scholarly journals Rationale for the use of photocatalysis for natural and drinking water purification from pollutants of biological origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
D. O. Tsymbal ◽  
M. E. Mazanik
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Drinking Water Production ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Drinking Water Purification

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of photocatalytic methods of oxidation of organic substances for the preparation of drinking water. To show the expediency of the use of the described method for the design of wastewater treatment facilities.Materials and methods. The oxidation degrees of 58 organic substances of various hazard classes were studied. The sampling frame was based on two characteristics: origin (biological and artificial) and the oxidation state stated in different sources.Results. A high efficiency of photocatalysis for the destruction of organic substances in wastewater from various industries has been shown: the degrees of oxidation range from 70 to 100 %.Conclusion. Photocatalysis can be used to design wastewater treatment facilities with a view to reducing the probability of biological pollution of natural waters intended for drinking water production.

scholarly journals Origin, Fate and Control of Pharmaceuticals in the Urban Water Cycle: A Case Study

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Hofman-Caris ◽  
Thomas ter Laak ◽  
Hans Huiting ◽  
Harry Tolkamp ◽  
Ad de Man ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Water Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Drinking Water Production

The aquatic environment and drinking water production are under increasing pressure from the presence of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products in surface waters. Demographic developments and climate change result in increasing environmental concentrations, deeming abatement measures necessary. Here, we report on an extensive case study around the river Meuse and its tributaries in the south of The Netherlands. For the first time, concentrations in the tributaries were measured and their apportionment to a drinking water intake downstream were calculated and measured. Large variations, depending on the river discharge were observed. At low discharge, total concentrations up to 40 μg/L were detected, with individual pharmaceuticals exceeding thresholds of toxicological concern and ecological water-quality standards. Several abatement options, like reorganization of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and additional treatment of wastewater or drinking water were evaluated. Abatement at all WWTPs would result in a good chemical and ecological status in the rivers as required by the European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive. Considering long implementation periods and high investment costs, we recommend prioritizing additional treatment at the WWTPs with a high contribution to the environment. If drinking water quality is at risk, temporary treatment solutions in drinking water production can be considered. Pilot plant research proved that ultraviolet (UV) oxidation is a suitable solution for drinking water and wastewater treatment, the latter preferably in combination with effluent organic matter removal. In this way >95% of removal of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products can be achieved, both in drinking water and in wastewater. Application of UV/H2O2, preceded by humic acid removal by ion exchange, will cost about €0.23/m3 treated water.

Optimization of particle removal in drinking water treatment of reservoir water in a pressure filter plant

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
K. Bornmann ◽  
B. Wricke ◽  
D. Habel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Surface Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Production ◽  
Treatment Step

Most surface water treatment plants use floc-filtration as the most important treatment step in drinking water production. This paper presents a new technological development which allows floc-filtration to be carried out in pressure filters. Experiments in pilot and full scale show its high efficiency. The technological development allows us to treat algal-rich and high turbid matter containing raw water efficiently at high filtration rates. Floc formation can be realised by means of a special reaction tank in front of the filter inlet. Efficient removal of particles and turbidity is achieved if filtration with filter inlet flow controller is used.

Introduction of membrane technologies at the wastewater treatment facilities of Molodezhnoe settlement

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
В.А. Кузьмин ◽  
О.А. Ломинога ◽  
Е.Г. Колоскова
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Membrane Unit ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Представлен опыт внедрения технологии мембранной очистки сточных вод на канализационных очистных сооружениях поселка Молодежное (Санкт-Петербург). В состав очистных сооружений входят: главная насосная станция, комбинированная установка механической очистки сточных вод, усреднитель, биореактор (аэротенк, работающий по технологии нитри-денитрификации) для глубокого удаления азота, мембранный биореактор, установка ультрафиолетового обеззараживания сточных вод, шнековый пресс обезвоживания избыточного активного ила, станция дозирования реагента сульфата алюминия для химического удаления фосфорных соединений (фосфатов). Очищенные и обеззараженные сточные воды сбрасываются через глубоководный выпуск в Финский залив. Мембранная фильтрация обеспечивает глубокую доочистку от мелкодисперсных взвешенных веществ и коллоидных частиц. Для достижения стабильного качества очищенных сточных вод при эксплуатации мембранных модулей необходимо строго выполнять следующие требования: высокая эффективность удаления отбросов на решетках; предотвращение попадания посторонних включений в биореактор после механической очистки; обеспечение высокой концентрации ила в аэротенке и мембранном блоке; своевременная химическая промывка мембран. В ходе опытной эксплуатации очистных сооружений пос. Молодежное была отмечена неравномерность нагрузки как гидравлической, так и по загрязняющим веществам. За период эксплуатации были отлажены режимы работы станции с учетом неравномерности характеристик поступающего стока с выходом на проектные параметры технологической линии очистки сточных вод. The experience of introducing membrane wastewater treatment technology at the wastewater treatment facilities in Molodezhnoe settlement (St. Petersburg) is presented. The treatment facilities include: a main pumping station, a combined mechanical wastewater treatment plant, a wastewater regulator, a bioreactor (aeration tank operating using nitri-denitrification technology) for enhanced nitrogen removal, a membrane bioreactor, an ultraviolet effluent disinfection unit, a screw press for excess activated sludge dewatering, aluminum sulfate dosing unit for the chemical removal of phosphorus compounds (phosphates). The effluent after disinfection is discharged through a deep-water outlet into the Gulf of Finland. Membrane filtration provides for the enhanced tertiary treatment to remove fine suspended solids and colloidal particles. To achieve a stable quality of the effluent during the operation of membrane modules, the following requirements shall be strictly met: the high efficiency of screenings removal; prevention of the ingress of foreign particles into the bioreactor after mechanical treatment; high concentration of sludge in the aeration tank and membrane unit; timely chemical washing of the membranes. During the trial operation of the treatment facilities in Molodezhnoe, the irregular hydraulic and pollution loading was noted. During the operation period the operating modes of the facilities were adjusted with account of the irregular characteristics of the incoming flow while achieving the design parameters of the process line of wastewater treatment.

Wastewater Treatment for a Sustainable Future: Overview of Phosphorus Recovery

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 2043-2048 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Muryanto ◽  
A.P. Bayuseno
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Biological Uptake ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Crystallisation Process ◽  
Removal And Recovery

Intensified agriculture in response to the growing population has led to excessive nutrient discharges to natural waters causing environmental problems in the form of eutrophication and its associated risks. Treatment options for this adverse effect include removal and recovery of soluble phosphorus by chemical precipitation, biological uptake, and struvite crystallisation. Chemical precipitation is the most common method due to its simplicity, but the chemical requirements can be prohibitive and the removed phosphorus is less reusable. Biological uptake requires less chemicals but the process is complex and prone to seasonal variations. Phosphorus removal and recovery from wastewater by struvite crystallisation is an attractive option since the crystallisation process converts phosphorus into struvite crystals, i.e. phosphate minerals which have proved to be good fertilizer, hence potentially reduces fertilizer production and the subsequent greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, struvite crystallisation helps prevent scaling of wastewater treatment facilities. A number of struvite crystallisation projects utilising primarily agricultural wastewater is already operational at industrial scale.

Removal of Iodinated X-Ray Contrast Media During Drinking Water Treatment

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Seitz ◽  
Jia-Qian Jiang ◽  
Walter H. Weber ◽  
Barry J. Lloyd ◽  
Matthias Maier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Drinking Water Production ◽  
All Treatment ◽  
Granulated Activated Carbon

Environmental Context.In recent years, many micro-organic pollutants, e.g. pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP), have been observed to be persisting through wastewater treatment and occurring in the environment. Persistent micropollutants are of particular concern owing to the fact that some of them have been found in drinking water, and iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) are one group of such pollutants. Abstract.The present study investigates the removal of five iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) during drinking water production from surface water at a full-scale water works, which comprises coagulation/flocculation, intermediate ozonation, in-line filtration and adsorption with activated carbon. The elimination rates over all treatment units for the non-ionic ICM (iomeprol, iopromide, iohexol and iopamidol) were determined to be approximately 70%. In particular, intermediate ozonation can remove 30% on average of the non-ionic ICM, whereas it cannot remove the ionic diatrizoic acid, and the granulated activated carbon filters can achieve a further 50% removal of non-ionic ICM. However, over 100 ng L−1 of ionic diatrizoic acid and 40–100 ng L−1 of non-ionic ICM were found in the produced drinking water.

A review of pressure-driven membrane processes in wastewater treatment and drinking water production

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Van Der Bruggen ◽  
Carlo Vandecasteele ◽  
Tim Van Gestel ◽  
Wim Doyen ◽  
Roger Leysen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Membrane Processes ◽  
Drinking Water Production ◽  
Pressure Driven

scholarly journals Ozone as one of the factors affecting the safety of water supply

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 00003
Author(s):  
Józef Natonek
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Treatment Processes

Ozone, due to its strong oxidizing properties, is often used in high efficiency water treatment processes. It is not only used for water disinfection, but also for carboxylic acid, a product of its reaction, which highly contributes towards increasing biodegradability of organic substances in water, thus leading to higher quality of drinking water. This paper presents results of using mobile ozone devices as a way of local microorganisms elimination and sediments removal from WSS.

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