Effects of fodder beet on rumen metabolism

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Sabri ◽  
N. W. Offer ◽  
D. J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Forage ◽  
In Sacco

ABSTRACTTwo experiments were carried out with sheep, to characterize fodder beet in terms of its effects on rumen function. In experiment A, a study was made of the effects of supplementing hay with fodder beet (FB) on rumen pH and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration compared with two control supplements of either barley/maize (BM) or molassed sugar-beet shreds (SBP). Hay was offered with all three supplements in a 50: 50 ratio on a dry matter (DM) basis. The mean rumen pH for the fodder beet diet was 6·34 and intermediate between two controls (BM 6·20 and SBP 6·38). There was no significant difference in rumen concentration of total VFA for the three different diets (FB, SBP and BM) but there were highly significant effects due to diet for acetic and propionic acid molar proportions (P< 0·001). Molar proportion of propionic acid for diets FB, BM and SBP were 0·2064, 0·2221 and 01880 respectively. The loss of DM from nylon bags incubated in the rumen of sheep given the test diets was 471, 447 and 486 g/kg for FB, BM and SBP respectively. In experiment B, the rate ofin saccoorganic matter (OM) disappearance of the three supplements were compared in sheep given a constant high forage diet (900 g/day hay DM + 200 g/day compound food DM). There were highly significant differences in rates of OM disappearances for the supplements (P< 0·001). The losses of OM measured after 3 h incubation in the rumen were 767, 608, 378 and 236 g/kg for fodder beet, barley/maize, molassed sugar-beet shreds and hay respectively.

scholarly journals Utilization of low-quality roughage byBos taurusandBos indicuscattle

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hunter ◽  
B. D. Siebert
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

1. In a number of experiments voluntary food intake of three low-quality roughages, either alone or supplemented with rumen-degradable nitrogen and sulphur and minerals, was measured in Brahman (Bos indicus) and Hereford (Bos taurus) steers. The chaffed hays were Spear grass (Heteropogon conform) (6.2 g N/kg organic matter (OM)), Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) (7.9 g N/kg OM), and Pangola grass (12.0 g N/kg OM). Rumen characteristics relating to rate of fluid outflow from the rumen were also determined.2. There was no significant difference between breeds in the dry-matter intakes of the unsupplemented diets which ranged from 11.3 to 17.8 g/kg body-weight (BW) by Herefords and from 11.8 to 16.1 g/kg BW by Brahmans.3. Supplementation of Spear grass with N and S significantly (P < 0.05) increased intake by Herefords (24%) but not by Brahmans. When the lower-N Pangola grass was supplemented there was a significant increase in intake by both breeds with the magnitude of the response in Herefords (42%) (P < 0.001) being greater than that in Brahmans (15%) (P < 0.05). The intakes of both the supplemented Spear grass and the lower-N Pangola diets were significantly (P < 0.05) greater by Herefords than Brahmans. There was no breed difference in intake when the higher-N Pangola grass was supplemented. Both breeds recorded an 8% intake response to supplementation, although the increase was only significant (P < 0.05) in Herefords.4. The mean retention time of fluid in the rumen on the unsupplemented Pangola grass diet of lower N content was 12.7 h in Brahmans compared with 17.5 h in Herefords (P < 0.01). When the higher-N Pangola was fed, both alone and supplemented, the mean retention times were similar on both diets (10.5 and 9.9 h for Herefords; 9.5 and 8.1 h for Brahmans for unsupplemented and supplemented diets respectively).5. Plasma urea concentrations were higher in Brahmans than in Herefords on all diets. Rumen ammonia concentrations were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in Brahmans than Herefords when the lower-N Pangola grass diet was unsupplemented.6. The intakes and the variable intake responses to supplementation between breeds and diets are discussed in relation to a number of animal and dietary factors.

The effect of root feeding on the intake and production of dairy cows

1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Castle ◽  
A. D. Drysdale ◽  
R. Waite
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Grassland Conservation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Made In

SummarySince grassland conservation crops are normally bulky fibrous feeds and often limit the appetite and nutrient intake of dairy cows, a feeding trial was made in which a basal ration of hay and grass silage was compared with similar rations containing roots. Three rations were compared in a 12–week winter feeding trial using twelve Ayrshire cows. Ration A consisted of 8 lb of hay and 65 lb of grass silage daily, whilst rations B and C contained 30 and 60 lb of fodder-beet, respectively, in addition. With all three rations concentrates were given at 3½ lb per 10 lb of milk. The total weights of dry matter consumed per day were 29·1, 32·5 and 35·4 lb, respectively, for rations A, B and C and were significantly different. For every 1 lb of additional fodder-beet dry matter eaten the decline in the amount of basal feeds consumed was 0·45 lb. The largest effect was on the silage which fell from 10·8 lb of silage dry matter per day for ration A to 8·8 lb for ration B and 6·8 lb for ration C.The weight of starch equivalent (S.E.) given per day increased significantly from 18·1 lb for treatment A to 22·2 lb for treatment C, whilst at the same time the total weight of crude fibre and lignin eaten decreased significantly in the rations containing fodder-beet.The mean daily milk yields for rations A, B and C were 37·4, 39·2 and 38·5 lb, respectively, with a response of 0·9 lb milk per 1 lb of extra S.E. given between rations A and B but no further response between rations B and C. The fat percentages of the milk were not significantly different for the three rations whereas the solidsnot-fat (S.N.F.) varied significantly from 8·58% for ration A to 8·77% for ration C— a response of 0·05% S.N.F. for each additional 1 lb of S.E. The change in the S.N.F. was mainly in the protein fraction of the milk. The cows were significantly heavier when on ration C than when on ration A.The effect of feeding roots on the appetite of the cow and on the resulting milk quality, and the problems of growing roots on intensively managed grassland farms are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Agronomic performance and nutritive value of millet silages

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 34430
Author(s):  
Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽  
Daniel Ananias De Assis Pires ◽  
Diogo Gonzaga Jayme ◽  
Renê Ferreira Costa ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
The North ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Silage Production

 The objective of this study was to assess agronomic characteristics and nutritional values of silages of millet genotypes. Planting was done in randomized blocks, with five replicates per genotype. Green matter yield for genotypes ADR 500 and CMS 01 was higher and similar to each other, with 40.16 and 41.36 t ha (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference for dry matter yield, with the mean being 9.93 t ha (p > 0.05). The silages were similar (p > 0.05) as to pH, Aw and N-NH3/TN, presenting values of 3.92, 0.97 and 7.64%, respectively. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) concerning the bromatological composition of the silages of the different genotypes, with a mean of 30.74% of dry matter, 10.21% for crude protein and 58.69% for neutral detergent fiber (p > 0.05). The dry matter digestibility mean stood at 59.90%. Based on the nutritional values and digestibility of the millet silages, the five genotypes are suitable for silage production, with potential for the North of Minas Gerais.   

Yield parameters of Beta beets as a basis to estimate the biogas yield

2014 ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Starke ◽  
Christa Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
N Application ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Rates

High biogas yields are expected from sugar beet because of its high root yield. But it has not been analysed yet, which varieties are best suited to reach the highest biogas yield. The study thus aimed at identifying a parameter to estimate the biogas yield of sugar beet. To get a broad variation of yields and beet qualities, field trials were conducted from 2008 to 2011 at 2 sites (Göttingen and Regensburg, Germany) with different sugar beet varieties and fodder beet. Different N application rates were included and furthermore, autumn sown beets (winter beet). Dry matter composition was analyzed, biogas yield and methane concentration were determined in batch experiments. Sugar beet reached root dry matter yields of more than 20tha–1 and thereby exceeded fodder beet. Moderate N application increased root dry matter yield, whereas higher N rates only enhanced the leaf dry matter yield. But most likely, leaves will not be considered for fermentation because of their low concentration of dry matter and organic dry matter. Winter beet reached total dry matter yields of 12tha–1, but dry matter was not as easily digestible as that of spring sown beets. Biogas yield showed a close linear relation to the root dry matter and the sugar yield as well. Sugar beet varieties can therefore be assessed for anaerobic digestion by their sugar yield. As sugar yield is already the main target, breeding for biogas beets will not be substantially different from that for beets used for sugar manufacture.

The utilization of dried forage crops by growing ruminants

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
M. J. Owers ◽  
H. Swan ◽  
B. Wilton
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

SUMMARYMixtures (1: 1) of whole-crop dried wheat or barley, with peas or beans as a nitrogen supplement, were fed ad libitum to four groups of 16 6-mo-old male castrate sheep for a period of 42 days in 1971. The mean dry-matter consumptions (kg/day) and live-weight gains (g/day) were: wheat+peas 1·69, 264; wheat+beans 2·05, 288; barley+peas 1·80, 282; and barley+beans 1·81, 229. This experiment was repeated in 1972. The differences between treatments were non-significant.Dried pelleted whole-crop maize was fed ad libitum to British Friesian steers for 90 days, in conjunction with molasses and one of three protein sources, soya bean meal, urea or whole crop beans. The dry-matter intakes (kg/day) and live-weight gains (kg) were: maize+soya 9·68, 1·26; maize+urea 9·38, 10·4; and maize+beans 9·72, 1·15.Dried maize in conjunction with urea, whole crop beans and dried grass to supply crude protein levels between 9 and 11% was fed to 48 Hereford × British Friesian steers. The dry-matter intakes (kg/day) and live-weight gains (kg/day) were: whole crop maize, 8·35, 0·87; whole crop maize+urea, 9·55, 1·0; whole crop maize+whole crop beans, 7·44, 0·70; whole crop maize+dried grass, 8·94, 1·15; whole crop maize+rolled barley, 9·30, 1·23; and dried grass + rolled barley, 9·24, 1·21. Although there was no significant difference in live-weight gain between the treatments, two levels of performance were apparent.

scholarly journals Dynamics of sugar beet root, crown and leaves mass with regard to plant densities and spring nitrogen fertilization

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Ivana Varga ◽  
Zdenko Lončarić ◽  
Milan Pospišil ◽  
Mirta Rastija ◽  
Manda Antunović
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sugar Beet Root

This study analyzes the dynamics of sugar beet root, crown, and leaves fresh and dry matter (FM and DM, respectively) accumulation per plant and their mass ratio at different plant densities and nitrogen fertilization. The biennial field trials were set as four different planting densities (60,000, 80,000, 100,000 and 140,000 plants ha-1) and three methods of nitrogen application in spring: control – without nitrogen fertilization (N0), presowing only (N1), and presowing with topdressing (N2). Close to the maturation, the mean DM of the whole root, crown, and leaves on September 20, 2014 amounted to 28.8, 7.3 and 4.0 t ha-1, respectively, whereas it amounted to 20.7, 4.1 and 2.3 t ha-1 in 2015, respectively. Moreover, with regard to the plant densities, the highest root DM was at 140,000 and 100,000 (31.6 t ha-1 in 2014 and 22.4 t ha-1 in 2015), compared to the wider plant densities of 80,000 and 60,000 plants ha-1 (22.4 t ha-1 in 2014 and 18.1 t ha-1 in 2015). Nitrogen fertilization positively influenced on dry matter accumulation, but it was different within the years. On September 20, 2014, a presowing fertilization (N1) increased the root DM by 17%, compared to the control, whereas in 2015 the presowing with topdressing (N2) increased the root DM by 30%. The root-to-leaves FM ratio amounted to 1:3.9 on May 30, 2014, whereas it amounted to 1:0.1 on September 20, 2014. The leaves FM was at its largest on June 20, 2015, when the root-to-leaves ratio amounted to 1:1.1, and gradually decreased to 1:0.1 on September 20, 2015.

The effect of the replacement of concentrates by roots on the intake and production of dairy cows

1963 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Castle ◽  
A. D Drysdale ◽  
R. Waite ◽  
J. N. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Level ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Continuous Presence ◽  
Root Feeding ◽  
Daily Milk

SummaryTo investigate the effect of replacing part of the concentrates by roots, a 16-week winter-feeding experiment was made using twelve Ayrshire cows. All the cows received 8 lb of hay per day and enough grass silage for a measurable residue to be left at each feed. Two rations were supplemented with 45 lb of fodder-beet per day but the other two contained no roots. At each level of root feeding, concentrates were fed at either 3·50 or 1·75 lb per 10 lb of milk.All the fodder-beet was eaten (8·4 lb dry matter) and, as this caused a reduction in the intake of silage dry matter of only 3·4 lb per day, there was a net increase in drymatter intake. The level of concentrate feeding had little effect on the intake of the other feeds. Rations which included roots contained significantly less crude fibre than rations without roots.The mean daily milk yields for the treatments with the low and high concentrate levels were 29·5 and 33·9 lb, respectively, without roots and 31·8 and 35·8 lb with roots. The fat percentages of the milk were similar on all four treatments whereas the solids-not-fat (S.N.F.) increased significantly from 8·42% on the treatment without roots and low concentrates to 8·64% on the treatment with roots and high concentrates. The response per 1 lb of extra S.E. was 1·0 lb milk and 0·02% S.N.F. between the low and high concentrate treatments and 0·7 lb milk and 0·05% S.N.F. between the two root treatments. The analysis of milk from individual quarters of all the cows during each period showed the continuous presence of some subclinical mastitis. It was estimated that this lowered the general level of S.N.F. percentage by 0·2% but did not bias the results from any one feeding treatment. For milk from healthy quarters only, the response to 1 lb extra S.E. from concentrates was 0·03% S.N.F. and from beet it was 0·08% S.N.F.

Digestion, rumen fermentation and circulating concentrations of insulin, growth hormone and IGF-1 in steers given maize silages harvested at three stages of maturity

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Juniper ◽  
E. M. Browne ◽  
M. J. Bryant ◽  
D. E. Beever
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Total Digestion ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dorsal Sac ◽  
Hormone Pulses

AbstractAdvancing maturity of forage maize is associated with increases in the proportion of dry matter (DM) and starch and decreases in the proportions of structural carbohydrates in the ensiled crop. Three maize silages (286 (low, L), 329 (medium, M) and 379 (high, H) g DM per kg fresh weight) plus a concentrate formulated to give isonitrogenous intakes were offered to Holstein-Friesian steers fitted with a cannula in the dorsal sac of the rumen and a ‘T’ piece cannula in the proximal duodenum in an experiment with a cross-over design that allowed four collection periods. Nutrient flow to the duodenum was estimated using chromium-EDTA. Steers consumed approximately 0·6 kg DM per day less of diet L compared with the other two diets (P=0·026), resulting in less DM being digested (P=0·005) but digestibility did not differ between diets. Similar results were obtained for organic matter. There were no differences between diets in the intake or digestibility of neutral-detergent fibre. Intake, duodenal flow and faecal output of starch were greater for steers offered diets M and H compared with those given diet L (P<0·05). In all diets rumen digestion contributed to over 90% of total digestion of starch, although rumen digestibility declined significantly with advancing maize maturity (P=0·002). Molar proportions of acetic acid were higher in diet H (P<0·05) whilst proportions of propionic acid and n-butyric acid were higher in diets M and L. There were no significant differences between diets in mean rumen pH or ammonia concentrations. Mean circulating concentrations of insulin were higher (P=0·009) in cattle given diets L and M compared with diet H. There were no differences between diets in the mean circulating concentration of growth hormone, or the frequency, amplitude and duration of growth hormone pulses, or the mean circulating concentrations of IGF-1. Changes in forage composition that accompany advancing maize maturity affect overall silage digestion and circulating concentrations of insulin.

Magnesium metabolism in the dairy cow V. Experimental observations with a purified diet low in magnesium

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Storry ◽  
J. A. F. Rook
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Low Magnesium ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Rapid Fall ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

1. An artificial diet low in magnesium (0·01–0·02% of the dry matter), and providing about 0·5 g. magnesium daily, was prepared from paper pulp, maize gluten, magnesium-free minerals and vitamins A and D and used in experimental studies with two non-lactating cows.2. The omission of a dietary supplement of magnesium oxide (5 g./day) caused a rapid fall in the excretion of magnesium in the urine, from values of 1–2 g./day to virtually zero within about 4 days. There was a similar rapid fall in the concentration of magnesium in the serum, from about 2·7 to 2·0 mg./lOO ml., and then a slow fall to between 1·0 and 1·5 mg./lOO ml. after 12 days. Faecal excretion of magnesium was also reduced but the faecal loss continued at about 1·0 g./day after 2–3 days on the low magnesium diet.3. The availability of the magnesium of various salts was determined by giving them as supplements to the basal diet and measuring the increase in the excretion of magnesium in the urine. The mean value was 26·2% in one cow and 34·5% in the other, a highly significant difference (P < 0·01). The availabilities of the oxide, nitrate, acetate and lactate were similar, but the citrate gave a higher value and the sulphate, silicate and, in one cow, the chloride a lower value.

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