scholarly journals Focus Group Data and Qualitative Analysis Programs: Coding the Moving Picture as Well as the Snapshots

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Catterall ◽  
P. Maclaran
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Focus Group Data ◽  
Process Elements

Most qualitative data analysis programs include a code and retrieve function. We argue that on-screen coding and the retrieval of coded segments, or snapshots, can result in researchers missing important process elements in focus group data, the moving picture. We review the literature on the analysis of focus group data and conclude that the focus group is not simply a data gathering technique where data collected are analyzed for their specific content such as all text relating to a particular theme. Important and potentially insightful communication and learning processes occur in focus groups as a result of participant interaction. These processes in the data can only be identified by several readings of the whole transcript and tracing an individual's text in the context of other participants’ text; this is difficult to effect on-screen. Thus, we recommend that transcripts are coded on-screen for content and off-screen for process.

To live (code) or to not: A new method for coding in qualitative research

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma D Parameswaran ◽  
Jade L Ozawa-Kirk ◽  
Gwen Latendresse
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Focus Group Data ◽  
The Voice

Coding is an integral part of qualitative research for many scholars that use interview or focus group data. However, current practices in coding require transcription of audio/visual data prior to coding. Transcription before the coding process is an essential process for data analysis and even with meticulous detail, the nuances of nonverbal behavior found in audio and video data can be missed. In this article, we propose an alternative to coding with transcripts using a method called live coding which allows for simultaneous manual coding while listening or watching audio or video recording. We compared the method of live coding with transcript coding of text using focus group data from a perinatal telehealth group addressing depression. Based on the themes that emerged from analyzing the process, it is likely that live coding can be beneficial in preserving the voice of the participant especially used within focus group data. Live coding allowed us to see and hear the participants, an empowering process which allowed intent, context, and meaning of the words to be present in the results. Further study of live coding should include using digital tools for the analysis of qualitative data.

User-centered Requirements for Patient Fluid Intake Monitoring Support

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 736-740
Author(s):  
Ellen J. Bass ◽  
Andrew J. Abbate ◽  
Yaman Noaiseh ◽  
Rose Ann DiMaria-Ghalili
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Fluid Consumption ◽  
Registered Dietitians ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Focus Group Data

There is a need to support patients with monitoring liquid intake. This work addresses development of requirements for real-time and historical displays and reports with respect to fluid consumption as well as alerts based on critical clinical thresholds. We conducted focus groups with registered nurses and registered dietitians in order to identify the information needs and alerting criteria to support fluid consumption measurement. This paper presents results of the focus group data analysis and the related requirements resulting from the analysis.

scholarly journals Focus Group Data Saturation: A New Approach to Data Analysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Hancock ◽  
Linda Amankwaa ◽  
Maria Revell ◽  
Dale Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Research Question ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Focus Group Data ◽  
Data Saturation ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Reported Data

The qualitative research “gold standard” for quality research is data saturation. The limited literature on reporting data saturation and transparency in qualitative research has supported an inconsistent research standard suggesting researchers have not adequately reported data saturation to promote transparency (O’Reilly & Parker, 2012). Confusion regarding how to analyze qualitative data to achieve data saturation, how to write clear qualitative research findings, and present these findings in a usable manner continues (Sandelowski & Leeman, 2012). A phenomenological asynchronous online focus group using WordPress® was employed to answer the research question. Based on the current literature on the topic of focus group data saturation, the study findings were analyzed by group, individual, and day of the study. Additionally, the data was presented in a chart format providing a visible approach to data analysis and saturation. Employing three different methods of data analysis to confirm saturation and transparency provides qualitative researchers with different approaches to data analysis for saturation and enhancement of trustworthiness. Placing data in a visual configuration provides an alternative method of presenting research findings. The data analysis methods presented are not meant to replace existing methods of achieving data saturation but to provide an alternate approach to achieving data saturation and reporting the findings in a clear, usable format.

scholarly journals Focus-group interview and data analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rabiee
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis ◽  
Health Development ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Focus Group Data ◽  
Group Interviews

In recent years focus-group interviews, as a means of qualitative data collection, have gained popularity amongst professionals within the health and social care arena. Despite this popularity, analysing qualitative data, particularly focus-group interviews, poses a challenge to most practitioner researchers. The present paper responds to the needs expressed by public health nutritionists, community dietitians and health development specialists following two training sessions organised collaboratively by the Health Development Agency, the Nutrition Society and the British Dietetic Association in 2003. The focus of the present paper is on the concepts and application of framework analysis, especially the use of Krueger's framework. It provides some practical steps for the analysis of individual data, as well as focus-group data using examples from the author's own research, in such a way as to assist the newcomer to qualitative research to engage with the methodology. Thus, it complements the papers by Draper (2004) and Fade (2004) that discuss in detail the complementary role of qualitative data in researching human behaviours, feelings and attitudes. Draper (2004) has provided theoretical and philosophical bases for qualitative data analysis. Fade (2004) has described interpretative phenomenology analysis as a method of analysing individual interview data. The present paper, using framework analysis concentrating on focus-group interviews, provides another approach to qualitative data analysis.

Using Grounded Theory Coding Mechanisms to Analyze Case Study and Focus Group Data in the Context of Software Process Research

2012 ◽  
pp. 256-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Software Companies ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Coding Strategies ◽  
Focus Group Data ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Analyze Case

The primary aim of this chapter is to outline a potentially powerful framework for the combination of research approaches utilizing the Grounded Theory coding mechanism for Case Study, and Focus Groups data analysis. A secondary aim of this chapter is to provide a roadmap for such a usage by way of an example research project. The context for this project is the need to study and evaluate the actual practice of software development processes in real world commercial settings of software companies, which utilized both case study and focus group techniques. This research found that grounded theory coding strategies are a suitable and powerful data analysis mechanism to explore case study and focus group data.

scholarly journals It’s Not All the Same: Implemented and Perceived HR Practices in the Volunteer Context

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734371X2199463
Author(s):  
Marlene Walk ◽  
Charity Scott ◽  
Laura Littlepage
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Strategic Human Resource Management ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Volunteer Retention ◽  
Youth Organization ◽  
Hr Practices ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Focus Group Data

Being strategic and intentional in the management of volunteers is increasingly important to tackle volunteer retention and improve other volunteer outcomes. Drawing on strategic human resource management (SHRM), this inductive study utilizes qualitative data from interviews to explore how volunteers in a large youth organization perceive HR practices of training and recognition. Volunteer accounts are supplemented with focus group data from front-line staff to capture how HR practices are implemented. Findings indicate a disconnect between implemented and perceived HR practices in some, but not all, areas. Inconsistent and unintentional communication was the main driver for negative volunteer perceptions.

scholarly journals Quantified Nostalgia: Social Media, Metrics, and Memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630512110088
Author(s):  
Benjamin N. Jacobsen ◽  
David Beer
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
The Past ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Focus Group Data ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Memory Practices ◽  
The Relationship

As social media platforms have developed over the past decade, they are no longer simply sites for interactions and networked sociality; they also now facilitate backwards glances to previous times, moments, and events. Users’ past content is turned into definable objects that can be scored, rated, and resurfaced as “memories.” There is, then, a need to understand how metrics have come to shape digital and social media memory practices, and how the relationship between memory, data, and metrics can be further understood. This article seeks to outline some of the relations between social media, metrics, and memory. It examines how metrics shape remembrance of the past within social media. Drawing on qualitative interviews as well as focus group data, the article examines the ways in which metrics are implicated in memory making and memory practices. This article explores the effect of social media “likes” on people’s memory attachments and emotional associations with the past. The article then examines how memory features incentivize users to keep remembering through accumulation. It also examines how numerating engagements leads to a sense of competition in how the digital past is approached and experienced. Finally, the article explores the tensions that arise in quantifying people’s engagements with their memories. This article proposes the notion of quantified nostalgia in order to examine how metrics are variously performative in memory making, and how regimes of ordinary measures can figure in the engagement and reconstruction of the digital past in multiple ways.

scholarly journals Determinants of Long Immunization Clinic Wait Times in a Sub-Saharan African Country

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110282
Author(s):  
Osayame Austine Ekhaguere ◽  
Rosena Olubanke Oluwafemi ◽  
Angela Oyo-Ita ◽  
Burke Mamlin ◽  
Paul Bondich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Wait Time ◽  
Wait Times ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Focus Group Data ◽  
Sub Saharan

The wait time clients spend during immunization clinic visits in low- and middle-income countries is a not well-understood reported barrier to vaccine completion. We used a prospective, observational design to document the total time from client arrival-to-discharge and all sequential provider-client activities in 1 urban, semi-urban, and rural immunization clinic in Nigeria. We also conducted caregiver and provider focus group discussions to identify perceived determinants of long clinic wait times. Our findings show that the time from arrival-to-discharge varied significantly by the clinic and ranged between 57 and 235 minutes, as did arrival-to-all providers-client activities. Focus group data attributed workflow delays to clinic staff waiting for a critical mass of clients to arrive for their immunization appointment before starting the essential health education talk or opening specific vaccine vials. Additionally, respondents indicated that complex documentation processes caused system delays. Research on clinic workflow transformation and simplification of immunization documentation is needed.

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