision Points ◽  
Prevention Act ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
And Gender

Racial disparities in the juvenile justice system, more commonly known as disproportionate minority contact (DMC), are the overrepresentation, disparity, and disproportionate numbers of youth of color entering and moving deeper into the juvenile justice system. There has been some legislative attention to the issue since the implementation of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (JJDPA) and most recently with attempts in 2017 to reauthorize the Act. Originally focused solely on confinement, it became clear by 1988 there was disproportionality at all decision points in the juvenile justice system, and the focus changed to contact. DMC most commonly is known to impact Black and Hispanic youth, but a closer look reveals how other youth of color are also impacted. Numerous factors have been previously identified that create DMC, but increasingly factors such as zero-tolerance in schools and proactive policing in communities are continuing to negatively impact reduction efforts. Emerging issues indicate the need to consider society’s demographic changes, the criminalization of spaces often occupied by youth of color, and gender differences when creating and implementing strategies to reduce DMC.

Young Offenders, ‘Secure Colleges’ and Reforming Criminals

2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zia Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control

The UK government has decided on a policy goal that is set out in the Criminal Justice and Courts Bill 2014. This goal is to invest in ‘Secure Colleges’, which are institutions planned to make young criminals ‘better citizens not better criminals’. The question is: What is the role of punishment: deterrence, incapacitation or rehabilitation? This article considers the juvenile justice system in Scotland with reference to the objectives set out in the Kilbrandon Report in 1964 and evaluates the perspective of early criminologists who state that offenders exercise a free choice in embarking on a life of crime. It is also evaluated in the light of those empirical studies that expose the harsh discipline and control in prisons as ‘oppressive’ and not likely to reform the offenders. The UK policy regarding young offenders underwent a change after the James Bulger murder in 1993 and became a deterrence-based approach. This has led to measures on both sides of the border which were retributive, such as the lowering of the age of criminal responsibility and the early intervention of probation services. This article considers the modern themes of juvenile justice and argues that the ‘Secure Colleges’ will be a corrective institution that should inculcate a more informed policy towards reintegration for the young offenders so that they emerge from the criminal justice system as improved citizens after completing their sentence.

scholarly journals Criminal Liability of Children Who Cause A Fire

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hotto Lumban Gaol ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Data Collection Technique

Criminal liability is a necessary condition to impose a crime against a person who commits a crime, including a crime committed by a child which results in a fire. The problems that will be discussed in this study are related to how the criminal liability of children that causes fires and how the juvenile justice system is organized in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the criminal liability of children who cause fires and to determine the implementation of the juvenile justice system in Indonesia. The data collection technique in this research is using the library research method. While the analysis technique carried out on the legal materials that have been collected by the author will be done deductively. The results of this study indicate that if the child who commits the crime that resulted in the fire is 12 years old, then the child can be burdened with criminal liability. Furthermore, the implementation of the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia starts from the investigation stage to the guidance stage after serving a crime.

scholarly journals A Brief Literature Review of Juvenile Statistics, A Comparative Analysis of Current Racial Differences Within the Criminal Justice System

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip D. Clingan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
The United States

Youths under 18 years get trapped into the Juvenile Justice System after being suspected of committing a delinquent or criminal act. The United States tops in Juvenile arrests in the world. States like West Virginia, Alaska, Oregon, South Dakota, and Wyoming have the highest number of juveniles. However, an estimated 2.1 million youths under 18 years were arrested in the United States during a single year. This paper aims to address the current racial differences that exist within the criminal justice system. By addressing challenges like youths of color are more likely to be committed than white youths into the juvenile system will assist in curbing racial disparity. Statistics reveal that 42% of youths in the placement holdings are black youths, even though black youths make up for 16% of youths all over the United States. In California alone, African American juveniles take 27.5% while whites take up 15%. Even though the system’s laws contain no racial bias, research shows that discrimination can occur where the system allows criminal justice officials discretion in handling offenders. Black youths take up for 15% of the total number of youths in the USA get they have the highest juvenile detentions of 42%, but it is difficult to deny these records since there is evidence like arrest and imprisonment records to back up this claim. The racial disparities exist from targeting the blacks, arrest, sentencing, imprisonment, and release. These actions promote discrimination among the black youths, and black youths are likely to get significant sentencing compared to whites for the same crimes committed. Different states in the United States have different racial disparities, California and Texas, blacks serve long sentences, unlike the whites. There are various causes of racial disparities like; some black residences are known for crime, and they have huge offence rates, unequal access to resources, judicial decisions, and racial prejudice. After the research, it was evident that racial disparity exists, and it can only be corrected by looking at the root cause of the problem widely, which is discrimination. Race plays a significant role when it comes to juvenile detentions. Youths of color are four times more probable to be detained, unlike white youths. The research designed a method of tracking racial disparities via a hypothetical juvenile jurisdiction criminal justice system. The paper will extensively dive into juvenile population characteristics, juvenile justice system structure, law enforcement, juvenile crime, juveniles in court, juveniles on probation by the state, juveniles in the correction by the state and foreign nations, and an analysis of all the findings. The extensive research will be able to answer all the questions to the problem of racial disparity.

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