scholarly journals Basic Principles in Shareera Kriya Vigyana (Physiology): An Appraisal

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
S Shrestha ◽  
KS Suvedi ◽  
R Adhikary
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Scientific Approach

Ayurveda is the science of life. Life depends upon health and in Ayurveda health is defined as the equilibrium state of all basic humours of the body such as dosha, agni, dhatu and mala kriya with delighted body, mind and soul. These basic humours and principles are mainly presented by Vaisheshika philosophy that include Shadpadarthas, Panchamahabhuta, Dosha, Dhatu, Mala and Agni. Shareera Kriya Vigyana (Physiology) is the science which deals with the normal functioning of body which is also known as the Dosha-Dhatu-Mala Vigyana. Knowledge of basic principles is essential to understand Shareera Kriya Vigyana on its scientific approach, and it can be applied to find out the Vikriti (abnormalities) from normal physiological conditions. This state is dealt with diagnosing the disease correctly and hence is known as Vikriti Vigyana (Pathology), the prime importance in the management of disease. Therefore, there is a very distinct and important role of the basic principles of Ayurveda mentioned under Shareera Kriya Vigyana (Physiology).

THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY IN AYURVEDA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Annasaheb Patil
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Influence ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
External Agents ◽  
Normal Health

Abstract –          Diseases are actually the manifestation of Pathophysiology wherein the body and mind is subjected to disorder in their normal functioning due to internal or external influence. Pathophysiology means physiology of disordered function1. The result of pathogenesis is imbalances in the harmony of normal health. There are number of  pathies which interpret different ways of pathogenesis in body and mind according to their fundamental principles .In modern science we usually see that majority of diseases are due to invasion of external foreign agents in the form of microbes, bacteria and viruses leading to infection and manifestation of diseases .. Whereas according to Ayurveda the equilibrium state of Dosha is health and their imbalance leads to manifestation of diseases2. In Ayurveda the external agents in the form of microbes, bacteria and viruses etc is given less significance in the manifestation of diseases.

Panchamahabhuta - Aadharbhut Siddhant and their application in Chikitsa

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Kusum Malik ◽  
Dr. Brijesh Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Application ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Five Elements

For true exploration and validation of Ayurveda in all its aspects, scientific inputs should confirm to Ayurveda’s basic principles and philosophy. Till date so many studies have been done for elaboration of fundamental principles like Tridosha, Dhatu, Strotas, Agni, Oja, Ama etc. No any rewarding work has been done on Panchamahabhuta Siddhanta and it is a still stalemate for us. In this perception, present attempt is enlightened on its basic concept and clinical application and its importance in Ayurveda. Ayurveda depends on the concept of Panchamahabhutas i.e. Aakaash, Vayu, Agni, Prithvi, Jala.[1] The Panchmahabhut revolves around the normal functioning of the body (physiological), occurrence of disease (pathological) and action of drug in various part of the body (pharmacokinetics).[2] According to Ayurveda this holistic approach comprises five elements of nature. The food, the planets and every living and non-living things are made up of these five elements. Tridoshas (Vata, Pita, Kapha) also comprises Panchmahabhuta. On the basis of thorough knowledge and understanding of Panchmahabhuta Siddhanta one can take an account of the causative factor of imbalance of Doshas and thereby discover the solution for the treatment.

scholarly journals Vloga reber pri nastanku in napredovanju idiopatske skolioze

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (9-10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Gogala
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Rib Cage ◽  
Primary Bone ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
External Loads ◽  
Continuous Progression

The pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis is still a matter of debate as its common cause has not been found. But some basic principles of its onset and progression do exist. The curvature of the spine is always accompanied by rotation of the vertebrae and rib cage. If we want to explain the principles governing scoliosis onset and progression, we should answer some questions. First, why is side curvature of the spine always accompanied by rotation of the rib cage and vertebrae and vertebral rotation is maximal at the curve apex? Second, is structural scoliosis fixed by primary bone growth in growth plates of the vertebrae or by bone remodeling by which bones adapt to external loads? Third, why most of the curvatures are right thoracic? And fourth, what drives the progression of scoliosis? In the theory presented here, attention is given to the role of the ribs. Symmetrical rib cage fixes vertebrae in the midline of the body and prevents rotation of the vertebrae with dual articulating surfaces on each side of the vertebrae. The ribs are connected with intercostal muscles and cannot spread apart on the convex side when the spine bends. Curvature of the spine in the thoracic region is not possible without rotation of the vertebrae and deformation of the ribs. The ribs at the apex of the curve are pulled inwards towards the vertebrae because they are shifted further from the midline than other ribs. With rotation of the vertebrae at the apex of the curve, which are compressed between the ribs, the thoracic circumference diminishes and the tension in the wall is alleviated. The deformation becomes irreversible if new bone growth or resorption and remodeling change shape of the ribs and vertebrae or if ligaments are not firm enough. Bone remodeling is probably more important than primary bone growth in fixing the structural scoliosis. When the rib cage and vertebrae become structurally rotated, vertebrae lose balanced support from the ribs from both sides. Shear forces from the ribs turn vertebrae further and push vertebral bodies toward the convexity. Thus, continuous progression of scoliosis starts.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF CHRISTIANITY IN THE FORMATION OF THE US IDEOLOGY

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
A. Zahorodnia
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
American Exceptionalism ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Value System ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of

This article addresses the role of Christianity in the formation of the US ideology, particularly its influence on the formation of the concept of American exceptionalism. Although the recent decades have witnessed the increasing attention of American and European scholars to the influence of Christianity on the history of the United States, the body of historical research, and especially the Ukrainian one, still lacks general comprehensive analyses of the role of Christianity in the formation of American ideology and political culture. The article pays a particular attention to the messianic ideas preached by the Puritan leaders in the early history of the New World. These ideas have deeply rooted in the political ideology of the U.S. and still have a strong influence on its development. The article covers the role of Christian rhetoric, which is widely used in the addresses to the nation, and proves its significant role in the shaping of public opinion. Special attention is also paid to the characterizing of Protestant ethic, which basic principles had an impact on the formation of the American value system and influenced the development of the most crucial features of American identity – deep individualism and entrepreneurial mindset.

scholarly journals Russian Consensus “Hyperammonemia in Adults”

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Lazebnik ◽  
E. V. Golovanova ◽  
S. A. Alekseenko ◽  
A. O. Bueverov ◽  
E. Yu. Plotnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
External Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Adult Body

The human body, like any other, is an intermediate component of the nitrogen cycle in nature. Consuming nitrogen from the external environment in the form of various compounds, the body processes it into ammonia - one of the final products of exchange of nitrogen-containing substances [1], which is removed from the body in the form of urea. The most active ammonia producers are organs with high exchange of amino acids and biogenic amines - nerve tissue, liver, intestine, and muscles. In a state of nitrogen equilibrium, the adult body consumes and releases about 15 g of nitrogen per day, temporary or permanent disruption of nitrogen balance results in a great number of physiological conditions and diseases, and the need to stabilize it is well known. However, despite a huge number of studies on the role of nitrogen metabolism and its compounds in the clinic, to date we have not been able to find any conciliation document in the world literature on the classification of ammonia-ammonium levels in human blood and approaches to the correction of hyperammonemia, which was the basis for the emergence of this consensus.

The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

Influence of stable iodine on the uptake of the thyroid – model vs. experiment

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Wellner ◽  
E. Voth ◽  
H. Schicha ◽  
K. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Iodine Supply ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stable Iodine

Summary Aim: The influence of physiological and pharmacological amounts of iodine on the uptake of radioiodine in the thyroid was examined in a 4-compartment model. This model allows equations to be derived describing the distribution of tracer iodine as a function of time. The aim of the study was to compare the predictions of the model with experimental data. Methods: Five euthyroid persons received stable iodine (200 μg, 10 mg). 1-123-uptake into the thyroid was measured with the Nal (Tl)-detector of a body counter under physiological conditions and after application of each dose of additional iodine. Actual measurements and predicted values were compared, taking into account the individual iodine supply as estimated from the thyroid uptake under physiological conditions and data from the literature. Results: Thyroid iodine uptake decreased from 80% under physiological conditions to 50% in individuals with very low iodine supply (15 μg/d) (n = 2). The uptake calculated from the model was 36%. Iodine uptake into the thyroid did not decrease in individuals with typical iodine supply, i.e. for Cologne 65-85 μg/d (n = 3). After application of 10 mg of stable iodine, uptake into the thyroid decreased in all individuals to about 5%, in accordance with the model calculations. Conclusion: Comparison of theoretical predictions with the measured values demonstrated that the model tested is well suited for describing the time course of iodine distribution and uptake within the body. It can now be used to study aspects of iodine metabolism relevant to the pharmacological administration of iodine which cannot be investigated experimentally in humans for ethical and technical reasons.

The Role of Computer Modeling in Electrocardiography

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Oosterom
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
The Body ◽  
Volume Conductor ◽  
Current Generator ◽  
Cardiac Electrical Activity ◽  
Source Models

AbstractThis paper introduces some levels at which the computer has been incorporated in the research into the basis of electrocardiography. The emphasis lies on the modeling of the heart as an electrical current generator and of the properties of the body as a volume conductor, both playing a major role in the shaping of the electrocardiographic waveforms recorded at the body surface. It is claimed that the Forward-Problem of electrocardiography is no longer a problem. Several source models of cardiac electrical activity are considered, one of which can be directly interpreted in terms of the underlying electrophysiology (the depolarization sequence of the ventricles). The importance of using tailored rather than textbook geometry in inverse procedures is stressed.

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

Receptions of the Past: Commemoration, Racism, Desire

Somatechnics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-303
Author(s):  
Michael Connors Jackman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
White Privilege ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Lesbian And Gay ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

This article investigates the ways in which the work of The Body Politic (TBP), the first major lesbian and gay newspaper in Canada, comes to be commemorated in queer publics and how it figures in the memories of those who were involved in producing the paper. In revisiting a critical point in the history of TBP from 1985 when controversy erupted over race and racism within the editorial collective, this discussion considers the role of memory in the reproduction of whiteness and in the rupture of standard narratives about the past. As the controversy continues to haunt contemporary queer activism in Canada, the productive work of memory must be considered an essential aspect of how, when and for what reasons the work of TBP comes to be commemorated. By revisiting the events of 1985 and by sifting through interviews with individuals who contributed to the work of TBP, this article complicates the narrative of TBP as a bluntly racist endeavour whilst questioning the white privilege and racially-charged demands that undergird its commemoration. The work of producing and preserving queer history is a vital means of challenging the intentional and strategic erasure of queer existence, but those who engage in such efforts must remain attentive to the unequal terrain of social relations within which remembering forms its objects.

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