Nonprofit Board Membership and the Gender Gap

The Subject ◽

Board Decision Making ◽

According to a study conducted by BoardSource and reported in, Leading with Intent: 2017 National Index of Nonprofit Board Practices (Board-Source, 2017), 72% of nonprofit CEO/Executive Director positions are held by females, while only 48% are Executive Board Members and 42% are Board Chairs. The discrepancy between the number of board positions held by women versus staff leadership positions has been the subject of many recent publications. Reviewing academic and industry literature, this paper explores the relationship between an allmale board’s choice of self-assessment tools and its decision-making processes related to creating a gender inclusive board. This paper provides additional insight by applying communication theoretical frameworks to analyze allmale board decision-making processes which ultimately affect recruitment outcomes.

Handbook of Research on New Dimensions of Gender Mainstreaming and Women Empowerment - Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies ◽

Interim Management Strategy as a Way of Empowering Women Leadership

10.4018/978-1-7998-2819-8.ch018 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 328-345

Author(s):

Nermin Kişi

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Gender Gap ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Women In Leadership ◽

Leadership Roles ◽

Leadership Positions ◽

Women Leadership ◽

Representation Of Women ◽

Interim Management ◽

Decision Making Processes

Although major steps have been taken to increase inclusive representation of women in the workforce, there is a significant gender gap in achieving leadership roles in both developed and developing regions. In particular, many women around the world face serious challenges that prevent them from moving to leadership positions. Women's empowerment approaches are needed in order to have equal access to resources, to participate in decision-making processes, and to support career advancement. Within this context, interim management strategies can be considered as one of the empowering opportunities for women leadership. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the role of interim management on women leaders' empowerment. This is the first attempt that evaluates the notion of interim management as part of empowerment of women's leadership. It is expected to add value to literature on women in leadership positions and corporate decision-making.

Interim Management Strategy as a Way of Empowering Women Leadership

Research Anthology on Challenges for Women in Leadership Roles ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-8592-4.ch035 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 640-657

Author(s):

Nermin Kişi

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Gender Gap ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Women In Leadership ◽

Leadership Roles ◽

Leadership Positions ◽

Women Leadership ◽

Representation Of Women ◽

Interim Management ◽

Decision Making Processes

Although major steps have been taken to increase inclusive representation of women in the workforce, there is a significant gender gap in achieving leadership roles in both developed and developing regions. In particular, many women around the world face serious challenges that prevent them from moving to leadership positions. Women's empowerment approaches are needed in order to have equal access to resources, to participate in decision-making processes, and to support career advancement. Within this context, interim management strategies can be considered as one of the empowering opportunities for women leadership. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the role of interim management on women leaders' empowerment. This is the first attempt that evaluates the notion of interim management as part of empowerment of women's leadership. It is expected to add value to literature on women in leadership positions and corporate decision-making.

Axiology, personal values and ethical rationalities: a proposal for theoretical frameworks integration

Revista de Ciências da Administração ◽

10.5007/2175-8077.2019v21n55p115 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (55) ◽

pp. 115-133

Author(s):

Matheus Lemos de Andrade ◽

Ramon Silva Leite ◽

Simone Teresinha Chaves de Andrada Ibrahin ◽

Karina Carneiro Costa

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Personal Values ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Theoretical Frameworks ◽

Social Phenomena ◽

Ethics and personal values are two important theories that underlie management studies that analyze behaviors and decision-making processes. However, the relationship between these two themes is incipient and calls for in-depth investigation, mainly empirical studies. The present study aims at verifying the existence of relationships between personal values (Schwartz, 1992; Schwartz et al., 2012) and the ethical deontological and teleological rationalities. A survey into this issue was conducted with a sample of 453 Brazilian respondents. Consistent with the postulated hypotheses, the results showed that all individualistic-oriented values are positively related to teleological rationalities, just as all collectivist-oriented values are affirmatively related to deontological rationalities, except for the Tradition value. Empirical confirmation of the relationship between ethics and personal values answer the author`s claims on the topic and allows the extension of analyzes of social phenomena supported by such theories.

The Priority of Democracy

10.23943/princeton/9780691151236.001.0001 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 108

Author(s):

Jack Knight ◽

James Johnson

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Monetary Policy ◽

Political Institutions ◽

Federal Reserve ◽

Democratic Politics ◽

Institutional Choice ◽

Democratic Process ◽

Strong Case ◽

The Subject ◽

Pragmatism and its consequences are central issues in American politics today, yet scholars rarely examine in detail the relationship between pragmatism and politics. This book systematically explores the subject and makes a strong case for adopting a pragmatist approach to democratic politics—and for giving priority to democracy in the process of selecting and reforming political institutions. What is the primary value of democracy? When should we make decisions democratically and when should we rely on markets? And when should we accept the decisions of unelected officials, such as judges or bureaucrats? This book explores how a commitment to pragmatism should affect our answers to such important questions. It concludes that democracy is a good way of determining how these kinds of decisions should be made—even if what the democratic process determines is that not all decisions should be made democratically. So, for example, the democratically elected U.S. Congress may legitimately remove monetary policy from democratic decision-making by putting it under the control of the Federal Reserve. This book argues that pragmatism offers an original and compelling justification of democracy in terms of the unique contributions democratic institutions can make to processes of institutional choice. This focus highlights the important role that democracy plays, not in achieving consensus or commonality, but rather in addressing conflicts. Indeed, the book suggest that democratic politics is perhaps best seen less as a way of reaching consensus or agreement than as a way of structuring the terms of persistent disagreement.

Subjective Knowledge, Perceived Risk, and Information Search when Purchasing a Franchise: A Comparative Exploration from Australia

Journal of Risk and Financial Management ◽

10.3390/jrfm14080338 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 338

Author(s):

Peter Balsarini ◽

Claire Lambert ◽

Maria M. Ryan ◽

Martin MacCarthy

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Information Search ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Traditional Approach ◽

Growth Strategy ◽

Local Market ◽

Significant Information ◽

Subjective Knowledge ◽

Franchising has long been a method by which organizations seek to expand and facilitate local market development. However, franchising as a growth strategy can often be hampered by lack of suitable franchisees. To mitigate this shortage, some franchisors have engaged in recruiting franchisees internally from the ranks of their employees in addition to the traditional approach of recruiting franchisees externally. Predominantly franchisees are individuals rather than corporations and thus purchasing a franchise should most commonly be characterized as a consumer acquisition. To explore the relationship between subjective knowledge, perceived risk, and information search behaviors when purchasing a franchise qualitative interviews were conducted with franchisees from the restaurant industry. Half of these respondents were externally recruited having never worked for the franchisor and half were internally recruited having previously been employees of the franchisor. The external recruits expressed a strong desire to own their own business and engaged in extensive decision-making processes with significant information search when purchasing their franchises. Contrastingly, the internal recruits expressed a strong desire to be their own boss and engaged in limited, bordering on habitual decision-making processes with negligible information search when acquiring their franchises. The results reveal that differences in subjective knowledge and perceived risk appear to significantly impact the extent of information search between these two groups. A model of the relationship between subjective knowledge, perceived risk and information search in the purchasing of a franchise is developed that reconciles these findings. The findings also have practical implications for franchisors’ franchisee recruiting efforts which are integral to their capacity to develop local markets.

The relationship between apathy and impulsivity in large population samples

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84364-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pierre Petitet ◽

Jacqueline Scholl ◽

Bahaaeddin Attaallah ◽

Daniel Drew ◽

Sanjay Manohar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Large Population ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Self Assessment ◽

Social And Emotional ◽

Scale Scores ◽

Recent Addition ◽

The Relationship ◽

Gathering Data ◽

Neuropsychiatric Conditions

AbstractApathy and impulsivity are debilitating conditions associated with many neuropsychiatric conditions, and expressed to variable degrees in healthy people. While some theories suggest that they lie at different ends of a continuum, others suggest their possible co-existence. Surprisingly little is known, however, about their empirical association in the general population. Here, gathering data from six large studies ($$n = 3755$$ n = 3755 ), we investigated the relationship between measures of apathy and impulsivity in young adults. The questionnaires included commonly used self-assessment tools—Apathy Evaluation Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and UPPS-P Scale—as well as a more recent addition, the Apathy Motivation Index (AMI). Remarkably, across datasets and assessment tools, global measures of apathy and impulsivity correlated positively. However, analysis of sub-scale scores revealed a more complex relationship. Although most dimensions correlated positively with one another, there were two important exceptions revealed using the AMI scale. Social apathy was mostly negatively correlated with impulsive behaviour, and emotional apathy was orthogonal to all other sub-domains. These results suggest that at a global level, apathy and impulsivity do not exist at distinct ends of a continuum. Instead, paradoxically, they most often co-exist in young adults. Processes underlying social and emotional apathy, however, appear to be different and dissociable from behavioural apathy and impulsivity.

The Individual and Administrative Justice

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190903084.013.13 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Naomi Creutzfeldt

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Justice System ◽

Service Users ◽

Perceptions Of Fairness ◽

The Subject ◽

Individual Justice ◽

The Individual ◽

Individual Service ◽

Administrative Justice

This chapter discusses what individual justice means in the realm of administrative justice. The standards of justice and fairness that apply in administrative decision-making need consideration from the perspective of the service user. Should the administrative justice system serve the citizen or the state? What role do individual service users have in the design, use, and evaluation of more bureaucratic systems of redress? Different notions of justice, as they relate to primary decision-making processes, have been described through various models. This chapter provides a set of tools with which to study the subject and argues for the importance of user voice and perceptions of fairness in the provision of a more citizen-focussed justice.

Understanding the Millennials’ Integrated Ethical Decision-Making Process: Assessing the Relationship Between Personal Values and Cognitive Moral Reasoning

Business & Society ◽

10.1177/0007650317726985 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 58 (8) ◽

pp. 1671-1706 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

James Weber

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Moral Reasoning ◽

Ethical Decision ◽

Ethical Decision Making ◽

Personal Values ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Value Orientations ◽

The Relationship ◽

Cognitive Moral Reasoning

Focusing on millennials, individuals born between 1980 and 2000 and representing the largest generational population in our history, this research seeks to understand their ethical decision-making processes by exploring the distinctive, yet interconnected, theories of personal values and cognitive moral reasoning. Utilizing a decision-making framework introduced in the 1990s, we discover that there is a statistically supported relationship between a millennial’s personal value orientation and stage of cognitive moral reasoning. Moreover, we discover a strong relationship between three of the four value orientations and a corresponding stage of cognitive moral reasoning. The theoretical and practical research implications of our discovery about millennials’ decision making are discussed.

Novel Parameterized Distance Measures on Hesitant Fuzzy Sets with Credibility Degree and Their Application in Decision-Making

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym10110557 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 557 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jiaru Li ◽

Fangwei Zhang ◽

Qiang Li ◽

Jing Sun ◽

Janney Yee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Fuzzy Sets ◽

Cardinal Number ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Distance Measures ◽

Hesitant Fuzzy Set ◽

Hesitant Fuzzy Sets ◽

The Subject ◽

The subject of this study is to explore the role of cardinality of hesitant fuzzy element (HFE) in distance measures on hesitant fuzzy sets (HFSs). Firstly, three parameters, i.e., credibility factor, conservative factor, and a risk factor are introduced, thereafter, a series of novel distance measures on HFSs are proposed using these three parameters. These newly proposed distance measures handle the relationship between the cardinal number and the element values of hesitant fuzzy set well, and are suitable to combine subjective and objective decision-making information. When using these functions, decision makers with different risk preferences are allowed to give different values for these three parameters. In particular, this study transfers the hesitance degree index to a credibility of the values in HFEs, which is consistent with people’s intuition. Finally, the practicability of the newly proposed distance measures is verified by two examples.