scholarly journals Leveraging Endogenous Research and Innovation for Sustainable Livestock Production, National Food Security and Poverty Alleviation In Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-251
Author(s):  
Valentine A. Aletor
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
National Development ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Experimental Development ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Food Security

In this treatise, a quick look is taken at the spectrum (range) of research from pure basic, strategic basic, applied, experimental development or research and development (R&D) to endogenous research and innovation (ER&I). It also defines development, innovation, food security, poverty; and discusses some contemporary theories of innovation within the context of organizational/national development. This was followed by an overview of global and Nigerian livestock, Food Security and Poverty situations; and the characterization of the Nigerian agriculture. It emphasizes the strong link between poverty and low agricultural productivity and chronicles the impact of some generated technologies by the National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) on food production. The trends and patterns of Industry-Government-University research relationships in Nigeria are examined and some illustrations given to show in concrete terms, with examples of the “Asian Tigers” and the BRICS nations, how socio-economic development and human development indices (HDI)have become Research and Innovation-driven.Among the identified constraints to the attainment of food and nutrition security and the curtailment of deepening poverty despite Nigeria's huge agricultural resource endowments include: high cost of agricultural inputs; incessant power outages; chronic under-funding of agricultural research by government and the society, including industries; poor market outlets; huge post-harvest losses due, largely, to the decay of research infrastructure needed for value-addition; low value accorded University-Industry R&I partnerships; lack of political will to make existing National Agricultural policies achieve set targets; information dearth and/or low diffusion of the available significant local agricultural R&I outcomes. Others were poor food distribution networks and very limited ACCESS to food and means of food production – land, water, animals, seeds, fertilizers, extension education, technology etcConsequent on the structural issues involved in food security: ie, the scientific challenge of enhanced productivity; the logistical and political questions of distribution; and socio-economic issues of access, robust mitigation paradigms are proposed. First, is to give full and true autonomy to Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria to effectively harness the synergies of the Universities, NARS, Research Institutes and Industries with regard to competencies, endowments (both material & intellectual) to pursue National Food Security programme without undue interference from a supervisory ministry. Also proposed, for poverty mitigation, is a Value Chain model which entails the active promotion of local content policy by government which strategically links ER& I with MSMEs for the manufacture of strategic basic agricultural equipment, foods, animal feeds, drugs/vaccines, goods and supplies with incentives such as tax holiday, low interest rates etc, provided such firms by government; substantial improvement in the power and transportation sectors, among others.

scholarly journals Impact of macroeconomic policies on national food security in Pakistan: simulation analyses under a simultaneous equations framework  

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 471-488
Author(s):  
Akbar Muhammad ◽  
Jabbar Abdul
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Simultaneous Equations ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Food Inflation ◽  
National Food Security

The UN’s Vision 2050 regarding food security emphasizes a doubling of food production by 2050 to ensure sufficient food availability. It should also be considered that economic accessibility to food depends mainly on food prices in developing countries. Vision 2050 requires proper planning at the national level to ensure that targets are met in the coming years. This study was conducted to analyse the impact of macroeconomic policy decisions on domestic food production and food inflation in Pakistan. A simultaneous equations model, estimated using the generalized method of moments (GMM) with annual data from 1963–1964 to 2013–2014, was developed. Simulation analyses were conducted by using the model to analyse the impact of monetary policy, fiscal policy and energy price policy; policy recommendations are also given. A significant increase in public expenditure for the development of infrastructure and the lowering of energy prices would significantly improve the availability and accessibility parameters of food security in Pakistan. The recent fall in energy prices will also be advantageous for both the availability as well as economic accessibility to food. Tight monetary policy for a limited time period may be helpful to control food inflation, but may also exert some minor adverse effects on food production. Moreover, monetary policy decisions must be taken while considering all sectors of the economy. The results of the study provide some important guidelines for national food security policy that may help in realising the UN’s Vision 2050.

scholarly journals National Food Security Act: A Relook

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Zara Fathima Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Life Cycle Approach ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Implementation Gaps ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rule Making ◽  
National Food Security

It has been four years since the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA) was passed, ample time for us to assess its impact on the food insecurity in India. The Act was initiated as an ambitious attempt to provide food security through a life-cycle approach, but over the years it has remained restricted to merely converting four schemes into legal entitlements. It has lost sight of its ultimate goal of providing „food security‟ and remains largely over occupied by food distribution. Additionally, core aspects of food production and management have been placed under schedule III, to be progressively realized, in other words "not imperative".The present paper shall critically analyze the concept of food security against the national Act. An attempt shall be made at highlighting the lacunae within the provisions of the Act, implementation gaps and operational inadequacies. Moreover, the interaction between the national law and the individual state rules and the impact of diverse state-specific factors on rule-making and ground-level implementation shall also be considered. The paper introduces the concept of food security and gives an overview of the NFSA. It also critically analyzes the provisions of the Act and highlights the gaps in food security therein. The paper concludes with recommendations as to how food security can be implemented in an effective way.

The Role of Research and Innovation in the Transformation of Agri-Food Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Mariana Sandu ◽  
Stefan Mantea
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Determinant Factor ◽  
Rapid Transformation

Abstract Agri-food systems include branching ramifications, which connect in the upstream the input suppliers with farmers, and downstream farmers, processors, retailers and consumers. In the last decades, at the level of the regions, food systems have undergone rapid transformation as a result of technological progress. The paper analyzes the changes made to the structure, behavior and performance of the agri-food system and the impact on farmers and consumers. Also, the role of agricultural research as a determinant factor of transformation of agri-food system is analyzed. The research objective is to develop technologies that cover the entire food chain (from farm to fork) and meet the specific requirements of consumers (from fork to farm) through scientific solutions in line with the principles of sustainable agriculture and ensuring the safety and food safety of the population.

scholarly journals Assessment of food trade impacts on water, food, and land security in the MENA region

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 557-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyun Lee ◽  
Rabi H. Mohtar ◽  
Seung-Hwan Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Domestic Food

Abstract. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has the largest water deficit in the world. It also has the least food self-sufficiency. Increasing food imports and decreasing domestic food production can contribute to water savings and hence to increased water security. However, increased domestic food production is a better way to achieve food security, even if irrigation demands an increase in accordance with projected climate changes. Accordingly, the trade-off between food security and the savings of water and land through food trade is considered to be a significant factor for resource management, especially in the MENA region. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the impact of food trade on food security and water–land savings in the MENA region. We concluded that the MENA region saved significant amounts of national water and land based on the import of four major crops, namely, barley, maize, rice, and wheat, within the period from 2000 to 2012, even if the food self-sufficiency is still at a low level. For example, Egypt imported 8.3 million t yr−1 of wheat that led to 7.5 billion m3 of irrigation water and 1.3 million ha of land savings. In addition, we estimated the virtual water trade (VWT) that refers to the trade of water embedded in food products and analyzed the structure of VWT in the MENA region using degree and eigenvector centralities. The study revealed that the MENA region focused more on increasing the volume of virtual water imported during the period 2006–2012, yet little attention was paid to the expansion of connections with country exporters based on the VWT network analysis.

scholarly journals State management of the national food security in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 08011
Author(s):  
Minh Duc Tran
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Food Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Issue ◽  
Storage Process ◽  
State Management ◽  
The Status ◽  
Production Value ◽  
National Food Security

Ensuring national food security for the present and future under any circumstance is a current urgent and complicated issue in Vietnam in the context of climate change, disease and in the process of striving Vietnam to become an industrialized country towards modernization. Ensuring food security has become a legal issue for every country, including Vietnam. To ensure national food security, there is a need for a state management. Therefore, this paper focuses on analyzing the status of regulations and applying the law in a state management of food security. Based on a comparison with the achievement of the goal of national food security in Vietnam, the article points out some of the current limitations and shortcomings in the State management of food security; then, proposes some solutions to improve the efficiency of the state management in this area, including: good management of planning production land for food; improve the state management apparatus of the national food security; increasing investment in infrastructure and scientific research serving food production; review the role and effectiveness of each stage in the food production value chain; improve policies to ensure a reasonable and stable profit for people who producer, storage, process and distribute food.

scholarly journals Urbanisation and Food Security: An Overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Uzair Azizan ◽  
Maryanti Mohd Raid ◽  
Khadijah Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Food Security

Urbanisation has given significant impact to various sectors, particularly in agriculture. Essentially, agricultural production activities depend heavily on land resources. At the same time, land is also needed as vital resources for the country development. Despite of the initiative of urbanism to better the country development process, it has raised concern among the land administrator regarding the status of the national’s food security. Food security has been threatened by the needs of the physical development due to urbanisation. Therefore, this article attempts to study the impact of urbanisation on the agriculture sector and examined the role of urbanism to safeguard the land resources for food security purposes. It is hope that, this article will form an inclusive understanding regarding the idea of urbanism in pursuing the betterment of an economic progress without compromising the needs for the national food security.

scholarly journals FOOD SECURITY AND PERFORMANCE OF RICE AGRIBUSINESS INSTITUTIONAL IN COASTAL AREAS OF SELUMA REGENCY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Sriyoto Sriyoto ◽  
Irnad Irnad ◽  
Bambang Sumantri ◽  
Basuki Sigit Priyono
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
National Development ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Institutional Performance ◽  
Regional Food ◽  
Household Food ◽  
And Performance ◽  
National Food Security

Food security in Indonesia has become a central issue in agricultural development and national development. The problem of food and food security cannot be separated from the context of rice. This is because rice is a staple food consumed by almost all Indonesians. Thus, the availability of rice is an important factor in strengthening national food security. The level of national food security, regional food security must be followed by the achievement of the level of resilience of villages, households and individuals. The role and performance of rice agribusiness institutions are important in the effort to achieve household food security for rice farmers. The objectives of this research are: 1) to analyze the food security level of farmers household; 2) to identify the determinants of food security level; 3) identifying the level of food security with the institutional performance of rice agribusiness. The results of this study indicate that the level of household food security is categorized as food resistance, the determinants of the level of food security are influenced by the number of family members and the income of rice farming. The food resistance category was followed by the institutional performance of PT. Pusri is very good, PT. Pertani is good, Bank of BRI is good, and farmer group institutions are moderate.

scholarly journals Increasing Student Awareness and Understanding of Food Security by Integrating a Service-learning Project into an Undergraduate Hydroponic Food Production Course

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-547
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Currey ◽  
Ann Marie VanDerZanden ◽  
Joshua J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Community Benefits ◽  
Food Quantity ◽  
The Impact

Food security is a growing global concern. To meet the needs of an ever-growing population, food production practices will need to evolve to maximize food quantity and quality. Controlled-environment food production has increased significantly in the United States over the past 5 years, and a component of that production includes hydroponic food crops. In an effort to better prepare a workforce with knowledge of hydroponic crop production, a new course was added to an existing greenhouse curriculum. A service-learning project was integrated in the course that allowed students to experience both growing crops hydroponically and volunteering at a local food bank with a free meal program. Self-assessment showed a significant increase in student confidence in understanding food security by the end of the course. There was also a significant knowledge gained in defining terminology, factors, and the impact of food security in a community. The three guided reflections students completed during the course identified four common themes relative to the course content and service-learning project including the following: community benefits, value of volunteering, local and global effects of food insecurity, and personal growth.

scholarly journals The impact of climate change and natural disasters on food security in Indonesia: lessons learned on preserving forests sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012090
Author(s):  
L R E Malau ◽  
A T Darhyati ◽  
Suharno
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract Food security is one of the main goals in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal’s (SDG’s). Food security, natural disasters, and climate change are thought to be interrelated. Climate change contributes to natural disasters such as floods, landslides, drought, land and forest fires, resulting in reduced food production, increased food prices, and disrupted access to food distribution. Ultimately, the impacts of climate change and natural disasters are one of the main causes of hunger and affect all dimensions of food security. This study aimed to analyze the impact of climate change, natural disasters, and other determinants on food security in Indonesia using the Tobit regression. The data used was from 33 provinces in 2010-2018. Climate change was proxied by rainfall, while natural disasters were proxied by the frequency of natural disasters and facility damage due to disasters. The results showed that food crop production, GRDP per capita, and the average years of schooling had a significant effect on increasing food security. Meanwhile, rainfall and deforestation had a significant effect on reducing food security. On the other hand, although not significant, the frequency and damage to facilities due to natural disasters harms food security. The results of this study confirmed the importance of preserving forest biodiversity as an effort to achieve food security as seen from the negative effects of rainfall and deforestation on food security. In this case, deforestation was one of the contributors to climate change which in turn had an impact on the intensity of natural disasters. To achieve food security for the achievement of the SDGs, policies to reduce deforestation or forest conversion need attention as one of the efforts to mitigate the impacts of climate change and natural disasters.

scholarly journals Transmigration as a Strategy for Strengthening National Food Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-107
Author(s):  
Mas Wedar Haryagung Adji ◽  
Santi Yulianti ◽  
Syifaa Tresnaningrum ◽  
Erna Gustina Norrista
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
The Government ◽  
Food Needs ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
National Food Security

Indonesia is one of the largest agricultural countries in Southeast Asia, but it is also struggling with food security issues. The government's challenge is to ensure that domestic food needs are fulfilled. The covid-19 pandemic exacerbated this challenge, where countries faced the threat of food shortages due to limited movement of goods. Thus, Indonesia should focus on increasing the production and productivity of strategic food commodities. One of the alternative solutions is through the transmigration program. This research focused on how the transmigration program can contribute to food security. The study was carried out through a descriptive qualitative method. The result shows that transmigration contributes to food security because of its similarity to the food production process. However, this program faces five main challenges to support food security. Therefore, this study shows several pre-conditions that the government needs to fulfill to overcome these challenges.

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