Covid-19 in Slovakia: Economic, social and psychological factors of subjective well-being and depressive symptoms during a pandemic

Objectives and hypotheses. It was expected that income and its rate of deterioration as an economic factor, insufficient opportunities to talk to others and subjective feelings of isolation as social variables, and worries about income impairment, worries related to Covid-19, low tolerance of uncertainty, rumination, and catastrophizing as psychological variables, will reduce the frequency of positive experiencing, increase the frequency of negative experiencing and the number of depressive symptoms. On the other hand, personal belief in a just world and a positive reappraisal were expected to positively affect the research variables. Sample and settings. The online data collection was carried out at the end of April 2020 at the peak of the number of people affected by the disease in Slovakia. It was a stratified selection of N = 1108 persons, taking into account the proportional representation of persons from the territory of the whole republic. Statistical analysis. Variable relationships were tested using PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares – SEM). This procedure was preferred for three reasons: the exploratory nature of complex models, the predictive orientation of models, and the measurement of multiple variables with one-item questioning. Results. Three predictors out of 16 tested had a positive relationship to the frequency of positive experiencing as an affective component of subjective well-being – subjectively assessed health, personal belief in a just world, and a positive reappraisal; rumination was in a negative relationship. Six predictors were related to the frequency of negative experiencing as an affective component of subjective well-being and to symptoms of depression – in addition to the four mentioned above, it was age and worries about income impairment: with higher age, the frequency of negative experiencing and the number of depressive symptoms decreased, and a positive relation had also variables: subjective assessment of health, personal belief in a just world and a positive reappraisal. Worries about income impairment and rumination had a relationship to the frequency of negative experiencing and depressive symptoms. Study limitations. Cross sectional research did not provide information on changes in the affective component of subjective well-being and depressive symptoms of the Slovak population as a result of the pandemic, as the obtained data could not be compared with the results of the same participants from the period before the pandemic. Although this research can be considered representative in several aspects, the validity of the findings is limited by the fact that no specific groups were included in the sample – e.g. the most vulnerable groups were medical staff and the elderly over 70 years of age. Also, those who were ill or suspected of having Covid-19 were excluded from the analysis. Finally, data collection via the Internet presupposes a certain standard of living of respondents.

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The personal belief in a just world and domain-specific beliefs about justice at school and in the family: A longitudinal study with adolescents

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/0165025406063638 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 200-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Claudia Dalbert ◽

Joachim Stoeber

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

School Climate ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Just World ◽

Family Climate ◽

Domain Specific ◽

Personal Belief ◽

The Family ◽

And Gender

This article investigates the relationship between the personal belief in a just world (BJW) and domain-specific beliefs about justice and examines how justice cognitions impact on adolescents' development, particularly on their achievement at school and their subjective well-being. A longitudinal questionnaire study with German adolescents aged 14–19 years was conducted over a period of five to eight months. The pattern of results revealed that evaluations of the school climate and of the family climate as being just were two distinct phenomena, both of which impacted on the personal BJW, which in turn affected the domain-specific beliefs about justice. However, the domain-specific beliefs about justice did not impact on each other directly. Moreover, an evaluation of the family climate (but not of the school climate) as being just reduced depressive symptoms, whereas depressive symptoms did not weaken the evaluation of one's family as being just. The evaluation of the school climate as being just improved the grades received in the next school report, whereas the grades received did not affect the justice evaluation of the school climate. Finally, all relationships persisted when controlling for age and gender. In sum, the pattern of findings supports the notion that justice cognitions impact on development during adolescence.

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Happy Hosts? International Tourist Arrivals and Residents’ Subjective Well-being in Europe

Journal of Travel Research ◽

10.1177/0047287516662353 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 599-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Artjoms Ivlevs

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Well Being ◽

European Social Survey ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Tourism Impacts ◽

Affective Component ◽

International Tourist

While there has been a growing interest in the relationship between perceived tourism impacts and residents’ quality of life, little is known about how residents’ well-being is affected by actual tourist arrivals. This article studies the effect of international tourist arrivals on the subjective well-being—happiness and life satisfaction—of residents in European countries. Data come from the six waves of the European Social Survey, conducted in 32 countries in 2002-2013. The results of the OLS fixed-effects and instrumental-variable estimations suggest that tourist arrivals reduce residents’ life satisfaction. This negative relationship tends to be more pronounced in countries where tourism intensity is relatively high, as well as among people living in rural areas. In addition, tourist arrivals have a greater negative relationship with the evaluative component of subjective well-being (life satisfaction) than its affective component (happiness).

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Relationship between sexual harassment at workplace and subjective well-being among working women in South Punjab, Pakistan

Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) ◽

10.47264/idea.lassij/5.1.36 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 556-569

Author(s):

Ahmad Bilal ◽

Sehrish Wazir ◽

Shakeela Altaf ◽

Samina Rasool

Keyword(s):

Sexual Harassment ◽

Private Sector ◽

Satisfaction With Life ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Working Women ◽

Well Being ◽

Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽

Subjective Happiness ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Public And Private Sector

Sexual Harassment at workplace (SHW) is a global phenomenon. However, there has been no prior research on the association of SHW and subjective well-being (SWB) of working women in Pakistan. The SWB is an umbrella term that encompasses concepts such as satisfaction with life (SWL) and subjective happiness (SbH). The 200 working women from the public and private sector organizations in Pakistan were recruited randomly. The Sexual Harassment Experience Questionnaire, The Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Subjective Happiness Scale were administered as the main measures. The study met all the ethical considerations. The data was analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and expressed as baseline characteristics, correlation analysis and t tests. There was statistically significant negative relationship of SHW with SWL and SbH in working women. The young age, high school or less education, single marital status, and working in private sector organization were significantly associated with the increased and decreased experience of SHW and SWB respectively. The study recommended the adoption of anti SHW laws by the working sector and the periodic screening of working women for SWB so as to reduce the phenomenon of SHW and enhance the SWL and SbH in working women.

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Exploring Age and Gender Differences in Narcissism and Perfectionism and Their Mental-Health Correlates

Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Psychologia-Paedagogia ◽

10.24193/subbpsyped.2021.1.01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 5-36

Author(s):

Éva Kállay ◽

Alexandra Rebeca Mihoc

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Age And Gender Differences ◽

Environmental Mastery ◽

And Gender

"The changes occurring in modern society can significantly influence individuals’ well-being, mental health and even personality traits such as narcissism and perfectionism. Since studies investigating age and gender differences in narcissism and perfectionism have produced mixed results, and the number of studies conducted in Romanian population is scarce, the main aims of this study were to investigate possible age and gender differences in narcissism, perfectionism and several mental-health indicators in a sample of healthy participants, as well as specific association patterns between these variables within each group of participants. Our sample included 465 millennials and 149 participants over 35 years of age. The results indicate that millennials reported significantly lower levels of narcissism and self-oriented perfectionism than the older generations, higher levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and self-acceptance. Female millennials reported lower levels of narcissistic traits and higher levels of socially-prescribed perfectionism, depressive symptoms, personal growth, and positive relations with others than male participants. Older females indicated significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms and loneliness than male participants. Regarding association patterns, in the group of millennial women narcissism was positively correlated with self-oriented, socially-prescribed perfectionism and subjective well-being, and negatively with loneliness, environmental mastery and purpose in life. In millennial males, we found significant positive correlations only between narcissism and subjective well-being and environmental mastery. Our findings may have important implications for the literature regarding millennials and can contribute to the interventions and prevention programs designed to improve their well-being. Keywords: millennials, narcissism, perfectionism, mental health indicators, age and gender differences "

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Beliefs in a Just World, Subjective Well-Being and Attitudes Towards Refugees Among Refugee Workers

Social Justice Research ◽

10.1007/s11211-014-0220-8 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 432-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Maya L. K. Khera ◽

Annelie J. Harvey ◽

Mitchell J. Callan

Keyword(s):

Well Being ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Just World

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Changes in the labor market status during the COVID-19 pandemic and subjective well-being of Russians

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2021-12-139-153 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 139-153

Author(s):

N. E. Soboleva ◽

B. O. Sokolov

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Initial Period ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Well Being ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Remote Work ◽

Part Time ◽

Market Status ◽

High Level

This paper investigates the association between changes in the labor market status and subjective well-being of Russians during the COVID-19 pandemic. The materials of the first stage of the international project “Values in crisis” form the empirical dataset. Regression analysis shows that individuals who lost their jobs or closed their business during the initial period of the pandemic are somewhat less satisfied with their lives than those who did not. Being reduced to part-time work and working from home are not directly related to subjective well-being. At the same time, the strength of the association between subjective well-being and possible changes of the labor market status depends on such factors as the presence of children, as well as the value of self-enhancement (according to Schwartz) and conscientiousness (one of the Big Five personality traits). The job or business loss is associated with a decrease in subjective well-being among respondents without children; this association is not observed among those with children. In addition, the negative relationship between life satisfaction and job or business loss is stronger among individuals with high level of self-enhancement and weaker among those with high level of conscientiousness. Among respondents who had to switch to part-time or remote work, having children reduces the level of subjective well-being; among those without such experience, it is positively associated with subjective well-being.

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Subjective Well-Being in Early Adolescence: Observations from a Five-Year Longitudinal Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17218249 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (21) ◽

pp. 8249

Author(s):

Mònica González-Carrasco ◽

Marc Sáez ◽

Ferran Casas

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Longitudinal Studies ◽

Early Adolescence ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Additional Information ◽

Stage Of Development

This article aims to redress the lack of longitudinal studies on adolescents’ subjective well-being (SWB) and highlight the relevance of knowledge deriving from such research in designing public policies for improving their health and wellbeing in accordance with the stage of development they are in. To achieve this, the evolution of SWB during early adolescence (in adolescents aged between 10 and 14 in the first data collection) was explored over a five year period, considering boys and girls together and separately. This involved comparing different SWB scales and contrasting results when considering the year of data collection versus the cohort (year of birth) participants belonged to. The methodology comprised a generalized linear mixed model using the INLA (Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation) estimation within a Bayesian framework. Results support the existence of a decreasing-with-age trend, which has been previously intuited in cross-sectional studies and observed in only a few longitudinal studies and contrasts with the increasing-with-age tendency observed in late adolescence. This decrease is also found to be more pronounced for girls, with relevant differences found between instruments. The decreasing-with-age trend observed when the year of data collection is taken into account is also observed when considering the cohort, but the latter provides additional information. The results obtained suggest that there is a need to continue studying the evolution of SWB in early adolescence with samples from other cultures; this, in turn, will make it possible to establish the extent to which the observed decreasing-with-age trend among early adolescents is influenced by cultural factors.

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Subjective Well-Being and Psychosocial Adjustment: Examining the Effects of an Intervention Based on the Sport Education Model on Children

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12114570 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 4570

Author(s):

Pablo Luna ◽

Alba Rodríguez-Donaire ◽

Débora Rodrigo-Ruiz ◽

Javier Cejudo

Keyword(s):

Psychosocial Adjustment ◽

Well Being ◽

Assessment System ◽

Control Group ◽

Sport Education ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Affective Component ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Education Model ◽

Experimental Group

The current study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention based on the Sport Education model, compared to an intervention based on the traditional model of Direct Instruction in children. The intervention was carried out during school hours for 18 sessions of 50-min each. The sample was made up of 146 children aged 10–12 years (M = 10.78 years; SD = 1.07 years). Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 87) and a control group (n = 59). A quasi-experimental design with repeated pretest and posttest evaluations with the control group was implemented. The Positive and Negative Affect Scale for children and adolescents (PANASN) was used to assess the affective component of subjective well-being. The Child and Adolescent Behavior Assessment System (BASC) was used to assess psychosocial adjustment. The results showed significant improvements in the affective component of subjective well-being and a reduction in anxiety in favor of the experimental group. Our current results show the methodological and practical efficacy of a Sport Education intervention.

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