scholarly journals Rumen dry matter degradability of Yankasa rams fed Brachiaria ruziziensis (Congo grass) hay with different supplements

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-272
Author(s):  
I. Sani ◽  
S. S. Ahmad ◽  
A. Muhammed ◽  
A. Nuratu ◽  
S. H. Nuhu
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Supplementary Treatment ◽  
In Sacco

This study was carried out to determine rumen dry matter degradability of Brachiaria ruziziensis (Congo grass) by cannulated Yankasa rams fed different supplements (maize offal, wheat offal, groundnut hay). The research was carried out at Polycon Research farm, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi. Four (4) cannulated Yankasa rams were used for the study, each animal was replicated three times. In-sacco method involving small nylon bags containing experimental diets were inserted into the rumen of the cannulated rams at 0 hour, with inspection at 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. Three (3) nylon bags marked with different colours containing different treatment diets were inserted into the cannula of the rumen to test for degradability, the small nylon bags were removed at different hours (6, 12, 18 and 24 hours, respectively) to test their degradability. The supplementary treatment diets were wheat offal (WO), Maize Offal (MO) and Groundnut Hay (GH) while Brachiaria ruziziensis was fed as basal diet. The rumen degradability showed significant difference (P<0.05) across the treatments at different hours. Results from this study showed that MO had the highest value (P<0.05) at 0 (27.20%), 6 (36.75%), 12 (38.62%) and 18 (46.15%) hours. However, WO had the highest value (64.72%) at 24 hours, but the value obtained was similar with 61.32% obtained for rams fed maize offal supplement. It was concluded from the result of this study that treatment T2 (Brachiaria ruziziensis + Maize offal) had the best rumen degradability. Itis therefore, recommended that maize offal should be supplemented with Brachiaria ruziziensis hay at 370g/day for better rumen degradabilit y in ruminant animals.

scholarly journals Effect of Gamma Irradiation of Local Brachiaria Ruziziensis (Germain & Evrard) Seeds on Agronomic Performance and Yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-17
Author(s):  
Ann I. Hoka ◽  
Michael Gicheru ◽  
Syprine Otieno ◽  
Hezekiah Korir
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Mutant Lines

Appropriate methods of mutation induction are of high importance in pastures for increased genetic variability and improved performance. The objective of this research was to improve the agronomic and nutritive performance of mutant lines (M7) through induced mutagenesis to seeds of a local landrace Brachiaria ruziziensis. The seeds were irradiated with 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40Gy doses of gamma radiation from Cobalt 60 (60Co).  Treatments were; KE 0Gy, KE 10Gy, KE 20Gy, KE 30Gy and KE 40Gy resulting into M1 seeds. The M1 seeds were planted in the greenhouse in germination pots for one month and the seedlings transplanted to the field. Seeds of M6 plants (M7 seeds) were used to establish field experiment in a completely randomized block design, with three replications. Parameters measured included; tillering, leaf-stem ratio, dry matter weight, and seed weight. Data collected was analyzed using the SAS package. Mutant lines exhibited better agronomic performance compared to the wild type. Performance increased with increased gamma-ray exposure with 40Gy treatment outperforming all other treatments whereas the control performed dismally. There was a significant difference (P0.05) in the dry matter with 40Gy treatment having the highest values of dry matter yields, whereas control had the lowest values. Application of nuclear technology to other grasses would lead to increased biomass and improved nutrition for increased animal productivity leading to food and nutrition security.

Effects of fodder beet on rumen metabolism

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Sabri ◽  
N. W. Offer ◽  
D. J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Forage ◽  
In Sacco

ABSTRACTTwo experiments were carried out with sheep, to characterize fodder beet in terms of its effects on rumen function. In experiment A, a study was made of the effects of supplementing hay with fodder beet (FB) on rumen pH and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration compared with two control supplements of either barley/maize (BM) or molassed sugar-beet shreds (SBP). Hay was offered with all three supplements in a 50: 50 ratio on a dry matter (DM) basis. The mean rumen pH for the fodder beet diet was 6·34 and intermediate between two controls (BM 6·20 and SBP 6·38). There was no significant difference in rumen concentration of total VFA for the three different diets (FB, SBP and BM) but there were highly significant effects due to diet for acetic and propionic acid molar proportions (P< 0·001). Molar proportion of propionic acid for diets FB, BM and SBP were 0·2064, 0·2221 and 01880 respectively. The loss of DM from nylon bags incubated in the rumen of sheep given the test diets was 471, 447 and 486 g/kg for FB, BM and SBP respectively. In experiment B, the rate ofin saccoorganic matter (OM) disappearance of the three supplements were compared in sheep given a constant high forage diet (900 g/day hay DM + 200 g/day compound food DM). There were highly significant differences in rates of OM disappearances for the supplements (P< 0·001). The losses of OM measured after 3 h incubation in the rumen were 767, 608, 378 and 236 g/kg for fodder beet, barley/maize, molassed sugar-beet shreds and hay respectively.

Effect of crop type and processing on the in sacco dry matter degradability of alkali-preserved whole-crop cereals in dairy cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 231-231
Author(s):  
M.H. Roodsary ◽  
A. Younger
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Continuous Access ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Crop Maturity ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
In Sacco

Little information is available on the dry matter degradability of whole-crop cereals and their components (Hill and Leaver 1994). In this experiment, the in sacco degradability of the DM of four cereal crops was determined, and the effect of physical alteration of whole-crops and their component parts was investigated.Winter sown crops of wheat (var.Riband) and barley (var.Marinka) and spring sown crops of wheat (var.Axona) and barley (var.Tyne) were cut at the “hard dough” stage of crop maturity and preserved with urea at 40 g kgDM-1 in plastic silos. The in sacco DM degradability of samples of these crops was determined in two fistulated dairy cows (Jerseys, mean liveweight 450 kg) using the method of Paine, Crawshaw and Barber (1982). The cows were fed alfalfa cubes (16% protein) and meadow grass hay, each at 3 kg d-1, and had continuous access to water.

Magnesium metabolism in the dairy cow V. Experimental observations with a purified diet low in magnesium

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Storry ◽  
J. A. F. Rook
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Low Magnesium ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Rapid Fall ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

1. An artificial diet low in magnesium (0·01–0·02% of the dry matter), and providing about 0·5 g. magnesium daily, was prepared from paper pulp, maize gluten, magnesium-free minerals and vitamins A and D and used in experimental studies with two non-lactating cows.2. The omission of a dietary supplement of magnesium oxide (5 g./day) caused a rapid fall in the excretion of magnesium in the urine, from values of 1–2 g./day to virtually zero within about 4 days. There was a similar rapid fall in the concentration of magnesium in the serum, from about 2·7 to 2·0 mg./lOO ml., and then a slow fall to between 1·0 and 1·5 mg./lOO ml. after 12 days. Faecal excretion of magnesium was also reduced but the faecal loss continued at about 1·0 g./day after 2–3 days on the low magnesium diet.3. The availability of the magnesium of various salts was determined by giving them as supplements to the basal diet and measuring the increase in the excretion of magnesium in the urine. The mean value was 26·2% in one cow and 34·5% in the other, a highly significant difference (P < 0·01). The availabilities of the oxide, nitrate, acetate and lactate were similar, but the citrate gave a higher value and the sulphate, silicate and, in one cow, the chloride a lower value.

Effect of crop type and processing on the in sacco dry matter degradability of alkali-preserved whole-crop cereals in dairy cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 231-231
Author(s):  
M.H. Roodsary ◽  
A. Younger
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Continuous Access ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Crop Maturity ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
In Sacco

Little information is available on the dry matter degradability of whole-crop cereals and their components (Hill and Leaver 1994). In this experiment, the in sacco degradability of the DM of four cereal crops was determined, and the effect of physical alteration of whole-crops and their component parts was investigated.Winter sown crops of wheat (var.Riband) and barley (var.Marinka) and spring sown crops of wheat (var.Axona) and barley (var.Tyne) were cut at the “hard dough” stage of crop maturity and preserved with urea at 40 g kgDM-1 in plastic silos. The in sacco DM degradability of samples of these crops was determined in two fistulated dairy cows (Jerseys, mean liveweight 450 kg) using the method of Paine, Crawshaw and Barber (1982). The cows were fed alfalfa cubes (16% protein) and meadow grass hay, each at 3 kg d-1, and had continuous access to water.

Potensi Covercrop Kebun Sawit Sebagai Sumber Pakan Hijauan Ternak Ruminansia Pada Musim Kemarau di Pelalawan, Riau

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan A. Gopar ◽  
S. Martono ◽  
Muhamad N. Rofiq ◽  
Windu N.
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Line Intercept

The objective of this experiment was to obtain forage/ cover crops productivity and carrying capacity for ruminant animals in Pelalawan Regency, Riau in the dry season. Data were collected from civil palm oil plantations at the aged 7, 10 and 14 years in the end of dry season with a destructive sampling method. Sampling used line intercept method which every hectare were picked 10 points by using a pair of 1 m2 sized quadrant. The result showed that the number of vegetations/ cover crops in oil palm plantations aged 7, 10 and 14 years was 42 types.The proportion of forage which consist grass, legume and ferns was diverse at each age of oil palm plantations. Forage production under oil palm plantations aged 7, 10 and 14 years were 2,571 kg/ha, 1479.76 kg/ha and 1417.22 kg/ha as fed and amounted to 811.41 kg/ ha, 471, 15 kg/ ha and 456.91 kg/ ha in the dry matter production. Average carrying capacities of oil palm plantations aged 7, 10 and 14 years was 0.36 Animal units (AU)/ha/year, 0.21 AU/ha/year and 0.20 AU/ ha/year.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi jumlah covercrop dan kapasitas tampungnya di kebun sawit sebagai sumber pakan hijauan ruminansia pada musim kemarau di kabupaten Pelalawan, Riau. Pengambilan data dilakukan di perkebunan kelapa sawit yang berumur 7, 10 dan 14 tahun milik rakyat pada akhir musim kemarau. Pengambilan sampel dengan destructive sampling method menggunakan metode garis berpetak memakai kuadran berukuran 1m2 dengan jumlah sampel tiap area sebanyak 10 titik. Berdasar hasil pengukuran diperoleh hasil jumlah vegetasi/ covercrop yang ada di kebun sawit berumur 7, 10 dan 14 tahun sebanyak 42 jenis yang bervariasi tiap umur tanaman sawit. Proporsi hijauan yang ada meliputi jenis rumput, legume dan paku-pakuan bervariasi pada tiap umur kebun sawit. Produksi hijauan yang ada di bawah kebun sawit berumur 7, 10 dan 14 tahun berturut-turut 2.571 kg/ha, 1.479,76 kg/ha dan 1.417,22 kg/ha dalam bentuk segar serta sebesar 811,41 kg/ha, 471,15 kg/ha dan 456,91 kg/ha dalam bahan kering. Kapasitas tampung dari kebun sawit berumur 7, 10 dan 14 tahun adalah 0,36 satuan ternak (ST)/ha, 0,21 ST/ha dan 0,20 ST/ha.Keywords: cover crops, oil palm plantation, forage, ruminant, dry season, Pelalawan

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Growth and Development of Hybrid Maize Cultivar HQPM 1 in Mid-Hills of Meghalaya

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMBORLANG K. WANNIANG ◽  
A. K. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Graduate Studies ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Maize Cultivar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hybrid Maize

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2011 on experimental farm of the College of Post Graduate Studies (CAU–Imphal), Umiam (Meghalaya) to evaluate the effect of integration of green manuring, FYM and fertilizers as integrated nutrient management (INM) practices on growth and developmental behaviour of quality protein maize cultivar QPM 1. The data revealed that comparatively higher amount of primary nutrients were added in green manured maize plots in comparison to non green manured treatments. Green manuring also left a positive response on plant height, CGR, RGR leaf area, and dry matter accumulation in plants though the difference between green manured and non-green manured treatments was at par. Treatments 75 % RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1, 50 % RDF + 7.5 t FYM ha-1, 100 % RDF ha-1 and 75 % RDF + 2.5 t FYM ha-1 recorded significantly higher values of all the above said growth parameters over 50 % RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 and control treatments. At all stages of observations, the maximum dry matter was associated with RDF (recommended doses of fertilizers) which was at par with 75 % RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1, but significantly higher over the plant dry weight recorded from all remaining treatments. A Significant difference in CGR at 30 – 60 and 60 – 90 DAS stage and in RGR at 90 DAS - harvest stage was observed due to various combinations of recommended dose of fertilizer with different doses of FYM. Number of days taken to attain the stages of 50% tasselling, silking and maturity did not differ significantly due to green manuring. However, treatment 75 % RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 took significantly lesser number of days for these stages than other treatment combinations. The superiority of the treatment 75 % RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 indicated a possibility of substituting 25% of RDF with 5 t FYM ha-1 without any loss in dry matter accumulation in plants of the quality protein hybrid maize in mid-hill ecosystems of Meghalaya.

scholarly journals The nitrogen topdressing mode of indica-japonica and indica hybrid rice are different after side-deep fertilization with machine transplanting

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Wang ◽  
Yaliang Wang ◽  
Yuping Zhang ◽  
Jing Xiang ◽  
Yikai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Quick Release ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle

AbstractDetermination of the optimal fertilization method is crucial to maximize nitrogen use efficiency and yield of different rice cultivars. Side-deep fertilization with controlled-release nitrogen, in conjunction with machine transplanting and subsequent topdressing, was applied to Indica–japonica hybrid rice ‘Yongyou1540’ (YY1540) and indica hybrid rice ‘Tianyouhuazhan’ (TYHZ). Four nitrogen treatments were applied in 2018 and 2019: traditional nitrogen application with quick-release nitrogen (T1), single-dose deep fertilization at transplanting with 100% controlled-release nitrogen (T2), and deep fertilization of 70% controlled-release nitrogen and topdressing of 30% quick nitrogen at tillering (T3), or at panicle initiation (T4). Side-deep fertilization reduced the fertilizer application frequency without causing yield loss, T4 enhanced the yield of YY1540 by increasing the number of productive tillers and number of spikelets per panicle compared with T1, T2 and T3. The yield of TYHZ showed no significant difference among treatments. The T4 treatment decreased the number of tillers at the tilling peak stage and increased the percentage productive tillers and number of differentiated spikelets. Compared with the other treatments, T4 increased dry matter accumulation and leaf area index during panicle initiation and grain ripening, and contributed to enhanced nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization in YY1540. On average, nitrogen uptake and utilization in YY1540 were highest in T4, but no significant differences among treatments were observed in TYHZ. Dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake from panicle initiation to heading of YY1540 were correlated with number of spikelets per panicle, but no significant correlations were observed for TYHZ. Supplementary topdressing with quick-release nitrogen at the panicle initiation stage was required to increase yield of indica–japonica hybrid rice, whereas single-dose deep fertilization with controlled-release nitrogen is satisfactory for the indica hybrid cultivar.

scholarly journals Study of the Soil—Plant (Carrot)—Animal Cycle of Nutritive and Hazardous Minerals in a Rabbit Model

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bersényi ◽  
S. Fekete ◽  
I. Hullár ◽  
I. Kádár ◽  
M. Szilágyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

Carrots were grown on soils polluted by heavy metal salts. Each particular microelement reached a high concentration [molybdenum (Mo) 39.00, cadmium (Cd) 2.30, lead (Pb) 4.01, mercury (Hg) 30.00, and selenium (Se) 36.20 mg/kg dry matter] in the carrot. In a metabolic balance trial conducted with 15 male and 15 female New Zealand White rabbits, the control animals (n = 5) were fed ad libitum with concentrate as basal diet, while the other rabbits received the basal diet and carrots containing the particular microelement. Blood samples were taken to determine the activity of serum enzymes. To investigate the metabolism of Mo, Cd, Pb, Hg and Se, samples were taken from the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, spleen, ovaries/testicles, entire digestive tract, adipose tissue, femur, hair, faeces and urine. Carrot had significantly higher digestibility for all nutrients than the rabbit concentrate. Carrot samples of high Pb content had the lowest digestibility of crude protein. The microelements differed in their rate of accumulation in the organs examined: Mo and Cd accumulated in the kidneys, Pb in the kidneys, liver, bones and lungs, Hg in the kidneys and liver, while Se in the liver, kidneys and heart. The proportions of microelements eliminated from the body either via the faeces and urine (Mo 80.18% and Se 47.41%) or via the faeces (Cd 37.86%, Pb 66.39%, Hg 64.65%) were determined. Pathohistological examination revealed that the rate of spermatogenesis was reduced in the Mo, Cd, Pb and Hg groups compared to the control. Lead, Cd and Hg intake resulted in a considerable decrease in gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and in an increase of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity because of damages to the kidneys and bones. All experimental treatments decreased the activity of cholinesterase (CHE) because of lesions in the liver.

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