Immune response kinetics in Nigerian indigenous chickens challenged with attenuated Salmonella

Salmonella infection is a major cause of death in chickens and this disease can be transferred through meat and egg to humans. The use of antibiotics and vaccines in the prevention and control of this infection are not totally efficient and also have their side effects. Therefore, genetic control is a better approach in finding a lasting solution. One hundred and ten chickens (4th generation) comprising the three genotypes of Nigerian indigenous chickens(NIC) that had shown divergent response (high vs low) to sheep red blood cells antigens were used in this study to investigate the immune response kinetics in NIC after challenged with attenuated Salmonella. There were six classes namely, high titre normal, low titre normal, high titre frizzle, low titre frizzle, high titre naked neck and low titre naked neck. Haematological parameters: packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb),red blood cells count (RBC), white blood cells count (WBC), heterophils (H), lymphocytes (L), eosinophils (E), basophils (B), monocytes (M) and heterophils-lymphocytes ratio (HLR) were used to assess the immune responses of the chickens and data collected were subjected to General Linear Model procedure of SAS 9.2 version. The results showed that genotypeantibody titre had significant effect (p<0.05) on the immune response parameters but sex had no significant effect (p>0.05), while sex by genotype-antibody titre interaction had significant effect (p<0.05). The immune response kinetics of the chickens after challenge with attenuated Salmonella was shown by the significance of the effect of days of blood collection after challenge. High titre naked neck chickens recorded the highest PCV, Hb and RBC values while genotype-antibody titre had no significant effect (p>0.05) on the rest of the parameters. Low titre naked neck males recorded the highest PCV, HB and RBC values while the rest of the parameters were not significant (p>0.05). Generally, days had significant effect (p<0.05) on all the immune response parameters except on H, L and HLR. The study showed that the high titre naked neck males were least affected by the Salmonella vaccine in terms of decrease in packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and red blood cell count while the low titre normal females were most affected.

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Impact of parity and gestational age of mothers with hypertension on birth weight, red blood cells and mode of delivery of their babies

African Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ahs.v19i4.25 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 3038-3044

Author(s):

Helen Chioma Okoye ◽

Chilota Chibuife Efobi ◽

Josephat Maduabuchi Chinawa ◽

Odutola Israel Odetunde ◽

Awoere Tamunosiki Chinawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Cell Volume ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Packed Cell Volume ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Poor Correlation ◽

Hypertensive Group ◽

The Impact

Background: Maternal factors are determinants of birth outcome which includes birth weight, haematological indices and mode of delivery of their babies.Objectives: To determine the impact of parity and gestational age of hypertensive mothers on some neonatal variables.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study of measurement of neonatal variables (birth weight, red blood cells and mode of delivery) among hypertensive mothers and their controls was conducted over a period of six months. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program (SPSS), version 20.Results: There were statistically significant differences in means between the neonates of the hypertensive group and non-hypertensive group for maternal age (t =1.61, p = 0.002), baby weight (t =2.87, p < 0.001), haemoglobin (Hb) (t =4.65, p = 0.010) and packed cell volume (PCV) (t =4.75, p = 0.009), but none for gravidity (t =1.95, p = 0.927)For all subjects, there was poor correlation between gestational age and variables; birth weight , haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), nucleated red blood cell (nRBC) and parity. Likewise, parity poorly correlated with variables; age, birth weight, Hb, PCV, and nRBC. There was a statistically significant association between mode of delivery and hypertension (χ2 =53.082, p <0.001) but none with having a family history of hypertension (χ2 =1.13, p = 0.287).Conclusion: Parity and gestational age of mothers with hypertension have no impact on birth weight and red cells when compared with their non-hypertensive counterparts. However, mothers of babies delivered by elective and emergency caesarean section were about 2-3 times more likely to be hypertensive than those that delivered through spontaneous vertex delivery.Keywords: Hypertension; neonate; gestational age; parity.

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Effect of Halothane and Enflurane Anaesthesia on the Level of Reduced Glutathione in Human Red Blood Cells

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.1177/0310057x8000800313 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 356-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N. S. Agar ◽

G. B. H. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Cell Volume ◽

Packed Cell Volume ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Haemoglobin Concentration ◽

Red Cell ◽

Anaesthetic Agents ◽

Human Red Blood Cells ◽

Enflurane Anaesthesia ◽

Before And After

No significant changes were found in packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and red cell glutathione levels in patients before and after anaesthesia with halothane or enflurane. These results, though unable to explain the mechanism, support the earlier suggestion that glutathione plays little, if any, role in protecting liver against toxic effects of these anaesthetic agents or their metabolites.

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Comparative effect of genotype and season on the haematological profile of two laying chicken strains in southwest Nigeria

Agricultura tropica et subtropica ◽

10.2478/ats-2020-0002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

Young Imienwain Irivboje ◽

Adeboye Olusesan Fafiolu ◽

Muyideen Timothy Sanni ◽

Oluwabusayo Adewunmi Irivboje ◽

Christian Obiora Ndubuisi Ikeobi

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Cell Volume ◽

Packed Cell Volume ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Rainy Season ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Tropical Condition ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Haematological Profile

AbstractHaematological studies help in understanding the relationship of blood characteristics to the environment. One of the major environmental factors influencing haematological indicators is season. This study was aimed at the variation in haematological profiles of two strains of laying birds at different seasons. We therefore evaluated the effects of genotype and season on the haematological profile in two strains of laying birds – Dominant brown (D-192) and Hyline brown in the tropics. A total of 50 birds per strain at 30 weeks of age were randomly selected for this study. Packed cell volume (PCV) and platelets were obtained using microhaematocrit whereas red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) were counted using a haemocytometer. The result obtained showed that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the haematological profile of the birds in the two seasons compared (rainy and dry seasons). The haematological indices obtained during the rainy season had significantly higher mean values in packed cell volume (29.65 ± 0.32%), red blood cells (2.65 ± 0.03 × 1012/L), haemoglobin (100.1 ± 0.11 g/L) and eosinophil (2.5 ± 0.16%) while those obtained during the dry season had a higher significant effect on the white blood cells (19.16 ± 0.36 × 109/L). The results further revealed that between the strains, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in most of the indicators analysed but Hyline brown had significantly higher values (P < 0.05) of eosinophils and platelets. We concluded that the observed differences could be a result of genetic differences between the two strains of birds which gives room for selection and that the rainy season is more favourable for laying birds production under tropical condition.

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Haematological and Genotoxic effects of cadmium chloride on Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.13.4.745-752 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 745-752

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Cell Volume ◽

Packed Cell Volume ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Cadmium Chloride ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Picture ◽

Genotoxic Effects

The present study investigated Haematological changes in Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi, as well as determination genotoxic effects of cadmium chloride on bunni fish by using 120 fingerlings, fish were distributed randomly into four treatments in addition to control group. Fish in first group treated (T1) with cadmium 0.093mg/L with changing water and added cadmium continuously, fish in the second group treated (T2) with cadmium 0.093mg/L with changing water without adding cadmium, third treatment (T3) with cadmium 0.046mg/L with changing water and adding cadmium continuously, and fourth treatment (T4) with cadmium 0.046mg/L with changing water without adding cadmium. Results of blood picture in T1 and T3 showed a significant reduction in red blood cells count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume values, while the number of white blood cells showed a significant increase in its values. Results showed presence of improvement of clinical and microscopical signs and blood picture in T2 and T4, were changed water aquarium continuously and added cadmium only once compared withT1 and T3. Results of the present study concluded that changing water aquarium in the treatments without adding cadmium led to improvement of health status of fish which increased with the passage of time results of blood picture were almost the same of the control group. It could be concluded from the current study that the adding of cadmium to water aquarium containing bunni fish led to decrease in red blood cells count, hemoglobin and packed cell volume values and increase in micronuclei number.

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Effect of blood glutathione status on the susceptibility of sheep to haemolytic anaemia induced by the brassica anti-metabolite, dimethyl disulphide

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800008183 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 93-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. J. Duncan ◽

B. Roncin ◽

D. A. Elston

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Damage ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Cell Volume ◽

Haemolytic Anaemia ◽

Packed Cell Volume ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Dimethyl Disulphide ◽

Glutathione Status ◽

The Relationship ◽

Female Sheep

AbstractThe effect of erythrocyte glutathione status and breed on the susceptibility of adult female sheep to the haemolytic anaemia caused by the brassica anti-metabolite dimethyl disulphide (DMDS) was determined in a factorial experiment. Within each breed (Scottish Blackface or Finnish Landrace), six sheep of low glutathione status (<30 mg/100 ml red blood cells (RBC)) and six sheep of high glutathione status (>70 mg/100 ml RBC) were dosed twice daily with DMDS for 35 days (25 mmol per head per day). All sheep developed a classic haemolytic anaemia within 2 weeks of the start of DMDS dosing. Weekly haemoglobin concentrations and packed cell volume values were not affected by breed or glutathione status. Heinz body numbers rose to a higher maximum in low glutathione animals but were not affected by breed. The results call into question the relationship between total erythrocyte glutathione concentration and the resistance of erythrocytes to oxidative damage.

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Immunomodulatory Activity of Aqueous Extract of Polyherbal Formulation on Macrophage Function and Humoral Immune Response against SRBCs in Mice

Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences ◽

10.48198/njpas/21.a01 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 3989-3997

Author(s):

Hamid K.M. ◽

Shehu A.A. ◽

Kalgo M.U. ◽

Isiyaku A. ◽

Alkali S. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Antibody Titre ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Median Score ◽

Phagocytic Function ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Polyherbal Formulation

Several herbal formulation were not properly documented due to poor scientific data as well as poor standard regulation in preparation and marketing. The study evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Polyherbal formulation on Macrophages’ phagocytic function and Humoral immune response in Mice A total of Sixteen 16 Mice was used. Group I received normal saline, Group II-IV received 500 mg, 1000 mg, and 1500 mg of Polyherbal formulation respectively for 21 days each. The animals were sensitized and challenged with Sheep red blood cells at day 14th and 19th of the treatment respectively. On day 21st all the animals were injected with 0.1 ml Indian ink for carbon clearance assay and blood sample was collected at 1 minute and 15 minutes of the injection. The phagocytic function of Macrophages and humoral immune response were determined spectrophotometrically and Hemagglutination assay respectively. The results show that the highest carbonic particle clearances index (K) median score (Median=0.0228), Macrophage phagocytose index (α) median score (Median=3.249), organ weight index (g/100g) mean score (M=0.06633) and Hemagglutination antibody titre median score (Median=32.00) was recorded by Group IV when compared with other groups. The carbonic particle clearance (K) (p=0.02), phagocytic index of Macrophage (α) (p=0.03), and organ weight index (g/100g) (p<0.0001) significantly increase with increase in the Polyherbal formulation concentration. Hemagglutination antibody titre against Sheep red blood cells (p=0.02) also significantly increased. The extract has potential immunostimulatory activity on both Macrophages’ phagocytic function and humoral immune response in mice thus could be useful in improving immune responses.

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Hematological parameters in shortnose guitarfish Zapteryx brevirostris Müller and Henle, 1841 (Chondrichthyes, Rhinobatidae)

Revista Mvz Córdoba ◽

10.21897/rmvz.36 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 5265-5271 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nathalia Barreto B ◽

Daniela Ferrer MV ◽

Paula Baldassin ◽

Denise Bobany M

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Cell Volume ◽

Packed Cell Volume ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Clinical Pathology ◽

Scientific Value ◽

Hematological Values ◽

Apparently Healthy

ABSTRACT Objective. In view of the deficiency of information in the area of clinical pathology of elasmobranchs, mainly of the physiological parameters, the aim of this work was to study hematological parameters of the Zapteryx brevirostris species. Materials and methods. Four specimens apparently healthy of Zapteryx brevirostris; three females and a male were used. These animals are all pertaining ones to the Aquarium of Ubatuba, São Paulo (Brazil). Results. The obtained average of hematological values for the Zapteryx brevirostris were: Red Blood Cells were - 0.96 x 106/μL, Packed Cell Volume - 24.3% and White Blood Cells - 36.8 x 103/μL. Conclusion. Although the small N, which decreases the accuracy, this research has scientific value because the situation of vulnerability of Zapteryx brevirostris, suggesting other studies. RESUMENObjetivo. En vista de la carencia de información en el área de patología clínica de los elasmobranquios, especialmente en lo que respecta a los parámetros fisiopatológicos, el objetivo de este trabajo fue el de obtener parámetros de la hematología de la especie Zapteryx brevirostris. Materiales y método. Cuatro animales clínicamente saludables de Zapteryx brevirostris; tres hembras y un macho fueron utilizados, todos procedentes del Acuario de Ubatuba, S. P. Resultados. Los valores promedio de hematología para el Zapteryx brevirostris fueron: glóbulos rojos - 0.96 x 106/ μL, volumen de los hematíes - 24.3 % y glóbulos blancos 36.8 x 103/ μL. Conclusiones. A pesar de la pequeña N, que disminuye la precisión, la investigación tiene valor científico debido a que Zapteryx brevirostris es una especie vulnerable; sugiriendo otros estudios.

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Red blood cell volume as a predictor of fatal reactions in cattle infected with Theileria parva Katete

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v74i1.138 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

Author(s):

P. Fandamu ◽

T. Marcotty ◽

J.R.A. Brandt ◽

L. Duchateau ◽

N. Speybroeck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Cell Volume ◽

Red Blood Cell ◽

Packed Cell Volume ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽

Corpuscular Volume ◽

Theileria Parva ◽

Fatal Reaction

A comparison of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and packed cell volume (PCV) was made between cattle undergoing lethal and non-lethal reactions following experimental infections with the apicomplexan protozoa, Theileria parva Katete. This work confirmed that anaemia occurs in infected animals. However, the fall in PCV was steeper in lethal reactions compared to non-lethal reactions. Our results show that animals with initially lower MCV values are more prone to fatal reaction, despite having normal PCV profiles. The study also found that small red blood cells are more likely to be infected with T. parva. These findings suggest that animals with a higher proportion of small red blood cells in circulation will be more likely to succumb to T. parva infections. The potential for using MCV as a predictor of the outcome of infection challenge is discussed.

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Effect of Gum Arabica (GA) Drench on Indicators of Anemia in Goats

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab096.068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 37-38

Author(s):

Yaser M Ahmed ◽

Hamid Ismail ◽

Djaafar M Rehrah ◽

Mulumebet Worku

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Cell Volume ◽

Packed Cell Volume ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Small Ruminant ◽

Control Group ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Sterile Water ◽

Initial Screening ◽

Acacia Senegal

Abstract Gum arabica (GA) is a well-known traditional herbal medication from Acacia Senegal. Previous studies have shown that GA has physiological and therapeutic effects on animals. Anemia is a reduction below normal in the number of red blood cells. Infection by parasites, such as Haemonchus contortus, can result in anemia when there is a reduction below normal in the number of red blood cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of GA on anemia in goats. The packed cell volume (PCV) and FAMACHA© score were used as indicators of anemia. Clinically healthy Boer and Spanish goats (n = 20) from the NCA&T University Farm Small Ruminant Unit were used in the study. Following initial screening for infection, twenty goats (n = 20) were assigned randomly to two groups of ten (n = 20). Goats in the treatment group were drenched daily with 10 mL of GA extract for 6 weeks. A control group of ten age-matched goats received sterile water. The FAMACHA© score was evaluated and recorded weekly. Blood samples collected at the time of evaluation were assessed for packed cell volume weekly. Data were analyzed by using PROC GLM in SAS 9.4(PM < 0.05). Treatment with GA increased PCV and decreased FAMACHA© scores when compared to the control group. Thus, water extracts of GA may aid in alleviating anemia, caused by parasites or resulting from other causes, to enhance goat health and production. The effect on parasites and overall health is being evaluated.

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Phenylephrine use for blood sparing during splenectomy in a dog

Veterinary Record Case Reports ◽

10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000640 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. e000640

Author(s):

Jodie Hughes ◽

Joanna Raszplewicz

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Cell Volume ◽

Haemolytic Anaemia ◽

Packed Cell Volume ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Immune Mediated

A dog with immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia was presented for splenectomy. Phenylephrine administration immediately before the removal of the spleen induced splenic contraction and significantly elevated packed cell volume. This technique conserved red blood cells and may be beneficial in euvolaemic animals to reduce the likelihood of a transfusion being required in the event of surgical haemorrhage.

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