scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Investigation of a Fatal Farm Tractor Incident

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Couture
Keyword(s):  
Head Injuries ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Farm Tractor ◽  
Parking Brake ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Engineering Investigation

A farm owner was found unresponsive with crushing head injuries on his property in rural Ontario. His small farm tractor was found 60 meters away down a small incline with the engine running and transmission in neutral. The owner’s son alleged that when the parking brake was engaged (with the engine running and transmission in neutral), this tractor’s parking brake would “pop out,” allowing the tractor to move. Field tests were conducted on the tractor to attempt to duplicate the scenario and to determine if the alleged sequence of events was plausible. Components of the parking brake and one exemplar were assessed with specialized metrology to determine whether they were within the manufacturing specifications on the blueprint. A 3-D CAD model of fit was created, and several variances were identified between the parts and the factory drawing. The results of the analysis concurred with the scenario that these variances led to the disengagement of the parking brake and operator fatality.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Investigation Of Failure Of An Oil Pipeline

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Broz
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Weld Repair ◽  
Butt Weld ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Weld Joints ◽  
General Contractor ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Engineering Investigation ◽  
Surrounding Soil

A Below-Grade, Nps 12 Pipeline Serving A Major Commercial Marine Terminal Failed At A Flanged Joint, Causing A Major Leak And Contamination Of The Surrounding Soil. The Gasket At The Failed Joint Showed Evidence Of Localized, Radial Through-Leakage. At The Terminal, The Initial Excavation Of Contaminated Soil Caused Minor Damage To Several Non-Leaking Segments Of Pipe And The Author Was First Tasked To Oversee The Related Inspection, Weld Repair And Corrosion Protection Work. The Author Subsequently Performed A Forensic Pipe Stress Analysis Of The Affected Portion Of The Fuel Oil System Per The Governing Pressure Piping Code. The Results Indicated That The Leaking Joint Failed With Respect To The Code Criterion Of Equivalent Pressure. Further Investigation Revealed That The System As Originally Designed Was Entirely Of Butt Weld Construction With No Flanged Joints, And Would Have Complied With All Code Requirements. The Investigation Determined That The General Contractor Had Made An Unauthorized Substitution Of Flanged Joints For Butt Weld Joints, Without Informing The Owner Or Design Engineer Of Record.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Investigation Of Dezincification In A Major Corrosion Litigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Content ◽  
Building Code ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Urban Location ◽  
Home Owner ◽  
Plumbing Systems ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Low Strength ◽  
Engineering Investigation

Zinc-Rich Brasses With The Zinc Content Above 30% Can Be Involved In Corrosion Processes With Catastrophic Results. The Dezincification Results In A Low Strength Copper With A Porous Sponge Like Structure. The Case, Where Dezincification Occurred With Massive Impact, Involved 34,000 New Homes In An Urban Location In Nevada. These Homes Were Constructed Using Building Code Approved Plastic Pex Tubing For Plumbing With Brass Fittings. Leaks Developed In The Home Plumbing Systems After Approximately 3-6 Years. This Failure Resulted In Lawsuits Involving Home Owner Associations, Insurance Companies, Contractors, Plumbers, Architects, Manufacturers, And Suppliers.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Investigation of Above-Ground Pool Submersion Accidents

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Ziernicki ◽  
William H. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Consumer Product Safety Commission ◽  
Adult Supervision ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Product Defect ◽  
Engineering Investigation ◽  
Alternative Designs

In the United States, approximately 35 children under the age of five years old drown each year after access-ing above-ground pools via pool ladders. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) data also shows that approximately 486 additional children sustain submersion-related injuries after accessing above-ground pools via pool ladders. In many cases, these events occurred during brief lapses of adult supervision. This paper fo-cuses on potential product defect issues related to child submersion accidents, including the role of user manuals, alternative designs, warnings, instructions, and child behavior testing. The authors examine the issues related to the investigation of above-ground swimming pool submersion accidents. In addition, procedures and steps are outlined that may be useful in analyzing whether the swimming pool is defective and unreasonably dangerous.

scholarly journals A Forensic Engineering Investigation Of a Ladder Failure

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Petrucci
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Shear Load ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Left Front ◽  
Engineering Investigation

A Worker (Plaintiff) Fell From A Step-Ladder And Was Injured. The Purpose Of The Forensic Engineering Investigation Was To Determine The Cause(S) Of The Incident, And In Particular, If The Incident Was Caused By A Ladder Defect. The Incident Ladder And A Representative Incident Scene Were Inspected. Various Discovery Documents And The Applicable American National Standards Institute (Ansi) Standard Were Reviewed. A Critique From The Opposing (Defendant) Expert Is Presented And Addressed. The Cause Of The Plaintiff Fall From The Ladder Was Determined To Be Its Sudden Instability Due To The Failure Of A Rivet That Secured The Top Cap To The Left-Front Rail. The Failed Rivet Was Not Recovered. Further Analysis Indicated That The Cause Of The Rivet Failure Was Its Defective Design Coupled With Its Reduction In Shear Load Capacity From Normal And Improper Use Of The Ladder. The Determination Of The Defective Design Of The Rivet Was Confirmed By Subsequent Design Improvements Of The Ladder. The Relevance Of The Analysis Performed Is Discussed. Various Noteworthy Points Are Presented For Consideration For Forensic Engineers Of Various Technical Disciplines.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering And The Scientific Method

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Liptai
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Method ◽  
Knowledge Engineering ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Investigative Technique ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
Engineering Investigation

The Scientific Method Is Utilized In Order To Understand The Relationship Among Observations Of Physical Phenomena, While Minimizing The Influence Of Human Bias And Maximizing Objectivity. Specific Procedures For The Application Of The Scientific Method Vary From One Field Of Science To Another, But The Investigative Technique Universally Provides For An Analytical Framework To Acquire, Collect And/Or Integrate Knowledge. Engineering Forensics Involves The Analysis Of The Parameters Or Cause(S) Of Incidents Or Failures And/Or Hypothetical Prevention Methods. Engineering Analysis Of Forensic Problems Is A Multifaceted, Multidisciplinary Pursuit That Is Often Wide In Scope. Forensic Engineering Generally Applies Existing Science In Conjunction With The Knowledge, Education, Experience, Training And Skill Of The Practitioner To Seek Solution(S). The Scientific Method, Including Definition Of A Null Hypothesis, Is Rarely Utilized In Forensics As New Science Is Rarely Required. A Forensic Engineering Investigation Typically Involves The Application Of Long Established Science (Newtons Laws, For Example). Forensic Engineering Encompasses The Systematic Search For Knowledge Necessitating The Observation And Definition Of A Problem; The Collection Of Data Through Observation, Research, Experimentation And/Or Calculation; The Analysis Of Data; And The Development And Evaluation Of Findings And Opinions. The Ultimate Objective Of A Forensic Engineering Investigation Is Uncompromised Data Collection And Systematically Considered, Iteratively Derived And Objectively Balanced Conclusions.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Investigation Of a Long Span Wooden Truss Failure during Erection

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Convenience Store ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Number Of Parties ◽  
Engineering Investigation

With About One Third Of The Long Span Wood Trusses In Place For A 60 By 100 Building Being Constructed As A Convenience Store, The Trusses Already Erected Fell Over Like Dominos Injuring Three Laborers.He Three Workers Sued A Number Of Parties Involved In The Project Including The Crane Rental Companynd The Manufacturer And Supplier Of The Trusses, Claiming That They Shared Responsibility For The Accidentnd That They Should Have Taken Action To Prevent The Collapse. The Author Was Retained As An Expert Witnessor The Crane Rental Company. Investigation And Analysis Of Available Facts Established That The Craneental Company Was Not Responsible And Should Have Had No Liability.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Investigation of a Pipe Joint Tester Explosion

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Keefe
Keyword(s):  
Compressed Air ◽  
Sewer Pipe ◽  
Air Blast ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Engineering Investigation ◽  
Pipe Joint ◽  
Design And Construction

A construction laborer was killed while operating a pipe joint tester, which was used to test joints between sections of newly installed sewer pipe. The joint tester contained a donut-shaped rubber bladder, which was inflated with compressed air to seal against the inside of the pipe joint during the test. During a pipe joint test, the pipe joint tester bladder exploded without warning. The joint tester operator was fatally injured when he was struck by pipe joint tester components and the air blast. A forensic engineering investigation was conducted to determine the role of the design and construction of the pipe joint tester in the cause of the incident.

scholarly journals Performance of Existing Maize Shellers in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 207-220
Author(s):  
MM Alam ◽  
MA Momin
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Throughput Capacity ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Large Farm ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
Benefit Cost

This study was conducted to identify the technical and economical performance of the existing models of maize sheller in the country and suggest the best maize sheller models for the farmers during 3 September 2006 to 30 March 2007 in the area of Bogra, Rangpur, Dinajpur, Rajshahi and Jessore. Detail field tests were conducted on seven selected maize sheller models of three categories to assess the comparative performance. Three basic designs of maize sheller models were identified through field survey and secondary information. The models were Spike-pinion (SP) type, Spiral rasp-bar cylinder (SBC) type and Parallel rasp-bar cylinder (PBC) type. The technical performances of the selected maize sheller models were evaluated on the basis of throughput capacity, shelling capacity, cylinder loss, separating loss, broken kernel and shelling efficiency. The shelling capacity and efficiency of Binimoy and Sarker spike-pinion (SP) type models were found about 0.45 ton/hr and 93%, respectively. Similarly, the shelling capacities and efficiencies of Farida, Rahman and Uttaran spiral rasp-bar cylinder (SBC) models were ranged between 2.8 to 4.0 ton/hr and 93 to 97%, respectively. Farida parallel rasp-bar (PBC) type maize sheller had shown incredible shelling efficiency of about 99% with almost negligible cylinder (0.25%) and separating (0.25%) losses along with lowest broken kernel (2.5%) percentage. However, the shelling capacity was found comparatively low about 1.9 ton/hr. The shelling costs, benefit-cost ratios and net margins of spiral rasp-bar cylinder models vary between Tk. 91-97/ton, 1.28-1.37 and Tk78-134/hr, respectively. Among the models Farida (SBC) appeared as the most economic one having lowest shelling cost of Tk. 91/ton with the highest benefit-cost ratio of 1.37 and net margin of Tk. 134/hr (determined at a custom-hire rate of Tk. 7 per 40 kg of shelled kernel). Comparative economic uses of the selected maize shellers suggest that the use of hand sheller is beneficial up to an annual use of 13 ton. Whereas, Binimoy (SP) and Sarker (SP) models are economic for annual use between 13 and 30 ton, and Farida (SBC), Rahman (SBC) and Uttaran (SBC) models are economic for shelling over 30 ton per annum. Economic analysis suggest that hand sheller could be beneficial for very small farm holdings, Binimoy (SP) and Sarker (SP) models for small farm holdings and Farida (SBC), Rahman (SBC) and Uttaran (SBC) models for medium to large farm holdings and custom-hire service.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v20i1-2.16873 Progress. Agric. 20(1 & 2): 207 – 220, 2009

scholarly journals Forensic Investigation of Water Leakage Issues into Buildings, Recreating the Leaks Vs. Determining the Cause

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kami Farahmandpour
Keyword(s):  
Case History ◽  
Forensic Investigation ◽  
Water Leakage ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Complex Investigation ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Complex Lines ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
Engineering Investigation

Forensic investigations of water leakage through building envelopes often involve complex investigation techniques and testing. In many cases, forensic investigators perform testing under controlled conditions to recreate the leaks and to determine whether design and/or construction defects resulted in leaks. However, construction-related litigation involves complex lines of contractual responsibility and multiple parties. As such, allocating responsibility to various parties requires an increased level of scrutiny. This paper provides an overview of typical construc-tion defect cases and how the lines of contractual obligations can impact the scope of investigation by a forensic engineer. As a case history, a forensic engineering investigation of water leakage reported in a recently constructed building will be reviewed. The plaintiffs’ experts performed testing to recreate the leaks, and adequately proved that the designs or construction methods of the exterior walls were defective. However, they were unable to prove causation attributed to one prime contractor who did not settle prior to trial. At trial, the defendant’s expert demonstrated other potential paths of water leakage that were not attributed to the defendant, raising sufficient doubts about the liability of the sole defendant at trial.

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