On Women, Rights, and Writing

2019 ◽  
pp. 176-216
Author(s):  
Cheryl A. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Alice Walker ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Political Consciousness ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Art And Politics ◽  
June Jordan ◽  
Women Rights ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter charts the relationship between two prolific African American essayists, June Jordan and Alice Walker. Unlike Ellison and Baldwin, who were contemporaries but not allies, Jordan and Walker corresponded with one another, lectured together, and commented on each other’s works. It is argued that Walker and Jordan’s essays record their lifelong quest for redemptive art and politics. This project is marked by a desire for a freer, more hopeful future that comes to terms with a painful, oppressive past. As both essayists came to political consciousness during the civil rights movement, they utilized the rhetoric of rights to redefine ideas of national belonging. In doing so, they expanded the scope of the essay to includeissues of gender and sexuality. Through analyzing their essays, this chapter illustrates how Jordan and Walker in distinct, yet complementary ways, shape the art of the essay.

Religion, Race, and Sports

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Scholes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
The United States ◽  
Baseball Player ◽  
Sports History ◽  
Jim Crow Era ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
African American Race

Race, religion, and sports may seem like odd bedfellows, but, in fact, all three have been interacting with each other since the emergence of modern sports in the United States over a century ago. It was the sport of boxing that saw a black man become a champion at the height of the Jim Crow era and a baseball player who broke the color barrier two decades before the civil rights movement began. In this chapter, the role that religion has played in these and other instances where race (the African American race in particular) and sports have collided will be examined for its impact on the relationship between race and sports. The association of race, religion, and sports is not accidental. The chapter demonstrates that all three are co-constitutive of and dependent on each other for their meaning at these chosen junctures in American sports history.

scholarly journals Boundary between Religion and Social Conflict —Perspective from the Civil Rights Movement

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Qiong Li ◽  
Jie Yang
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Safety Valve ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
Religious Factors ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Force

<em>Based on the background of American civil rights movement in which religious factors participated, this study analyzes the function of religious factors in civil rights movement from the perspective of political participation and the principle of separation of politics and religion, in order to consider the research paradigm of the relationship between religion and social conflict. It is believed that religious participation is helpful to exert the positive force of social conflict, the right of religious freedom has, to a certain extent, become the “safety valve” of social stability, and the development of religion is the embodiment of social pluralism and symbiosis.</em>

Introduction

Troublemakers ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kathryn Schumaker
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Board Of Education ◽  
Chicano Movement ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The introductionexplains how and why student protest became common in the United States in the late 1960s and places these protests in the context of shifts in the history of education and in broader social movements, including the civil rights movement, the Chicano Movement, and black power activism. The introduction also situates students’ rights within the context of children’s rights more broadly, explaining the legal principles that justified age discrimination and excluded children and students from the basic protections of American constitutional law. The introduction identifies the two decades between the 1960s and 1980s as a constitutional moment that revolutionized the relationship of students to the state. It also connects students’ rights litigation to the issue of school desegregation and the legacy of Brown v. Board of Education.

The Department Store Movement in the Postwar Era

2019 ◽  
pp. 116-147
Author(s):  
Traci Parker
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Department Store ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Department Stores ◽  
Preliminary Testing ◽  
White Community ◽  
Racial Liberalism ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 4 considers the department store movement and the birth of a modern middle-class consciousness in the 1940s and 1950s. Department stores remained key battlegrounds and took on greater significance as black purchasing power had reached an unprecedented level of $8-9 million by 1947 and the relationship between consumption and citizenship had changed. For the most part, the department store movement remained a fight for jobs in the immediate postwar era, taking on consumer issues as it saw fit. This phase of the movement marked a period of preliminary testing that would eventually lead to militant protests in the 1950s and 1960s. Under the leadership of the National Urban League (NUL) and American Friends Service Committee (AFSC), the movement relied on intercultural education and moral exhortations. Emblematic of racial liberalism and the early civil rights movement, the NUL and AFSC believed that if respectable blacks and white community leaders simply asked store officials to hire African Americans in sales and clerical, they would, and after that “their attitude about integrated workplaces and African Americans generally would change,” helping them “topple barriers in other industries and locations.”

Black and Tan Academia

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-69
Author(s):  
Jelani M. Favors
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Race Relations ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Political Consciousness ◽  
Student Newspaper ◽  
Safe Spaces ◽  
Reconstruction Era ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines the peculiar history of Tougaloo College from its founding during the Reconstruction Era to the turn of the century. Tougaloo, is best known for being a haven for black militancy during the modern civil rights movement and one of the few safe spaces for Freedom Riders, marchers, and sit-in activists in the most notoriously violent state in the south – Mississippi. Yet its early years illustrate an institution in constant flux, trying to survive economic hardships, and under the thumb of conservative administrators and teachers who exposed Tougaloo students to the expectations of respectability politics. Nevertheless, black students carved out vital spaces for expression and utilized the pages of their student newspaper to display their expanding social and political consciousness and their desire to resist the oppressive and often violent hardships of America’s lowest point in race relations.

scholarly journals One ‘Body/Nation’: Pathology and Cultural Citizenship in Australia

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Anderson
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Citizenship ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
The Body ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Cultural Appropriateness ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Complicated Matrices ◽  
Hiv Aids

Particular bodies within the Australian nation can be seen to threaten to disrupt and destabilise dominant notions of cultural citizenship. Understood through intricate intersections of ethnicity, gender and sexuality, ‘Australianness’–and its correlation to the geographical nation–is constantly monitored. Crucial here is the manner in which boundaries of whiteness, and ‘true Australianess’, are reconstituted, fuelling avoidance of the ambiguities of national belonging and ensuring the enduring pathologisation of the ‘un’Australian. In particular, discursive associations between HIV/AIDS and the ‘foreign’ as perceived contaminates to the nation operate to reinforce these understandings. Here, the threat of disease both informs, and is fuelled by, connotations to ‘the foreign’, often conflating the two in very literal ways. Discourses of pathology correlate here with visceral connotations of pollution and darkness. As such, HIV/AIDS has become a crucial site whereby cultural fears of the ‘non-normal’ coalesce; a meeting point for all manner of perceived threats to the ‘white heteronormativity’ of a healthy Australia. The relationship between Australian citizens–rendered knowable and safe through normalising hegemonies–and the nation becomes one of identification through these signifying practices of fetishised affiliation. The body is implicated in all aspects of these complicated matrices of identity markings, revealing the fluid and often contradictory manner in which the nation’s cultural borders are articulated, assumed and performed, on, and through, the body. Indeed, as the taxonomies of national identity are reiterated and reaffirmed through discourses of the everyday, the boundaries rendering distinct those deemed truly ‘Australian’, by virtue of cultural appropriateness, become increasingly important in the desire to maintain the ‘essential’ nature of national belonging.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniko Bodroghkozy
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Television News ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Prime Time ◽  
Network Television ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Black Empowerment

This book examines the role played by American network television in reconfiguring a new “common sense” about race relations during the civil rights revolution. Drawing on stories told both by television news coverage and prime time entertainment, it explores the relationship among the civil rights movement, television, audiences, and partisans on either side of the black empowerment struggle. In particular, it considers the recurring theme that America's racial story was one of color-blind equality grounded on a vision of “black and white together.” The book concludes that television had an ambivalent place in the civil rights revolution. More specifically, it argues that network television sought to represent a rapidly shifting consensus on what “blackness” and “whiteness” meant and how they now fit together. Network television premised equality on a largely white definition whereby African Americans were ready for equal time to the extent that their representations conformed to whitened standards of middle-class and professional respectability.

Diasporic Poetics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Yu
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Black Diaspora ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Asian Diaspora ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Myung Mi Kim ◽  
Global Influence

This book advances a new concept of the “Asian diaspora” that creates links between Asian American, Asian Canadian, and Asian Australian identities. Drawing from comparable studies of the black diaspora, it traces the histories of colonialism, immigration, and exclusion shared by these three populations. The work of Asian poets in each of these three countries offers a rich terrain for understanding how Asian identities emerge at the intersection of national and transnational flows, with the poets’ thematic and formal choices reflecting the varied pressures of social and cultural histories, as well as the influence of Asian writers in other national locations. Diasporic Poetics argues that racialized and nationally bounded “Asian” identities often emerge from transnational political solidarities, from Third World struggles against colonialism to the global influence of the American civil rights movement. Indeed, I show that Asian writers disclaim national belonging as often as they claim it, placing Asian diasporic writers at a critical distance from the national spaces within which they write. As the first full-length study to compare Asian American, Asian Canadian, and Asian Australian writers, the book offers the historical and cultural contexts necessary to understand the distinctive development of Asian writing in each country, while also offering close analysis of the work of writers such as Janice Mirikitani, Fred Wah, Ouyang Yu, Myung Mi Kim, and Cathy Park Hong.

scholarly journals Post Slavery and the Plight of Black Americans: An Analysis of Langston Hughes’ “Not without Laughter”

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Issue 3) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Christopher Ncube ◽  
Alice Dhliwayo
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Alice Walker ◽  
Langston Hughes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Talented Tenth ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Receive

This paper discussed the lives of black Americans in the Post Slavery period. It was believed that black Americans who were former slaves were then free from being treated brutally by the slave masters and that the whipping of the so called offenders was a thing of the past. On the contrary, Black Americans were not free to receive education, have access to legal marriages, own properties and enjoy all other benefits that an American should enjoy. Life after slavery was still difficult. The reality was that black Americans were free only in a narrow sense as they were still discriminated by the government institutions. This gave rise to activism and movements such as Civil Rights Movement and Black Power Movement. Great Black scholars, The Talented Tenth, such as Alice Walker, Du Bois, and Langston Hughes emerged. Not without Laughter is one of the books that Langston Hughes wrote. This paper is an analysis of civil injustices that Black Americans had to endure according to Hughes in Not without Laughter. Today, the situation has not changed much as racism is still rampant as depicted by violence still perpetrated against the Blacks. The rise of the Black Lives Matter Movement worldwide against the death of Floyd in the USA gives evidence to such. One encouraging aspect, though, is that the current President, Joe Biden is against racism as he has ordered that those that killed Floyd should face the full wrath of the law.

Tracking Faulkner in the Paths of Black Modernism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hutchinson ◽  
Jay Watson
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
African American Literature ◽  
White Southerners ◽  
Black Characters ◽  
Black Modernism ◽  
The Relationship

This essay tracks the relationship between Faulkner’s career and the development of modern African American literature. It shows how the development of black modernism created a new environment for his work, for his work’s reception, and ultimately for his literary imagination—as well as how black writers responded to his work. Faulkner’s approach to fiction developed out of many of the same intellectual cross-currents that gave rise to interest in African American writing, and the shift in his use of black characters in the 1940s registers his awareness of black-authored fiction and his anger over American racism in the midst of World War II. Finally, the essay addresses his problematic response to the Civil Rights movement in relationship to critiques of white southerners’ “tragic misconceptions of time” by Martin Luther King, Jr. and Toni Morrison.

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