The Center of Each Other’s World

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Alan McPherson
Keyword(s):  
September 11 ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Salvador Allende ◽  
Socialist Government ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter focuses on the relationship between Isabel and Orlando Letelier before the military coup by Pinochet on September 11, 1973. They met as stdents, fell in love and into politics, and lived in Washington for a decade when Orlando was ambassador. They also raised four boys who were bi-national in their culture. Right before the coup, Orlando returned to Chile as a minister for the socialist government of Salvador Allende. The chapter establishes the depth of the couple’s love, which is tested in later chapters.

The Legacies of Patrimonial Patriarchalism

2011 ◽  
Vol 636 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwynn Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Salvador Allende ◽  
Ideological Influence ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Familial Roles

In Chile, how citizens and political leaders have understood, incorporated, and contested the relationship between the familial and the political has been central to the development of their society. The author examines the ideological influence that familial beliefs had on the process of delegitimizing the presidency of Salvador Allende and legitimizing the military coup through an analysis of political rhetoric surrounding the mobilization of women in the March of the Empty Pots and Pans. The author argues that the march was a pivotal moment in which generalized beliefs about the state’s responsibility for familial welfare, including protecting men’s and women’s familial roles, were transformed into a powerful critique against Allende and his government. The author shows how the arguments put forward by Allende’s opponents drew on embedded beliefs about the relationship between families and politics to frame the emerging debate about the political legitimacy of President Allende.

Salvador Allende

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven S. Volk
Keyword(s):  
September 11 ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Nixon Administration ◽  
Socialist Party ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
Salvador Allende ◽  
Long Time

Salvador Allende Gossens (1908–1973), democratically elected President of Chile in 1970, pledged to move Chile to socialism within a constitutional framework. A medical doctor by training, and a long-time member of the Socialist Party, Allende won a seat in the Chamber of Deputies in 1937 and the Senate in 1945. He campaigned for the presidency four times (1952, 1958, 1964, and 1970), always at the head of a coalition of left-wing parties. He was deeply committed to improving the condition of the country’s poor, workers, peasants, and women, insuring Chilean ownership of its natural resources, strengthening state ownership of the economy, and deepening popular democracy and worker control of industry. His program was undermined by the conservative opposition, conflicts within his own governing coalition, spontaneous revolutionary activism, and the unrelenting antagonism of the Nixon Administration. He died in a military coup on September 11, 1973, which initiated a 17-year long military dictatorship.

Communism in Latin America

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
First Century ◽  
Central American ◽  
Guerrilla Warfare ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Sandinista Revolution ◽  
Salvador Allende ◽  
Hugo Chavez ◽  
The Military ◽  
Che Guevara

Latin America’s communist parties were shaped by the Soviet Union’s political priorities up to 1945. This sparked debate with those that emphasized the specificity of Latin American conditions, notably the Peruvian Marxist Mariátegui. The Cuban Revolution of 1959 launched a new continental strategy, based on the guerrilla warfare strategies advocated by Che Guevara. By the late 1960s, these had failed. The election of Salvador Allende to the Chilean presidency in 1970 briefly suggested an electoral strategy to socialism, until it was crushed in the military coup of 1973. Nicaragua’s Sandinista Revolution opened new hopes for a Central American revolution, but this movement was destroyed with the active support of the U.S.. In 1994 the Zapatista rebellion in Mexico signalled a new phase of resistance against neo-liberalism and a rising tide of new social movements carried Left governments to power in what President Hugo Chávez of Venezuela dubbed the era of ‘twenty-first-century socialism’.

An International Perspective on Strikes and Strike Threats by Physicians: The Case of Chile

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Belmar ◽  
Victor W. Sidel
Keyword(s):  
Medical Profession ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
The Political ◽  
Government Program ◽  
Delivery Of Care ◽  
Salvador Allende ◽  
The Government ◽  
Early Effects ◽  
The Military

The program for health services developed by the government of Dr. Salvador Allende Gossens in Chile is outlined, as well as its early effects. A review of this development is necessary to an understanding of the systematic opposition of the organized medical profession to this program in particular, and to the broad socialist goals of the government in general. Three periods of activity by the medical profession are traced, beginning in September 1970 and culminating in September 1973 with the military coup and overthrow of the democratically elected government of Chile and the murder of its president, a physician. While the medical profession was opposed to the government program for community participation in health care and to changes in the models for delivery of care, and feared a changed status for the physician, clearly there were broader political links between the organized medical profession and the political opponents of the government which sought its overthrow.

Left Movements and the Army in Turkey (1961–71): The Case of the Yön-Devrim Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 184-210
Author(s):  
Mustafa Şener
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Special Role ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Socialist Politics ◽  
Radical Left

Abstract Turkey’s long sixties started with a military coup (May 27, 1960) and ended with another military coup (March 12, 1971). During this period, there was an explosion in the number of radical left and socialist movements in Turkey. One of the leading left movements of the period was the Yön-Devrim movement. The most distinctive feature of this movement was the special role it placed on the military in the transition to socialism. In this article, we will focus on the relationship between the military and left/socialist politics during this period. To this end, we will examine the Yön-Devrim movement, specifically their approach to the military. In particular, we will examine why this movement imposed a “progressive” mission on the military, what kind of a transition a possible military coup would provide for socialism, and what role they envisioned for the army, and the bureaucracy in general, in the class struggle.

Hierarchy and power in the Pacific

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Siikala
Keyword(s):  
Recent History ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Postcolonial State ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structural Arrangements

Looking at recent turmoil in political processes in the Pacific, the article discusses the relationship of socio-cosmic holism and hierarchy in Tonga, Samoa and Fiji to western ideologies of democracy and individualism. Incorporation of traditional chieftainship into colonial and postcolonial state structures has had different outcomes in each case. The structural arrangements, which according to Dumont are seen as intermediary forms, are looked at using material from the recent history of the societies. Thus the riots in Nukuʻalofa orchestrated by the Tongan democracy movement, the military coup in Fiji and the multiplication of chiefly titles in Samoa are seen as results of the interplay of local and western ideologies culminating in notions of holism and individualism.

scholarly journals Dictatorship, Higher Education, and Social Mobility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Angélica Bautista ◽  
Felipe González ◽  
Luis R. Martinez ◽  
Pablo Muñoz ◽  
Mounu Prem
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Reform Agenda ◽  
College Age ◽  
Redistributive Policies ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fiscal Conservatism

We study the capture of higher education by the Pinochet dictatorship following the 1973 military coup in Chile. We show that the regime’s twin aims of political control and fiscal conservatism led to a large contraction of all universities in the country, mostly through a steady reduction in the number of openings for incoming students. As a result, individuals that reached college age in the years immediately after the military coup experienced a sharp decline in college enrollment. These individuals had worse labor market outcomes throughout the life cycle and struggled to climb up the socioeconomic ladder. Children with a parent in the affected cohorts are themselves less likely to enroll in university, even after democratization. These findings illustrate the relationship between political regimes, redistributive policies and social mobility. They also shed light on the long-lasting effects of the reform agenda implemented under Pinochet.

Violence, Ideology and Counterrevolution: Landowners and Agrarian Reform in Cautín Province, Chile, 1967–73

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Carter
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Salvador Allende ◽  
Territorial Conflicts ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Military

AbstractThe article analyses social and political conflict in Chile during the agrarian reform period of the 1960s and 1970s through a case study of the province of Cautín, in the indigenous heartlands of the south. Using a combination of written and oral sources, it analyses the responses and strategies of landowners descended from nineteenth-century settlers to the emancipatory projects carried out during the presidencies of Eduardo Frei and Salvador Allende. In the context of an increasingly radicalised agrarian reform programme and a growing number of territorial conflicts with the Mapuche communities, this little-studied political actor developed a collective identity, an ideological discourse and a readiness to use violence which provides important insights into the causes of the military coup carried out in 1973.

scholarly journals The Chilean counter-revolution: Roots, dynamics and legacies of mass mobilisation against the Unidad Popular

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Casals
Keyword(s):  
Previous Experience ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Salvador Allende ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Project ◽  
The Military ◽  
Popular Unity ◽  
The Way

The election of Salvador Allende and the Unidad Popular (Popular Unity) in 1970 unleashed a radical and original revolutionary process, discernible not only in the depth of its redistributive measures and the expectations it generated, but also in the ferocity with which those who identified with the counter-revolutionary ideal responded to that project. The counter-revolution, initially confined to the conservative and reactionary sectors, in a matter of months became an immense mass mobilisation that would end up paving the way for the military coup. This article analyses that counter-revolutionary process, exploring its historic roots, the main actors involved and the innovations in political practices it developed at the time. The ‘counter-revolutionary bloc’ was formed by a diverse array of political and social actors – some of whom did not have previous experience in political mobilisations – who based their actions on the adoption and socialisation of a long-standing anti-Communist script, through which they could make sense of the period’s changing reality. That script – based on decades of taking in events from other parts of the world, elaborations and accusations against all those who identified as Communists – aimed to reduce the originality of the Unidad Popular’s political project to a remake of classic socialist experiences in Chilean territory and processed in a dystopian key. The counter-revolution’s power would be projected into the military dictatorship that began in 1973, when it became a sort of official state ideology, and it would become a foundational experience for Chilean conservative sectors with reverberations even in in the present.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document