scholarly journals Subjective Knowledge, Perceived Risk, and Information Search when Purchasing a Franchise: A Comparative Exploration from Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Peter Balsarini ◽  
Claire Lambert ◽  
Maria M. Ryan ◽  
Martin MacCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Subjective Knowledge ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Relationship

Franchising has long been a method by which organizations seek to expand and facilitate local market development. However, franchising as a growth strategy can often be hampered by lack of suitable franchisees. To mitigate this shortage, some franchisors have engaged in recruiting franchisees internally from the ranks of their employees in addition to the traditional approach of recruiting franchisees externally. Predominantly franchisees are individuals rather than corporations and thus purchasing a franchise should most commonly be characterized as a consumer acquisition. To explore the relationship between subjective knowledge, perceived risk, and information search behaviors when purchasing a franchise qualitative interviews were conducted with franchisees from the restaurant industry. Half of these respondents were externally recruited having never worked for the franchisor and half were internally recruited having previously been employees of the franchisor. The external recruits expressed a strong desire to own their own business and engaged in extensive decision-making processes with significant information search when purchasing their franchises. Contrastingly, the internal recruits expressed a strong desire to be their own boss and engaged in limited, bordering on habitual decision-making processes with negligible information search when acquiring their franchises. The results reveal that differences in subjective knowledge and perceived risk appear to significantly impact the extent of information search between these two groups. A model of the relationship between subjective knowledge, perceived risk and information search in the purchasing of a franchise is developed that reconciles these findings. The findings also have practical implications for franchisors’ franchisee recruiting efforts which are integral to their capacity to develop local markets.

Strategic and architectural dimensions of the decision-making processes in South African multinational corporations

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 832-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Luiz ◽  
Grant Visser
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
South African ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Decision Making Processes

AbstractWe examine the manner in which South African-owned multinationals devolve power to their international subsidiaries in Africa, and the resulting effects of the interaction between strategy and structure. The research suggests that a dynamic process of power distribution may develop, in terms of the following: (1) the performance of the subsidiary, its expertise and experience to adapt to local market demands; and (2) the multinational’s need to manage the risks propagated by the African operating environment in which it operates. There is a dual facet to power devolvement, one in which South African multinationals opt for risk mitigation through long-standing control, often at the expense of operational adaptation. In contrast with the literature, which sees multinational corporations as differentiated networks, in the South African case we find a more traditional approach with clear headquarters and ‘miniature replica’ subsidiaries. This suggests that South African multinational corporations are still emerging and that it will take time to develop differentiated networks.

Understanding the Millennials’ Integrated Ethical Decision-Making Process: Assessing the Relationship Between Personal Values and Cognitive Moral Reasoning

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1671-1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Weber
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Moral Reasoning

Focusing on millennials, individuals born between 1980 and 2000 and representing the largest generational population in our history, this research seeks to understand their ethical decision-making processes by exploring the distinctive, yet interconnected, theories of personal values and cognitive moral reasoning. Utilizing a decision-making framework introduced in the 1990s, we discover that there is a statistically supported relationship between a millennial’s personal value orientation and stage of cognitive moral reasoning. Moreover, we discover a strong relationship between three of the four value orientations and a corresponding stage of cognitive moral reasoning. The theoretical and practical research implications of our discovery about millennials’ decision making are discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of Consumer Innovativeness on Shopping Styles: A Case-Study of Limkokwing University Students (Botswana)

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olumide Olasimbo Jaiyeoba ◽  
Frederick Odongo Opeda
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Consumer Innovativeness ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Relationship

The unprecedented abundance of choice and retail outlets creates a massive array of choice for consumers most especially students. Innovative consumers are an important market segment. This paper seeks to investigate whether consumers’ innate innovativeness is associated with their shopping styles. Specifically, it aims to explore the relationship between two types of innovativeness (sensory innovativeness and cognitive innovativeness and consumer shopping styles). Indeed, the unprecedented abundance of choice and retail outlets creates a massive array of choice for consumers. Despite these significant changes in the commercial environment, very little is known about the decision making processes of consumers in developing countries, most especially in Botswana. Ostensibly, the paucity of research in this area hinders our understanding of consumer decision making processes. The paper integrates the consumer innovativeness and consumer shopping styles literature. A structural equation model was used to test the relationship between cognitive and sensory innovativeness and various shopping styles. Cognitive innovators are inclined to show shopping styles such as quality consciousness, price consciousness, and confusion by overchoice, while sensory innovators are inclined to have shopping styles such as brand consciousness, fashion consciousness, recreational orientation, impulsive shopping, and brand loyalty/habitual shopping. The research is based on a convenience sample of young consumers in Botswana. The findings of this research would hopefully help managers to develop a deeper insight into product development and marketing. Furthermore, since the youth market in Botswana represents an enormous opportunity for marketers, the paper provides valuable insights into this key market segment. It thus provides new insights into the shopping patterns of consumers who belong to different innovativeness types. It also makes a new contribution to the shopping styles literature by explicating potential antecedents to the various shopping styles among the largest private tertiary institution students in Botswana.

The Effect of iXBRL Formatted Financial Statements on the Effectiveness of Managers’ Decisions when Making Inter-Firm Comparisons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Woong (Daniel) Chang ◽  
Steven Kaszak ◽  
Peter C. Kipp ◽  
Jesse C. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Cognitive Load Theory ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Load Theory ◽  
The Relationship

Following the SEC’s mandate for Inline XBRL (iXBRL) formatted financial filings, we experimentally investigate the effects of iXBRL filings and tag type (matching or non-matching) on managers’ decisions. iXBRL filings facilitate information search and information match by allowing users to view XBRL data in HTML filings, while XBRL filings facilitate information search only because they do not include this integration with human-readable HTML filings. Matching tags consistently tag data across firms and disclosures, which should facilitate inter-firm comparisons and improve decision making relative to non-matching tags. Drawing on cognitive load theory, we find that managers make more (less) effective decisions when presented with financial information formatted in iXBRL (XBRL) and when tags match (do not match). Mediation analysis reveals that managers’ cognitive load mediates the relationship between iXBRL disclosure format and decision effectiveness, but only for non-matching tags, consistent with moderated-mediation. We offer implications for practice and research suggestions.

Caste and the Decline of Political Homogeneity

1973 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Somjee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the traditional social organization of India, based on the principle of hierarchy, and the newly introduced democratic institutions and procedures, based on the principle of equality, has been a subject of diverse interpretations. The more significant of these interpretations are that the social organization has subsumed the new political system, and that the various units of social organization, namely, castes, have developed voluntary bodies or caste associations of their own in order to enter into an operative relationship with the new political system. The latter interpretation also implies that the democratic political socialization in India has been taking place by means of the caste associations. This study takes a hard look at such interpretations and points out that the internal cohesion of the social organization materially alters when it moves away from its primary social concerns—ritual, pollution, and endogamy—to nontraditional concerns. This change is reflected in the fact that highly fragmented decision-making processes of castes in nontraditional matters often lead to their substantial vote against candidates of their own castes. Such political differentiation within castes has occurred before the advent of certain caste associations, and in some cases despite them. These and other assertions are substantiated through data collected in a rural and an urban community where fieldwork designed to understand their political dynamics extended over a number of years.

Decision Making Processes in Risky and Non-Risky Consumer Product Selection

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-360
Author(s):  
Cassie B. Barlow ◽  
Amy J. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Consumer Product ◽  
Product Selection ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Decision Tasks

Decision making in the domain of risk has traditionally been studied by examining gambling behavior. The control of outcome probabilities obtained in these paradigms masks much of the subjective nature of everyday risk decision choices, such as product selection and information search patterns. A study was undertaken to examine decision making processes in Risky and NonRisky consumer product decision tasks. Subjects completed two Information Display Board (IDB) decision tasks, one selecting a Risky consumer product (oral contraceptive) and one selecting a NonRisky consumer product (toothpaste). The results supported the hypotheses that consumers view the decisions to purchase risky and non-risky products differently and use different patterns of information acquisition in making decisions in the selection of these products. Few anticipated differences were found between Experienced and NonExperienced users of oral contraceptives in information acquisition. Implications for health care professionals providing oral contraceptive information to patients are discussed.

Labour Union Responses to Participation in Employing Organizations

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Gall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

This article provides a multilayered theorization of labour unionism's relationship to participation in order to provide the basis for examining unions' experience of, and response to, participation. This requires an exposition of the broad parameters of the relationship between labour unionism and participation before examining the conceptual implications of these parameters. In doing so, participation is defined broadly as the reality, rhetoric, and aspiration of worker involvement in task determination as well as contributing to higher-level, decision-making processes concerning the employment relationship, enterprise, and markets, whether coming from workers, employers, or states. This then concerns, with varying degrees of depth and breadth, direct and indirect participation at different levels of employing organizations and over an array of subjects. In essence, the focus of the article is on bilateral arenas of engagement between workers and employer representatives that are not formally and conceptually predicated on the involvement of any third parties.

Human/nature relations in the Arctic: changing perspectives

Polar Record ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (167) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Osherenko
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Alternative Conceptions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Indigenous Perspectives ◽  
Regenerative Development ◽  
Arctic Policy ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTDiffering conceptions of the relationship between humans and the environment shape policies regarding Arctic development and protection. From the fifteenth century to the early twentieth century, conquest and colonization perspectives prevailed. While vestiges of these views still color Arctic policy, the dominant approach of governments today is balanced development. On the horizon, alternative conceptions are gradually changing both policy decisions and decision-making processes in the Arctic. These include sustainable and regenerative development, rational ecology, ecofeminism, and indigenous perspectives.

A Conceptual Approach to Understanding Abused Women's Stay/Leave Decisions

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAMELA CHOICE ◽  
LEANNE K. LAMKE
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Step Model ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Preliminary Support

This article critically examines four theoretical approaches identified by Strube (1988) as relevant to abused women's stay/leave decision-making processes. It is argued that these four approaches have overlapping components that may be combined into a single framework for understanding abused women's stay/leave decisions. The essential aspects of abused women's stay/leave decisions appear to revolve around two central questions: “Will I be better off?” and “Can I do it?” This model proposes that abused women's stay/leave decisions occur in a stepwise fashion. A woman may wish to leave her relationship but be inhibited from doing so because she does not feel she has control over her circumstances. Conversely, a woman may have the necessary resources for leaving but may wish to remain in the relationship. Empirical work in the fields of marital and dating violence is reviewed and provides preliminary support for the components of this two-step model of abused women's stay/leave decisions.

scholarly journals Nonprofit Board Membership and the Gender Gap

Tripodos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 13-32
Author(s):  
Cathryn Cushner Edelstein
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Board Decision Making ◽  
The Relationship

According to a study conducted by BoardSource and reported in, Leading with Intent: 2017 National Index of Nonprofit Board Practices (Board-Source, 2017), 72% of nonprofit CEO/Executive Director positions are held by females, while only 48% are Executive Board Members and 42% are Board Chairs. The discrepancy between the number of board positions held by women versus staff leadership positions has been the subject of many recent publications. Reviewing academic and industry literature, this paper explores the relationship between an allmale board’s choice of self-assessment tools and its decision-making processes related to creating a gender inclusive board. This paper provides additional insight by applying communication theoretical frameworks to analyze allmale board decision-making processes which ultimately affect recruitment outcomes.

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