scholarly journals Longitudinal case study of child-directed speech in Slovak from the perspective of acquisition of personal pronouns

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-268
Author(s):  
Milada Walková ◽  
◽  
Alexandra Brestovičová ◽  

Objectives. Previous research has shown that the acquisition of personal pronouns benefits from input with higher amounts of stable reference. This paper aims to provide more evidence of how input is structured. The language under study is Slovak, a pro-drop language, allowing to extend the study of input to verb marking. Participants and setting. The longitudinal study follows speech directed to three children in two families from the age 1;9 to 3;0. Hypotheses. It was hypothesised that the incidence of the first and second person singular pronouns and verb marking as expressions with shifting reference grows with the child’s age while the incidence of proper names and category names as expressions with stable reference decreases with the child’s age. Statistical analysis. Occurrences of first and second person singular pronouns and verb marking as expressions with shifting reference as well as proper names and category names referring to the speaker and addressee as expressions with stable reference were found and analysed. Simple regression analysis testing was conducted on the data. Results. The results confirm the hypothesis, showing an increase in the first and second person singular pronouns and verb marking over time, at the expense of proper names and category names referring to the speaker and the addressee. Study limitations. The study is limited by the size of the sample.

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-268
Author(s):  
Milada Walková ◽  
◽  
Alexandra Brestovičová ◽  

Objectives. Previous research has shown that the acquisition of personal pronouns benefits from input with higher amounts of stable reference. This paper aims to provide more evidence of how input is structured. The language under study is Slovak, a pro-drop language, allowing to extend the study of input to verb marking. Participants and setting. The longitudinal study follows speech directed to three children in two families from the age 1;9 to 3;0. Hypotheses. It was hypothesised that the incidence of the first and second person singular pronouns and verb marking as expressions with shifting reference grows with the child’s age while the incidence of proper names and category names as expressions with stable reference decreases with the child’s age. Statistical analysis. Occurrences of first and second person singular pronouns and verb marking as expressions with shifting reference as well as proper names and category names referring to the speaker and addressee as expressions with stable reference were found and analysed. Simple regression analysis testing was conducted on the data. Results. The results confirm the hypothesis, showing an increase in the first and second person singular pronouns and verb marking over time, at the expense of proper names and category names referring to the speaker and the addressee. Study limitations. The study is limited by the size of the sample


2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 09015
Author(s):  
Adrián Šperka ◽  
Juraj Čamaj ◽  
Ekaterina Zmeškal ◽  
Jozef Majerčák

Research background: The article deals with the study of the dependencies of selected supplementary charges in rail freight transport. In the environment of a globalized society, it is very important that railway undertakings maintain their competitiveness in an open market. The article is part of a case study that deals with the development of pricing. The research was primarily focused on the structure and development of the price of supplementary charges in the years 2004 – 2020 at Železničná Spoločnosť Cargo Slovakia, j. s. c. Purpose of the article: Based on two selected supplementary charges, and the hypothesis of whether or not the development of their price is dependent will be verified by means of regression analysis. The aim of the research is to point out of the disproportionate increase in the prices of supplementary charge, which form a significant part of the calculation of the price for transportation. And for most customers it is a priority for the price of transport. Methods: The article will use a simple regression analysis according to the relationships depending on the type of dependence used (linear, polynomial, ...) Findings & Value added: The results of the research can help to better set the structure of supplementary charges. The goal of the company should be a satisfied customer and a dominant market share.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Elvira Azis ◽  
Arif Partono Prasetio ◽  
Lugina Suciati Putri ◽  
Annisa Yasya Zhafira

ABSTRACTThe study investigates the effect of leadership style on employee’s work stress in ESS Transportation Management Service Telkom. The data were collected from 92 employees and obtained using a questionnaire consisted of 29 items with 6 point Likert scale. Desciptive analysis used to illustratedthe leadership style and work stress level inside the organization. Simple regression analysis was used to analyze the data and to measure the relation between independent and dependent variables. Employee perceives that the leadership style implemented in the organization was already appropriate and in line with their expectation regarding how their leader should engage the work relation. Meanwihle, the work stress level among employees were low. The regression analysis revealed the negative relation between leadership style and work stress level. When employeesperceived that their leader was act accordance to what their expectaion then the stress level will lessen. The coefficient of determination was 0.321. This mean the leadership style can only explain 32.1% of work stress, then the organization need to identify other factors which also affect the work stress. The comparison with the previous literatures also discussed.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan terhadap tingkat stres kerja karyawan di Divisi ESS Transportation Management Service Telkom. Data penelitian diperoleh daripenyebaran kuesioner terhadap 92 orang responden. Kuesioner yang digunakan memiliki 29 pertanyaan dengan skala Likert 6 poin. Teknik analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk menjelaskan tingkat gaya kepemimpinan dan tingkat stres yang dipersepsikan oleh karyawan. Sedangkan untuk menganalisis pengaruh antara dua ariabel tersebut digunakan analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa karyawan merasa gaya kepemimpinan yang diterapkan sudahsesuai dengan apa yang mereka harapkan. Mereka menilai bahwa pemimpin sudah menerapkan gaya yang tepat dalam setiap kondisi yang terkait pekerjaan. Tingkat stres karyawan di perusahaan ini relatif rendah. Selanjutnya, analisis regresi memperlihatkan hubungan signifikan negatif antara gaya kepemimpinan dan tingkat stres. Karyawan yang merasa sesuai dengan gaya kepemimpinan atasan akan memiliki tingkat stres yang lebih rendah. Koefisien determinasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah 0.321. ini berarti bahwa gaya kepemimpinan hanya dapat menjelaskan tingkat stres sebesar 32.1% of work stress. Hasil ini menjadi masukan bagi perusahaan untuk mempelajari faktor-faktor lain penyebab stres. Pembahasan di dalam penelitian ini akan menyajikan pula hasil riset terdahulu dari berbagai latar belakang budaya


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingqin Su ◽  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Huanhuan Ma

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to explore how technological capability and exogenous pressure interactively influence business model (BM) dynamics over time in new technology-based ventures.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts a longitudinal case study of the BM innovations of a Chinese financial technology venture. The structural approach and temporal bracket are used to analyze and theorize the data.FindingsThe findings indicate that distinct contextual changes impel a firm to refine or abandon existing BMs over time. In different stages, the antecedents interactively influence BM dynamics with three successive patterns, namely pressure dominance, parallel influence and hybrid influence. While both antecedents trigger changes during the initiation and implementation of new BMs, they also serve as the filter and the enabler, respectively, during the ideation and integration of BMs.Research limitations/implicationsThe study inductively develops three propositions regarding the relationship between BM dynamics and its antecedents, which is based on the data collected from one single firm. Future research should test the propositions in other domains and take more cross-level antecedents into consideration.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the nascent research stream of BM dynamics by offering in-depth insights into the interaction of internal and external antecedents and by linking the differentiated roles of antecedents to the BM innovation process. The research offers some practical implications for new technology-based ventures seeking to develop BMs in a fast-changing environment.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Desi - Novianti ◽  
Abdul Mufti ◽  
Dewi Anjani

This study aimed to find out the influence of the promotional mix toward sales levels with the study on farmers to support the sale of agricultural output. The application of E-commerce E-Farmer ' For Android ' is a media promotion and information are expected to meet the needs of farmers to market the results of his farm. This research using the method of survey respondents with the farmers who use the application e-commerce e-farmer ' for Android '. Testing is done using simple regression analysis and test F to do a test of the hypothesis. The results obtained are the promotion of E-Commerce applications using ' E-Farmer for Android "effect simultaneously against the level of sales


2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 831
Author(s):  
Rozmita Dewi Yuniarti Rozali ◽  
Jabbaar Mohammad

This study aims to determine the effect of implementation of risk based internal auditing on fraud prevention on internal audit Inspection Office Bank BRI Bandung Region. The sample used by 18 internal auditors in Inspection Office of Bank BRI Bandung Region saturated sampling method. Based on calculation of simple regression analysis obtained result that every increase of implementation of risk based internal auditing (X) will lead to increase fraud prevention (Y). It shows that there is a positive influence between the implementation of risk based internal auditing on fraud prevention on the internal audit of Inspection Office of Bank BRI Bandung Region.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohmial Rohmial

The objectives of this study are 1). to examine the effect of ethics on employee performance atthe Sematang Borang District Office. 2). to test the effect of employee competence onemployee performance at the Sematang Borang District office, 3). to examine the effect ofethics and employee competence on employee performance at the Sematang Borang Districtoffice. This research was conducted on 31 employees at the Sematang Boran sub-districtoffice in Palembang City using a questionnaire. A questionnaire consisting of Ethicalvariables and employee competence as independent variables and employee performance asthe dependent variable. This study uses simple regression analysis and multiple linearregression to see which variables are more influential and the size of the contribution of eachvariable in influencing performance. It is hoped that this research will contribute toemployees regarding the importance of ethics and competence in serving the community, sothat employee performance is maximized. The results of this study indicate that the variablesof ethics and employee competence have a significant effect on the performance of employees at the Head Office of Sematang Borang, Palembang City.


GANEC SWARA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 940
Author(s):  
SRI AYU FEBRIANTI ◽  
I GUSTI AYU OKA NETRAWATI ◽  
I GUSTI PUTU BAGUS SUASTINA

      The aim of this study is to analyzed the influence of leadership style on managerial performance and the reward system as the moderating variable that may affect the relationship of leadership style on managerial performance. The type of this research is associative. Respondents are managers and staff with the lowest level of supervisor in the entire supermarket in Mataram, as many as 66 respondents. Sampling technique is census. Using simple regression analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) as analysis.      The results showed that leadership style negative significantly influence on managerial performance and the reward system influence negatively significant the relationship of leadership style on managerial performance.


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