scholarly journals Influence of graded levels of cassava peels and palm kernel cake meal on performance of weaner pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
H. Moseri ◽  
C. Umeri ◽  
I. B. Amaza
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Consommation Alimentaire ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
Weaner Pigs

Feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of cassava peels/palm kernel cake meal on the performance and economic benefits of weaner pigs. Fifty (50) large white weaner pigs of mixed sexes with average of 9.80±0.4 kg were randomly allocated to the five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) with ten pigs per treatment. The experimental diets which consist of mixture of cassava peels and palm kernel cake had ratio of 1:1. The mixture replaced maize at 0 (control), 10, 20, 30 and 40%. Feed and water were made available as required. The growth and economic indices measured were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, mortality, feed cost (N/kg),total cost of feed consumed per pig(N) live weight gain, revenue per total live weight gain per pig (N), gross profit per pig (N).The results revealed that average weekly weight gain was significantly higher (P<0.05) for weaner pigs fed on control diet with a value of (2.00kg)while the least values of 1.71kg were recorded for 40% levels of inclusion. Average final bodyweight gain values of 24.20, 23.25, 22.60, 22.20 and 21.90kg differed significantly (P<0.05)amongst the dietary treatments. Average feed intake was higher (P<0.05) on the control(35.52kg/day) than on diets 10 (33.50), 20 (30.64), 30(30.00) and 40 (30.40kg) in that order.It was observed that average weekly gain, average final weight gain and average feed intakedeclined with increasing levels of test ingredients. However, feed conversion ratio was better(P?0.05) for weaner pigs fed on20% (2.47) diet than those fed on 0,10, 30, and40% whichhad values of 2.57; 2.49; 2.48 and 2.54) correspondingly. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) wasbetter on 20% (2.38) compared to 30% (2.37), 10% (2.36), while 0% and 40% (2.32) hadsimilar values. Pigs fed on 40% level test ingredient were better economically than othertreatments groups. In view of highest return on investment, 40% combination Cassava/PKCmeal is recommended.     Un essai d'alimentation a été mené pour évaluer les effets des pelures de manioc /'palmkernel' sur les performances et les avantages économiques des porcs sevrés. Cinquante(50) gros porcs sevrés blancs de sexes mixtes avec une moyenne de 9.80 ± 0.4 kg ont été attribués au hasard aux cinq traitements diététiques dans une conception complètementrandomisée (CRD) avec dix porcs par traitement. Les régimes expérimentaux qui consistenten un mélange de pelures de manioc et de 'palm kernel' avaient un rapport de 1 : 1. Lemélange a remplacé le maïs à 0 (témoin), 10, 20, 30 et 40%. L'alimentation et l'eau ont étémises à disposition selon les besoins. Les indices de croissance et économiques mesurésétaient la consommation alimentaire, le gain de poids, le taux de conversion alimentaire, letaux d'efficacité protéique, la mortalité, le coût de l'alimentation (N / kg), le coût total del'alimentation consommée par porc (N) gain de poids vif, le revenu par poids vif total gainpar porc (N), bénéfice brut par porc (N) .Les résultats ont révélé que le gain de poidshebdomadaire moyen était significativement plus élevé (P<0.05) pour les porcs sevrésnourris avec un régime témoin avec une valeur de (2.00 kg) tandis que les valeurs les plusfaibles de 1.71 kg ont été enregistrés pour des niveaux d'inclusion de 40%. Les valeurs degain de poids corporel finales moyennes de 24.20, 23.25, 22.60, 22.20 et 21.90 kg différaientsignificativement (P<0.05) parmi les traitements diététiques. La prise alimentaire moyenneétait plus élevée (P<0.05) sur le contrôle (35.52 kg / jour) que sur les régimes 10 (33.50), 20(30.64), 30 (30.00) et 40 (30.40 kg) dans cet ordre. Il a été observé que le gain hebdomadairemoyen, le gain de poids final moyen et la consommation alimentaire moyenne diminuaientavec l'augmentation des niveaux d'ingrédients d'essai. Cependant, le taux de conversionalimentaire était meilleur (P<0.05) pour les porcs sevrés nourris avec un régime à 20%(2.47) que ceux nourris avec 0,10, 30 et 40% qui avaient des valeurs de 2.57 ; 2.49 ; 2.48 et2.54) en conséquence. Le ratio d'efficacité des protéines (PER) était meilleur sur 20% (2.38)par rapport à 30% (2.37), 10% (2.36), tandis que 0% et 40% (2.32) avaient des valeurssimilaires. Les porcs nourris avec un ingrédient de test de niveau de 40% étaient meilleurséconomiquement que d'autres groupes de traitement. Compte tenu du meilleur retour surinvestissement, une combinaison de farine de manioc / PKC à 40% est recommandée.

scholarly journals Effect of palm kernel cake and deoiled palm kernel cake on the performance of cockerels

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
S. A. Adesida ◽  
J. A. Agunbiade ◽  
O. O. Eniolorunda
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Forty (40), thirteen weeks old cockerels were allocated to five dietary treatments after balancing for weight. The eight birds on each dietary treatment were replicated four times, such that two birds served as a replicate. In diet 1 (control) contain 0% Palm Kernel Cake (KPC) and Deoiled Palm Kernel Cake (DOC). Diet 2 and 3 continued 40% KPC, Diet 2 was presented in mash form while Diet 3 was presented in pellet. Diets 4 and 5 contained 40% DOC, Diet 4 was presented as mash while diet % was presented as pellet. Dietary treatments had no effect (P>0.05) on daily weight gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Significant dietary effects (P>0.05) were however noted for daily feed intake (FI) and weight of spleen. In ecocomic terms Diet one was the most expensive (#30.03/kg) while Diet 4 was the cheapest (#15.85/kg). Birds on Dietary Treatment 1 elicited the highest cost/kg weight 314.13/kk weight gain while it cost #160.50 to gain 1kg of weight by birds on Diet 4. The results obtained in this study indicated that both PKC and DOC can be used to some appreciable extent in the feed of cockerels. The use of PKC and DOC considerably feed costs of cockerels. 

PERFORMANCE OF FATTENING BUNAJI BULLS FED DIETS CONTAINING GRADED LEVEL OF PALM KERNEL CAKE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
R. T. Sani ◽  
G. Z. Rekwot ◽  
W. Idowu ◽  
H. O. Okin-Aminu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Average Weight Gain

 A fattening trial was conducted for 90 days using 20 Bunaji bulls with a live weight range of 190-200kg and aged 2-2.5 years to determine fattening performance. The bulls were fed diets containing varying levels of palm Kernel cake (PKC). Four bulls per treatment were allotted to 5 dietary treatments in Completely Randomised Design. Concentrate and basal diets of Digitaria smutsii were offered at 2% body weight. The data collected from the experiment were analysed using General Linear Model Procedure of SAS, (2002) The crude protein contents of the experimental diets varied between 15.63 and 20.31% while ME ranged from 11.75 to 11.78MJ/kg DM. The crude fibre varied from 13.92 to 23.31%. Average feed intake ranged between 8.67-9.11Kg/day with animals on 10, 20 and 40% PKC showed significant (P<0.05) difference across the treatments. Average daily weight gain was highest (1.33kg) for animal on 10% PKC followed by (1.31kg) on 30% PKC inclusion. No significant differences (P>0.05) was observed in average weight gain for animals on diets containing 0 20 and 40% PKC inclusions. All the experimental bulls attained an average weight gain of between 1.13Kg to 1.33Kg. Cost per Kg gain was highest at 0% PKC inclusion and lowest at 40% PKC. Net benefit (NB) and value of weight gain (VWG) were significantly (P<0.05) higher for bulls on 10 and 30% PKC inclusion. There was positive net benefit and Return to Investment (ROI) on feed across treatments. The inclusion of PKC lead to reduction in feed 

scholarly journals Replacement value of unpeeled cassava rootmeal (UCRM ) for maize in weaner rabbit diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
S. O. Omoikhoje ◽  
A. M. Bamgbose ◽  
M. B. Aruna
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Cassava Root Meal ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Cost

Twenty four mixed breed (New Zealand x Chinchila) rabbits aged six weeks with average initial weight of 560g were used to examine the effect of replacing maize with unpeeled cassava root meal (UCRM) on the performance, organoleptic properties and economy of rabbit production. The rabbits were divided into four groups and assigned to four treatment diets formulated with 0, 10, 20 and 30% UCRM respectively. Average live weight and weight gain were significantly (P<0.05) improved by the increasing levels of URCM, but feed intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly (P>0.05) affected. All the organoleptic properties were not affected significantly (P>0.05) by the dietary treatments. However, the increasing levels of UCRM reduced the cost per kg feed, seed cost per kg weight gain and cost of production of rabbits to matured weight. Therefore, the utilization of unpeeled cassava root meal us replacement for maize up to 30% level is profitable and feasible in rabbit diets formulation. 

scholarly journals Weight Gains and Economy of Production of Weaner Pigs Fed Diets Containing Fermented Mixture of Cassava Root Pulp and Palm Kernel Cake as Replacement for Maize

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nnanyere Okwunna Aladi ◽  
Sylvester Marro Ukosa ◽  
Ifeanyi Prince Ogbuewu ◽  
Ifeanyi Charles Okoli ◽  
Ndukwe James Okeudo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Weaner Pigs

Abstract The need to improve the nutritive value of feed materials containing high levels of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) such as lignin, cellulose, mannan among others for monogastric feeding has led to interest in solid state fermentation (SSF) in recent years. In this study, the efficacy of SSF to improve nutritive value of mixture of grated cassava roots and palm kernel cake for pig feeding was evaluated using 40 unsexed crossbred (Large White X Nigerian Indigenous) weaner pigs. The pigs were randomly allotted to five treatment groups and fed experimental diets in which the maize in the control diet was partially (50%) or completely replaced with either solid state fermented mixture of grated cassava root and palm kernel cake (FEMCARPP) or a 1:1 blend of cassava meal and palm kernel cake (CSM-PKC). Data was collected weekly on the live-weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio, and efficiency of protein utilization. The pigs on dietary FEMCARPP consumed significantly (p < 0.05) less feed but had superior weight gain and similar feed conversion ratio when compared to the control pigs fed maize based diets. In addition, pigs fed dietary CSM-PKC consumed significantly (p < 0.05) more feed and were less efficient in utilizing their feed. It is therefore concluded that solid state fermentation improved the nutritive value of mixture of grated cassava roots and palm kernel cake for swine feeding. Further research is however needed to extend the study to growing-finisher phase and to understand the physiological mechanism of the improved performance of the piglets on dietary FERMCAPP.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE UTILIZATION OF COOKED SOYBEANS AND FISHMEAL-GROUNDNUT CAKE MIXTURE IN DIETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
J. A. Agunbiade ◽  
A. B. Odufuwa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A 4 week experiment involving 45 growing albino rats was carried out to assess the nutritional utilization of cooked full-fat soybean (CFFS) as a major source of dietary protein relative to that of the protein concentrates fishmeal-groundnut cake mixture and the response to supplementation of the cooked soybeans with 2g DL-methionine/kg diet and/or 2g L-lysine/kg diet. Feed intake (FI), average daily weight gain (DLG),. feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed cost (FC) per unit live-weight gain, (FC/WG) were measured, No significant effect of the various dietary treatments was observed on PER and FCIWG. However, the incorporation of CFFS either alone or in conjunction with either of both lysine and methionine significantly improved Fl and FCR (P< 0.05) and also DLG (P< 0.01) over the control fish-groundnut meal ration. Supplementation of CFFS with lysine either alone or along with methionine appeared unwarranted as methionine supplementation alone resulted in similar or slightly better efficiency of protein (0.247) and overall feed (0.596) utilization. From the results obtained, it appears that maize-based CFFS diet supplemented with 2 g/kg DL-methionine may be applicable for lion- ruminant feeding. However, since this level of methionine supplementation only provides for 67% of rat requirement, it is suggested that further studies with higher methionine levels be conducted.

scholarly journals Performance characteristics and cost benefit of feeding weaner rabbits cashew nut residue based diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
F.A.O. Akinnusi ◽  
A.M. Bamgbose ◽  
A.B. Ogunola ◽  
A.A. Alade
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A 42-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the performance characteristics and cost benefit of feeding weaner rabbits cashew nut residue (CNR) based diets. Three dietary treatments containing: 0.10 and 20% CNR at the expense of maize on a weight for weight basis were used. Eighteen weaner rabbits (mixed breeds and sexes) were randomly divided into three groups of six rabbits each in a completely randomized design (CRD). The average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significantly influenced (P>0.05) by the dietary treatments. But rabbits fed 10% CNR based diet had the highest values for average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake while rabbits fed the control diet (0% CNR) had the least value for feed conversion ratio. No mortality was recorded for all the dietary treatments. The feed cost/kg diet (₦), feed cost/kg live weight gain (₦/kg) and cost of feed consumed/day (₦) decreased steadily with increasing level of cashew nut residue meal. The saving on feed cost (%) was not significantly affected (P>0.05) by the dietary treatments, but increased across the groups. However, the saving on feed to produce 1kg live weight was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the CNR based diets. Rabbits fed 10% CNR based diet had the highest value of 9.66% than their counterparts fed other diets. It is concluded that cashew nut residue could be incorporated into rabbit diet at 10% without compromising the performance

scholarly journals Effect of raw and cooked mucuna seed meal based diets on the performance, nutrient digestibility and haematology of weaned rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
A. A. Taiwo ◽  
A. D. Adejuyigbe ◽  
E. O. Talabi ◽  
G. Okumakuma ◽  
E. A. Adebowale
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A study was conducted for eight weeks to determine the effects of raw and cooked mucuna seed meal (MSM) based diets on the performance and haematological characteristics of cross-bred weaned rabbits. Three experimental diets were formulated to contain: 0% MSM (control diet A), X raw MSM (diet B) and 20% cooked MSM (diet C). Twelve cross-bred weaned rabbits with mean initial live-weight of about 550 g were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments. The experimental design was completely randomized arrangement. The feed intakes (115.12, 114.44, 116.15g/day) and weight gains (17.19, 12.72, 14.28g/day) for diets A, B and C respectively were similar (P>0.05) for the three treatments. Rabbits fed the control diet A had the best (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio (6.68). The packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (HB), red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) values obtained for the three treatments were not statistically different (P>0.05) from one another. The HB, RBC, WBC values of rabbits fed on 20% cooked MSM based diet had comparable values to those on the control diet. Based on the weight gain and the haematology, 20% cooked mucuna seed meal can be included in the diet of weaned rabbits.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE UTILIZATION OF SHEA BUTTER CAKE AND PALM KERNEL CAKE BY BROILER CHICKENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
B. R. Olorede ◽  
A. A. Onifade ◽  
G. M. Babatunde
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Shea Butter ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The utilization of Shea butter cake (SBC), a by-product of fat extraction from sheabutter nuts (Butyrospennum paradoxum) was compared with Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) to establish its potential as a poultry feedstuff. A 2 x 3 factorial experiment combining two factors, SBC and PKC at three levels of inclusion (5%, 10% and 15%) was designed. The six dietary treatments were fed to a total of 180 day-old chicks up to 56 days of age. Broilers fed SBC diets consumed more feed (P < 0.05) than those fed PKC diets between 0-28 days of age. During the finisher period (29-56d) and the entire period (0-56d)feed intakes of broilers were similar (P >0.05) on the treatment except the low consumption (P < 0.05) by those fed 5% SBC. Broiler chicks fed 5% attained the heaviest weight gain (P > 0.05) which compared with chicks fed 15% PKC between 0-28d. Between 29-56d, growth rates of broilers were uniformly higher (P < 0.05) on PKC than SBC diets. Broilers fed 15% SBC had the least (P < 0.05) weight gain at the three (0-28d; 29-56d and 0-56d) periods. Considering the entire period (0-56d), growth rates were not significantly (P >0.05) different on SBC diets up to 10%, and on PKC diets  up to 15%. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency rations of the broiler became poorer (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of SBC in both growth phases unlike broiler fed PKC which had similar values irrespective of the levels of inclusion. The intestinal tracts and visceral organs were not influenced (P > 0.05) by the sources and levels of test ingredients except abdominal fat which was higher on SBC than PKC at 10% and 15% levels of SBC 10% level was optimal.  

Response of broilers to three different commercial feeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
R. Olajide ◽  
A. O Kareem ◽  
K. D. Afolabi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Commercial Feeds ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Poultry farmers who rely on commercial feeds sourced from the market always suffer some forms of financial loss due to sub-standard nature of such feeds. The normal practice is to formulate a balanced diet and compound the feeds with good quality ingredients. These conditions are not always within the control of the farmers who rely on buying finished feeds from the market. There is dearth of information on the quality of these common types of feedsin the market with the aim of recommending the best to the farmers. This study was therefore, carried out to examine the response of broilers to three commercial feeds at the starter and finisher phases. One hundred and eighty 1-day-old unsexed Marshal broilers at three replicates of twenty birds each were used for the study; and lasted for eight weeks. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. The performance, carcass, haematological and biochemicalparameters of the experimental birds were measured. The three diets were tagged Diets 1, 2 and 3 each representing a treatment. The average final live weight (AFLW), daily weight gain (ADWG), daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by the feed types (dietary treatments). The highest AFLW (758.37g/b) was obtained for broiler starters fed Diet 2 compared to 689.60g/b (Diet 1) and 263.37g/b (Diet3). The ADWG followed the same trend with birds fed Diet 2 having the highest value (25.67g/b) compared with 23.22g/b (Diet 1) and 8.00g/b (Diet 3). The ADFI (starters) were 72.88, 80.36 and 62.20g/b respectively for birds fed Diets 1, 2 and 3. The corresponding ADFI (g/b/d) for the finishers were 133.63 (Diet 1), 177.53 (Diet 2) and 58.57 (Diet 3); and ADWG (g/b/d) 42.49 (Diet 1), 51.79 (Diet 2) and 8.57 (Diet 3). Diet 2 gave the best performance in terms of weight gain, followed by Diet 1 and Diet 3 in that order for the finishers. However, the average cost per kg weight gain of the birds for the 2 phases were ? 307.88 (Diet 1), ? 309.29 (Diet 2), and ? 582.74 (Diet 3). All the carcass (live weight, bled weight, plucked weight, eviscerated weight, dressed weight and abdominal fat); and internal organs such as heart, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, intestine and proventriculus were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary treatments. The RBC, Hb, Basophils, total protein, albumin and globulin differed significantly (P < 0.05) across the diets. It can be concluded that birds fed Diet 1 gavethe best overall economic, carcass, haematology and serological performance. Commercial Diet (feed) 1 is therefore recommended for broiler farmers.

scholarly journals Effect of citric acid and acetic acid on the performance of broilers

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
MZ Islam ◽  
ZH Khandaker ◽  
SD Chowdhury ◽  
KMS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dietary Treatments

An experiment was conducted with commercial broilers to investigate the effects of feeding citric acid, acetic acid and their combination on their performance and to determine the economic competence of using citric acid and acetic acid in broiler rations. A total number of 108 one day old straight run broiler chicks were distributed to four dietary treatments i.e. 0 % citric or acetic acid (A), 0.5% citric acid (B), 0.5% acetic acid (C) and their combinations 0.5% citric acid and 0.5% acetic acid (D). The birds were reared in cages. Body weight gains, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality, dressing yield and carcass characteristics were recorded. The performance showed significant increase in body weight gain (P<0.05) when compared with the control during 0-5 weeks of age on 0.5% citric acid (B). Feed consumption increased (P<0.05) at 2nd and 3rd weeks of age on 0.5% citric acid (B). Feed conversion was found higher (P<0.05) during 0-5 weeks of age in treatment B when compared to those of the other treatments. Carcass characteristics were not affected by dietary treatments. The highest mortality was found in treatment A and treatment C due to excessive hot. It may be concluded that use of 0.5% citric acid in the diet of broilers may have better performance in respect of live weight gain and feed conversion. Keyword: Acetic acid; Citric acid; Broiler performance DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v6i2.4828 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 6(2): 315-320, 2008

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