scholarly journals POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION OF SULPHONAMIDE COCCIDIOSTATS WITH ENHANCED SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CHICKEN TO INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
P. A. Okiki
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Very High ◽  
Precipitating Factor ◽  
Precipitation Test ◽  
Prospective Investigation

Infections bursal disease (IBD) outbreak in 3 commercial poultry farms were reported. The diagnosis of the disease was based on clinical signs and pathological lesions, following by laboratory confirmation by the Ouchterlony agar precipitation test. All the affected chickens were from vaccinated flocks. Very high mortality and morbidity were recorded: 61% mortality form flocks where coccidiosis were used compared with 31% and 32% mortalities from flocks where coccidiosis vaccines were used. A retrospective and prospective investigation of mortality patterns in the rearing flocks of these three farms, without IBD outbreak between 1999 and 2002 indicated 8.3% average mortality when sulphonamide coccidiostats were used as against 4.3% average mortality when coccidiosis vaccines were used. It is suggested that sulponamide coccidiostats administration might be a precipitating factor of the heavy losses recorded during IBD outbreak.

scholarly journals Outbreaks of Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease in Flocks of Battery Cage Brooding System of Commercial Chickens

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Aliyu ◽  
L. Sa’idu ◽  
A. Jamilu ◽  
A. D. Andamin ◽  
S. O. Akpavie
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Cage System ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Chloride

Clinical and pathological investigations were conducted on outbreaks of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in pullets under brooding using the battery cage system in a commercial poultry farm in Kaduna, Nigeria. Two consecutive outbreaks of IBD on the same farm were studied. The onset of the disease and morbidity and mortality rates were recorded. Postmortem examinations were conducted and gross lesions recorded. Tissues were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin and processed for histopathological examinations. In the first outbreak, 80 to 100% of the chicks were affected at the age of 4 to 5 weeks and mortality rate was 95.8% and lasted for 9 days. In the second outbreak, the mortality rate was 43.3% and it also lasted for 9 days. At the onset of the disease, the birds were also 4-week-old like in case 1. The disease was diagnosed based on clinical signs, pathology, and agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID). Clinical signs, gross lesions, and histopathological findings were characteristic of virulent infectious bursal disease. After the first outbreak (case 1) the house was disinfected using polidine® (iodophor compound), V-ox® (inorganic peroxygen compounds), CID20® (quaternary ammonium chloride, aldehydes, and alcohol), terminator III® (phenols), and glutasan® (aldehyde and quaternary ammonium chloride). But they failed to eliminate the IBD virus from the poultry pen.

scholarly journals GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS ISOLATES IN UKRAINE

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
A. Pastyria ◽  
V. Polischuk ◽  
I. Sobko
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Pcr Method

The objective of the investigation was to characterize infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDV) circulating in commercial poultry farms in Ukraine between 2014 and 2016. IBDV genetic material was amplified directly from bursa. The nucleotide sequence for VP2 hypervariable region of 16 IBDVs were determined by RT-PCR method, sequenced and compared to well characterised IBDV isolates worldwide. Neighbor-joining method was used for phylogenetic analyses. In result of the studyUkrainian IBDVs represented two genetic lineages: very virulent (vv) IBDVs and classical IBDV closely related to attenuated vaccine stains. The nucleotide identity among UkrainianvvIBDVs ranged between 87.2% and 99,8%. Ukrainian vvIBDV strains clustered together with very virulent strains from other counties like: United Kingdom, Egypt, China, Netherlands and Spain. In conclusion this report demonstrates the circulation of vvIBDV in commercial poultry farms in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Clinico-Pathological Investigation of Chicken Coccidiosis at Different Upazila in Bogura District

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
Md Mofizul Islam ◽  
Md Haydar Ali ◽  
Md Nazrul Islam ◽  
Mahfuza Akther ◽  
Md Gausur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Proportional Mortality ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Gross Lesions

The experiment was conducted with the interest to know the overall condition of coccidiosis in small scale commercial poultry farms at different upazilla in Bogura district and the investigation was done from July to December, 2018. A thorough clinical and necropsy examination was done for characterizing the clinical signs, recording of gross lesions and collection of different organs mainly the small intestine and the caecum for further histopathological examination. A total of 343 suspected and dead chickens were examined, among them 52 (15.38%) (20.6% in broiler, 10.47% in sonali, 10.25% in layer) chickens were found positive for chicken coccidiosis. The proportional mortality rates were 19.25%, 21.42%, 8.23% and 7.5% respectively in age group of 0-4 weeks, 5-6 weeks, 7-8 weeks and above 8 weeks and the highest value was found in age group of 5- 6 weeks. Depression, ruffled feather, bloody diarrhoea, anaemia, drooping of wings and reduction of feed and water intake were commonly observed. Several gross changes were recorded including enlargement and discoloration of caecum, pinkish or blood mixed catarrhal contents in the intestinal lumen with numerous haemorrhagic lesions over intestinal mucosa. Histopathologically there was architectural destruction of caecum, destroyed and disorganized villi mucosa without any continuation of the lining epithelium. Some facts like farmers knowledge, the bio-safety measures and different protection programs with vaccination against the disease did not properly comply with the approved standards. Thus consideration of such points in management program of coccidiosis can improve the poultry farms of Bogura district. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 267-274,  August 2020

scholarly journals Prevalence and pathological investigation of fowl typhoid in commercial poultry farms at the Rajshahi City Corporation area of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Abu Bakkar Siddique ◽  
Rashida Khaton
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Individual Bird ◽  
Fowl Typhoid ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rajshahi City ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Fowl typhoid in apparently healthy, sick and dead birds at Rajshahi city corporation area of Bangladesh. A total of 500 birds (50 from each farm) and 30 different organs (liver from 10, ovary from 8, heart from 7, and caecal tonsils from 5) were randomly collected from different commercial poultry farms during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. The prevalence study was performed based on history, clinical signs, symptoms exhibited by the individual bird of a flock during the observation of farms, and illness of birds. The suspected birds were subjected to necropsy examination. During sample collection, clinical signs and gross necropsy changes were recorded very carefully. The collected tissues were fixed, processed, sectioned, stained, and studied light microscopically. The routine histopathological method was used for the detection of tissue-level alterations in Fowl typhoid infected cases. The prevalence of Fowl typhoid in apparently healthy birds of different poultry farms was 8.2%, and 23.33% of organs were involved. Grossly, the liver was enlarged, congested and revealed bronze discoloration with focal necrosis in the surface of the liver. Old raised hemorrhages were found in the caecal tonsils. Congested, deformed, and pedunculated ova were other important findings. Microscopically, the sections of the liver showing multifocal necrosis with infiltration of heterophils and reticulo-endothelial cells. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.8(2): 201-209, August 2021

scholarly journals Pathologic Diagnosis of Infectious Bursal Disease Outbreak In Vaccinated 3-week Old Pullet Chicks on A Small Scale Commercial Poultry Farm In Leleyi-kwali, Abuja, Nigeria: A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
S. E Abalaka
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mortality Pattern ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Lymphoid Depletion ◽  
Commercial Poultry

sudden mortality which lasted for seven days with the peak on the third day, was investigated in vaccinated 3-week old pullet chicks. Signs of depression, ruffled feathers, sneezing, huddling together and pasted vents with about 50% morbidity were observed. While chicks were off feed. Vaccination history against Marek’s and Newcastle diseases was reportedly up to date. The first dose of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) vaccination was done 12 days before the onset of the outbreak preparatory to the second dose. Detailed post mortem examinations showed multifocal petechial to ecchymotic haemorrhages on the breast and thigh muscles with swollen, oedematous and haemorrhagic bursa of Fabricius in affected chicks. The bursa of Fabricius showed diffuse lymphoid depletion with multifocal vacuolations and eosinophilic cystic follicles. Similar diffuse lymphoid depletion and cytoplasmic vacuolation with fibrinous exudation were also present in then spleen, Serological analysis revealed 88.23% IBD antibody positive sera in affected pullets 16 days after cessation of mortality. A diagnosis of Infectious Bursal Disease outbreak was made based on the observed pathological presentations along with the clinical signs, typical spiked mortality pattern, and serological titre. These findings highlighted the need for continuous pathological investigations as a ready diagnostic tool in vaccinated and unvaccinated pullet chicks in Nigeria where Infectious bursal disease has become endemic.

scholarly journals Salmonella Bacteriophage Diversity According to Most Prevalent Salmonella Serovars in Layer and Broiler Poultry Farms from Eastern Spain

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1456
Author(s):  
Sandra Sevilla-Navarro ◽  
Pablo Catalá-Gregori ◽  
Clara Marin
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Production Type ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Salmonella Serovars ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phage Isolation ◽  
Salmonella Phage

The exploration of novel nonantibiotic interventions in the field, such as the use of bacteriophages, is necessary to avoid the presence of Salmonella. Bacteriophages are a group of viruses widely distributed in nature, strictly associated with the prokaryotic cell. Researchers have demonstrated the success of phage therapy in reducing Salmonella counts in poultry products. However, the impact that phage concentration in the environment may have against certain Salmonella serovars is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess Salmonella phage prevalence in commercial poultry farms in terms of the production type: layers or broilers. The most prevalent Salmonella serovars isolated in poultry production were used for phage isolation. Salmonella specific phages were isolated from 141 layer and broiler farms located in the Valencia region during 2019. Analysis of the samples revealed that 100% presented Salmonella phages, the most prevalent being against serovar S. Enteritidis (93%), followed by S. Virchow (59%), S. Typhimurium (55%), S. Infantis (52%) and S. Ohio (51%). These results indicate that poultry farms could represent an important source of Salmonella phages. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to assess the epidemiology of phages against other serovars present in other countries and their diversity from the point of view of molecular studies.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and outcome of sepsis in a tertiary-care hospital in a developing country

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. TANRIOVER ◽  
G. S. GUVEN ◽  
D. SEN ◽  
S. UNAL ◽  
O. UZUN
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Major Pathogens ◽  
Very High

Sepsis continues to have a substantial mortality and morbidity despite advances in the diagnosis and management of this condition. We retrospectively analysed hospital charts of patients diagnosed to have sepsis between January 2002 and June 2003. Demographic characteristics of patients, microbiological findings and predictors of survival were evaluated. Sixty-nine sepsis episodes that occurred in 63 patients were analysed. The most common underlying diseases were hypertension, malignancies and diabetes mellitus. Renal insufficiency, respiratory distress and disseminated intravascular coagulation developed in 52·2, 30·4 and 30·4% of the episodes respectively; 47·7% of the blood cultures yielded an organism. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant microorganisms (65·9%). Fifty-five patients (87·3%) died. Mechanical ventilation and underlying renal disease were significant determinants of mortality. In conclusion, Gram-negative bacteria remain the major pathogens in sepsis. The mortality remains very high, and a change in the clinical approach to the septic patient should be employed to improve the outcome.

Prevalence of Mycoplasma synoviae and Its Impact on Productivity in Commercial Poultry Farms in Quebec, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Bergeron ◽  
Ghislain Hébert ◽  
Martin C. Pelletier ◽  
Hugh Y. Cai ◽  
Marie-Eve Brochu-Morin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Synoviae ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry

scholarly journals Investigation ofClostridium botulinumin commercial poultry farms in France between 2011 and 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Souillard ◽  
C. Woudstra ◽  
C. Le Maréchal ◽  
M. Dia ◽  
M. H. Bayon-Auboyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry

scholarly journals Prevalence of poultry diseases in Gazipur district of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Kamrul Hassan ◽  
Md Humayun Kabir ◽  
Md Abdullah Al Hasan ◽  
Shobnom Sultana ◽  
Md Shohidul Islam Khokon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Bursal Disease

This study was designed with a view to investigate the prevalence of poultry diseases in Gazipur district of Bangladesh. A total of 679 poultry birds (313 layers, 338 broilers and 28 cockrels) either dead or live were brought for diagnosis of diseases at Gazipur Sadar Upazilla Veterinary Hospital. The diseases were diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical signs and post-mortem findings. The diseases encountered in layers were bacterial diseases 52.29% (salmonellosis 38.56%, colibacillosis 6.7%, fowl cholera 4.79% and necrotic enteritis 1.60%), viral diseases 23.95% (avian influenza 2.56%, Newcastle disease 16.61%, infectious bronchitis 3.19% and avian leucosis 0.64%), mycoplasmal disease (mycoplasmosis 14.70%) and protozoal disease (coccidiosis 5.75%). Salmonellosis was most prevalent disease in age group of >20 weeks, while Newcastle disease most common in 8 to 20 weeks of age group. In case of broiler, bacterial diseases 28.99% (salmonellosis 21.30% and colibacillosis 7.69%), viral diseases 53.24% (infectious bursal disease 28.99%, Newcastle disease 8.87% and infectious bronchitis 15.38%), mycoplasmal disease (mycoplasmosis 7.1%) and protozoal disease (coccidiosis 6.5%). In cockrels, the most prevalent disease was colibacillosis 35.71% followed by salmonellosis 28.57%, Newcastle disease 14.28% and mycoplasmosis14.28%. So among the diseases, salmonellosis is most prevalent disease followed by infectious bursal disease and mycoplasmosis in different kinds of poultry of Gazipur district of Bangladesh.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 107-112

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