scholarly journals NUMERICAL METHOD APPROACH TO ANALYSIS OF DRAINAGE CHANNELS OF PIT-3 WEST BANKO TANJUNG ENIM

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 021-031
Author(s):  
Arif Satria Rusmana ◽  
Achmad Syarifudin ◽  
Henggar Risa Destania
Keyword(s):  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Network System ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Drainage Channel ◽  
Normal Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Safe Condition ◽  
Method Approach

The drainage network system should be designed to accommodate normal flow rates, especially during the rainy season. This means that the capacity of the drainage channel has been calculated to accommodate the water discharge that occurs so that the area in question does not experience puddles or the channel can to be function properly. For this reason, research is needed to analyze the ability of the ex-coal mine drainage channel in PIT-3 West Banko Tanjung Enim. The research was carried out with the help of the HEC-RAS software program to see the changes in the water level in the drainage channel where the water was overflowing from the channel body. The results showed that all the section profiles of the drainage channel (P1) till (P10) were still in the safe condition or the channel was still stable (stable channel).

scholarly journals Space-temporary variability of the winter minimum monthly runoff in the rivers of lake Sevan basin (Armenia)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Discharge ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Lake Sevan ◽  
Average Annual Runoff ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Monthly Runoff

Formulation of the problem. The paper considers spatial-temporary variability of the winter minimum monthly flow rates of the rivers in the basin of Lake Sevan, as well as air temperature and atmospheric precipitation of the basin. The values of hydrological and statistical characteristics of the winter minimum monthly expenditure have been calculated. Purpose of the work is: to analyze and evaluate the patterns of temporal and spatial changes in the winter minimum monthly water discharge in a number of long-term observations for rivers that flow into Lake Sevan. Methods. The study is based on observation data from 12 hydrological posts of the “Service for Hydrometeorology and Active Impact on Atmospheric Phenomena” of the Ministry of Emergencies of the Republic of Armenia. The following methods were used for this purpose: mathematical-statistical, extrapolation, interpolation, analysis, analogy, correlation. Results. Minimum runoff is one of the main characteristics to be considered when designing hydraulic structures. Duration of winter low-water period is approximately 3-4–5 months on the rivers of the studied territory. It is established from late November – December to February – March. Minimum consumption is mainly found in January-February. However, in some years it is possible in November or March. Based on physical and geographical features of the area, the monthly winter minimum flow rates of the rivers of the Lake Sevan basin are characterized by uneven spatial distribution. Winter monthly minimum consumption ranges widely from 0.015 to 1.68 m3/s. Close correlations between the winter minimum monthly and the average runoff of the winter period and between the winter average minimum monthly runoff and the average annual runoff were also obtained. These relations can be used to obtain the winter minimum monthly consumption of unexplored and little studied rivers of the territory under discussion for a calendar year. A close relationship between them indicates that depending on the low minimum monthly runoff, the average runoff during the winter period is just as low, and vice versa. In the study area, there is a regular increase in the minimum runoff with an increase in catchment areas, as well as with an increase in the weighted average height of the catchment. The variation coefficient of winter minimum monthly consumption is 0.15–0.60 on the territory of the Lake Sevan basin and the asymmetry coefficient is from -0.64 to 1.77. As a rule, there is a regular decrease in the minimum runoff with an increase in catchment areas. The correlation directly proportional relationship has been obtained between the coefficients values of variation and asymmetry of the winter average minimum monthly flow. There is a tendency to an increase in winter average decade decimal consumption in most rivers flowing into Lake Sevan (7 out of 12 studied posts, that is, in 58% of cases) and an increase in air temperatures and precipitation at all currently operating meteorological stations in the basin.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF CLEAN WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SYSTEM IN GENTENG SUB-DISTRICT BANYUWANGI USING EPANET 2.0 PROGRAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Ayu Rahmad Jayanti ◽  
Ririn Endah Badriani ◽  
Yeny Dhokhikah
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Capacity ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Network System ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Simulation Results

The clean water distribution in the Genteng Subdistrict, Banyuwangi Regency is included in the service area of the Zone 1 PDAM tile unit. The 60 liters/second reservoir discharge capacity is obtained from Sumber Umbul Sari in the Glenmore District. The distribution of clean water in Zone 1 is still less than 70% of the area served, as the installed discharge capacity is estimated to be insufficient. In order to achieve the distribution goal, a network system must be developed by adding direct debits and planning a new pipeline. The Epanet 2.0 program simplifies the calculation of pipeline networks by integrating elevation data, network maps, pipeline specification, and load. The analysis of the simulation results was conducted using the Public Works Minister's hydraulic parameter standards 2007. Planning of a distribution network and a cost budget in 2029 were done to estimate the water supply needs and budgets required. The hydraulic simulation results based on the analysis of the pressure of all joints are in accordance with the standard, while the analysis of the velocity in pipe is less standard. The need for water discharge in 2029 is 71.6 liters/second. In Kembiritan Village, the construction of distribution pipes with an additional reservoir unit was planned. The planned pipe dimensions in the development area were 25 mm at 796 meters, 50 mm at 4062 meters, and 75 mm at 1518 meters. The cost of planning a clean water distribution system in 2029 is Rp. 1,431,375,000.00. Distribusi air bersih di Kecamatan Genteng Kabupaten Banyuwangi merupakan wilayah pelayanan Zona 1 PDAM unit Genteng. Kapasitas debit reservoir sebesar 60 liter/detik berasal dari sumber umbul sari di Kecamatan Glenmore. Pendistribusian air bersih di wilayah Zona 1 masih kurang dari 70% wilayah yang terlayani, karena diperkirakan kapasitas debit yang terpasang kurang mencukupi. Untuk memenuhi target pemerataan distribusi perlu pengembangan sistem jaringan dengan penambahan debit dan perencanaan jaringan pipa baru. Program Epanet 2.0 memudahkan dalam perhitungan jaringan perpipaan dengan mengintegrasi data elevasi, peta jaringan, spesifikasi pipa dan debit. Analisis hasil simulasi menggunakan standar parameter hidrolis Permen PU 2007. Perencanaan pengembangan jaringan distribusi dan anggaran biaya pada tahun 2029 guna memperkirakan debit kebutuhan air dan anggaran biaya yang dibutuhkan. Hasil simulasi hidrolis berdasarkan analisis tekanan semua junction telah sesuai standar, sedangkan analisis kecepatan masih di bawah standar. Kebutuhan debit air tahun 2029 sebesar 71,6 Liter/detik. Pengembangan pipa distribusi direncanakan di Desa Kembiritan dengan tambahan satu unit reservoir. Dimensi pipa rencana di wilayah pengembangan digunakan diameter 25 mm sepanjang 796 m, diameter 50 mm sepanjang 4062 m dan diameter 75 mm sepanjang 1518 m. Biaya perencanaan sistem distribusi air bersih tahun 2029 sebesar Rp. 1.431.375.000,00.

Downstream implications of ultra-low flush WCs

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Littlewood ◽  
F.A. Memon ◽  
D. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Solids Transport ◽  
Transport Distance ◽  
Drainage Design ◽  
Drainage Pipe ◽  
Flush Toilet

This paper examines some of the issues associated with the impacts of water demand management on the drainage network. In particular, it is argued that with the advent of lower water use WCs, much lower volumes and flow rates will be available to transport gross solids in sewers. The paper reports some of the results of a study to evaluate the performance of one such ultra-low flush WC in terms of limiting solids transport distance. It was found that the ultra-low flush toilet performed as well as a conventional WC, but only when connected to a 50mm diameter drainage pipe. The implication is that for best use of this technology, and other innovative devices, new building drainage design rules will need to be devised.

Stimulation of oxygen uptake by glucagon is oxygen dependent in perfused rat liver

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (2) ◽  
pp. G369-G376
Author(s):  
Z. Kizaki ◽  
R. G. Thurman
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Perfused Liver ◽  
Normal Flow ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Isolated Mitochondria ◽  
Stimulation Of

Livers from well-fed female Sprague-Dawley rats (100-150 g) were perfused at flow rates of 4 or 8 ml.g liver-1.min-1 to deliver O2 to the organ at various rates. During perfusion at normal flow rates (4 ml.g-1.min-1), glucagon (10 nM) increased O2 uptake in perfused liver by approximately 40 mumol.g-1.h-1. In contrast, glucagon increased O2 uptake by nearly 100 mumol.g-1.h-1 when livers were perfused at high flow rates. Increase in O2 uptake was directly proportional to flow rate and was blocked partially by infusion of phorbol myristate acetate (100 nM) before glucagon. Increase in O2 uptake due to elevated flow was not due to enhanced glucagon delivery, since infusion of 120 nM glucagon at normal flow rates only increased O2 uptake by approximately 40 mumol.g-1.h-1. On the other hand, when O2 tension in the perfusate was manipulated at normal flow rates, the stimulation of O2 uptake by glucagon increased proportional to the average O2 tension in the liver. Infusion of 8-bromo-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (BrcAMP; 25 microM) also increased O2 uptake more than twice as much at high compared with normal flow rates. In the presence of angiotensin II (5 nM), a hormone that increases intracellular calcium, glucagon increased O2 uptake by nearly 100 mumol.g-1.h-1 at normal flow rates. Infusion of glucagon or BrcAMP into livers perfused at normal flow rates increased state 3 rates of O2 uptake of subsequently isolated mitochondria significantly by approximately 25%. In contrast, perfusion with glucagon or BrcAMP at high flow rates increased mitochondrial respiration by 50-60%. Glucagon addition acutely to suspensions of mitochondria, however, had no effect on O2 uptake. These data are consistent with reports that glucagon administration in vivo or treatment of intact cells with glucagon increases O2 uptake of subsequently isolated mitochondria, a phenomenon that can account for the observed increase in O2 uptake in livers perfused at high flow rates with glucagon. Furthermore, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that the effect of glucagon on mitochondria is O2 dependent in the perfused liver. This is most likely due to an effect of intracellular calcium on a mechanism mediated via cAMP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals REVIEW OF ROAD DRAINAGE SYSTEM (CASE STUDY: JALAN CIGOMBONG KM 16 - KM 23)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Yahya Azura ◽  
Heny Purwanti ◽  
Wahyu Gendam Prakoso
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Road User ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Drainage Channel ◽  
Flow Plan ◽  
The Road ◽  
Final Project ◽  
Drainage Channels

A good road drainage system is needed to ensure that road user activities are not disrupted due to rain puddles. The cause of inundation that occurs is land use change, there is no drainage channel, the channel is not well connected, the channel is closed due to widening of the road without considering drainage channels. Given this, research needs to be carried out on the condition of the existing drainage system as a material consideration for evaluating its feasibility and planning a drainage system that is able to overcome the inundation that occurs. Writing this final project refers to primary data and secondary data that already exist. The rainfall data came from the Climatology and Geophysics Meteorological Agency, Balai Besar Region II, Bogor Regency, which is the Darmaga huajn rainfall measurement station and the PUPR Binamarga Office of Bogor Regency. Meanwhile, to find out the dimensions of the existing drainage channels obtained by conducting surveys and direct observation to the field. Data analysis which was carried out was hydrological and hydraulics analysis. Hydrological analysis includes the analysis of rainfall frequency, determining the repeat period, calculating the concentration time, analyzing the rainfall intensity, and calculating the flow flow plan. Based on the results of hydrological analyzes, the hydraulics analysis is then performed, such as calculating the plan channel profile and calculating the height of the planned channel guard. From all of these analyzes, the results of the drainage study on the Cigombong KM 16 - KM 23 highway were carried out, that is, the entire capacity of the existing canals was not able to accommodate the planned flow discharge for a return period of 2 years 5 years 50 years. In addition, the results of the analyzes that have been carried out show that the rain that occurs during a certain period of time and a certain return period greatly affects the planned drainage channel profile and is due to the large amount of garbage in the channel which affects the reservoirs in the drainage that often occur frequently

scholarly journals THE ESTIMATION OF PEATLANDS RESERVE ON CARBON IN THE FOREST AND SHRUBS THAT HAS BEEN DRAINED

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Siti Fatimah Batubara ◽  
Fahmuddin Agus
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Drainage Channel ◽  
Soil Subsidence ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Life On Earth

Global warming and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) became a hot issue in the world today. An increased concentration of carbon in the atmosphere becomes one of the serious problems that can affect life on Earth. Peatlands pointed out as one of the sources of GHG emissions. Drainage of peatlands cause decreased water level so that the decomposition process is faster on a layer above the groundwater table, thus affecting the chemical characteristics of peat. In addition to affecting the ground water level, drainage also leads to a decrease in surface height peat soil (subsidence). Given the magnitude of the role of drainage and land use types in affecting carbon stocks and emissions of CO2 on peat soil, this study is to measure carbon stocks and emissions of CO2 on peat soil in forests and shrubs that have been drained. CO2 emissions increase with the closer spacing of the drainage channel that is at a distance of 50 m to 500 m of drainage channels. Meanwhile, at a distance of 5 m and 10 m of the drainage channel can not be concluded because of the condition of ground water that is stagnant at the time of sampling gas, so be very low CO2 emissions. CO2 emissions on the use of forest land are higher than the shrub land.

ANALISA DIMENSI SALURAN DRAINASE UNTUK MENGATASI BANJIR DI JALAN BAY SALIM SEKIP JAYA KECAMATAN KEMUNING PALEMBANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainul Bahri ◽  
Mira Setiawati ◽  
M Rifki Alatif
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Drainage Channel ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Maximum Discharge ◽  
Sediment Deposits ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Rectangular Channels ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Drainage Canals

Floods that occurred in Jalan Bay Salim, Sekip Jaya Village, Kemuning District, Palembang were caused by high rainfall with a long duration, inadequate drainage canals filled with rubbish, sediment deposits that were thick enough and cross section of drainage channels that could no longer hold water in large quantities so that there is an overflow of water from the drainage channel.The dimensions of the drainage channel in Jalan Bay Salim Sekip Jaya, Kemuning District in Palembang, there can be two rectangular channels, as follows: First channel: H = 1 m, b = 2 m, y = 0.61 m, p = 200 m, by being able to accommodate discharge: 1,376 m3 / sec, with maximum discharge: 0,365 m3 / sec, second channel: H = 0.6, b = 0.5m, y = 0.3m, p = 200m, by being able to accommodate discharge: 0,7584 m3 / sec, with maximum discharge: 0,779 m3 / sec. So from the observation only the first channel can accommodate maximum flowrate.Based on the results of the analysis that the second channel is no longer able to accommodate the maximum discharge, therefore in order to accommodate the maximum discharge it is necessary to analyze the dimensions of the channel that can accommodate the maximum discharge by normalizing by changing the dimensions of the channel as follows: second channel: H = 0.6, b = 1 m, y = 0.5 m, p = 200 m, so it can hold the discharge: 2,075m3 / sec, with a maximum discharge of 0,779 m3 / sec.

scholarly journals The effect of reduction of perfusion rate on lactate and oxygen uptake, glucose output and energy supply in the isolated perfused liver of starved rats

1979 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Iles ◽  
P G Baron ◽  
R D Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Normal Flow ◽  
Perfusion Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Perfusate Flow ◽  
Intrinsic Capacity ◽  
Lactate Uptake ◽  
Glucose Output

1. Lactate and O2 uptake and glucose output were studied in isolated livers from starved rats at perfusate flow rates varying from 100 to 7% of “normal” (11.25-0.75 ml/min per 100 g body wt.). 2. With moderate diminution of flow rate, lactate and oxygen uptake fell more slowly than would be expected if uptake purely depended on substrate supply. 3. Use of a mathematical model suggests that the intrinsic capacity of the liver for lactate uptake is unaffected until the flow rate falls below 25% of “normal”. 4. Some lactate uptake was always observed even at 7% of the “normal” flow rate. 5. At flow rates below 33% of the “normal”, lactate was increasingly metabolized by pathways other than gluconeogenesis, which became a progressively less important consumer of available O2. 6. ATP content decreased with diminution of flow rate, but substantially less markedly than did lactate uptake and glucose output. 7. Intracellular pH fell from a mean value of 7.25 at “normal” flow rate to 7.03 at 7% of the “normal” flow rate.

scholarly journals Impacts of changing hydrology on permanent gully growth: experimental results

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3261-3273
Author(s):  
Stephanie S. Day ◽  
Karen B. Gran ◽  
Chris Paola
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Channel Incision ◽  
Altered Hydrology ◽  
Physical Experiments ◽  
Channel Slope ◽  
Channel Bottom

Abstract. Permanent gullies grow through head cut propagation in response to overland flow coupled with incision and widening in the channel bottom leading to hillslope failures. Altered hydrology can impact the rate at which permanent gullies grow by changing head cut propagation, channel incision, and channel widening rates. Using a set of small physical experiments, we tested how changing overland flow rates and flow volumes alter the total volume of erosion and resulting gully morphology. Permanent gullies were modeled as both detachment-limited and transport-limited systems, using two different substrates with varying cohesion. In both cases, the erosion rate varied linearly with water discharge, such that the volume of sediment eroded was a function not of flow rate, but of total water volume. This implies that efforts to reduce peak flow rates alone without addressing flow volumes entering gully systems may not reduce erosion. The documented response in these experiments is not typical when compared to larger preexisting channels where higher flow rates result in greater erosion through nonlinear relationships between water discharge and sediment discharge. Permanent gullies do not respond like preexisting channels because channel slope remains a free parameter and can adjust relatively quickly in response to changing flows.

scholarly journals EMISI METHANA (CH4) DARI SALURAN DRAINASE LAHAN GAMBUT DI KALIMANTAN TENGAH

Agric ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Eni Yulianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Channel Width ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Drainage Channel ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Peatland Development ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Drainage Canals

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Peatland development is increasingly becoming a strategic, both in terms of aspects of agronomy, and environmental aspects. Information magnitude of GHG emissions from drainage canals are important in the management of peat sustainability. Its objective is to determine the amount of GHG emissions from peatland drainage channels that are used for traditional rubber plantation. Gas sampling is done in the secondary drainage channel with a channel width of 5 m and 3 m wide tertiary. Sampling was performed six times with five points by using the lid closed cylinder. Sample was analyzed by gas chromatography flame ionization detector incorporates detector (FID) for the determination of the concentration of CH4. CH4 fluxes in peatland drainage channel width of 5 m is relatively higher than in the drainage channel width of 3 m in Jabiren peatlands of Central Kalimantan. GHG emissions in the channel width of 5 m was 542,20 ± 258,57 kg CO2-e yr-1 and 379,14 ± 260,7 kg CO2-e yr-1 of the channel width of 3 m.</p>

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