scholarly journals THE DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN THE WESTERN REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ermagambetova ◽  
◽  
E. Myrzagaliev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
Kazakh Population ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
The City ◽  
External Migration

The article analyzes the migration and demographic situation of the population of Western Kazakhstan in the second half of the nineteenth century. Factors affecting population growth, mechanisms for regulating internal and external migration are considered. In the period under review, the population of the Western region of Kazakhstan in terms of number (1142384 people) was densely populated after Southern Kazakhstan (1499201 people). Residents of Western Kazakhstan made up 27.54% of the total population of the region. By the end of the nineteenth century, the population of the city in Western Kazakhstan was relatively small, especially with a small share of the Kazakh population in the city. The majority of the urban population are Slavic ethnic groups, and the number of Tatars in the cities of the region is also growing

scholarly journals The city of Hartapu: results of the Türkmen-Karahöyük Intensive Survey Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
James F. Osborne ◽  
Michele Massa ◽  
Fatma Şahin ◽  
Hüseyin Erpehlivan ◽  
Christoph Bachhuber
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Late Chalcolithic ◽  
Chalcolithic Period ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
The City

AbstractThe Türkmen-Karahöyük Intensive Survey Project (TISP) has identified the archaeological site of Türkmen-Karahöyük on the Konya plain as a previously unknown Iron Age capital city in the western region of Tabal. Surface collections and newly discovered inscriptional evidence indicate that this city is the early first-millennium royal seat of ‘Great King Hartapu’, long known from the enigmatic monuments of nearby Kizildağ and Karadağ. In addition to demonstrating this Iron Age city's existence, supported principally by (1) the site's size at the time and (2) the discovery of a royal inscription authored by Hartapu himself, TISP has documented the site's existence from the Late Chalcolithic period until the late first millennium BCE, with a maximum size reached between the Late Bronze and Iron Age periods, suggesting that the city was at its greatest extent and the regional political centre from at least the late second to the mid-first millennium BCE.

The peculiarities of transformation of the economy of large and medium-sized cities in the Western Region of Ukraine: a comparative analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Viktor Borshchevskyy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Urban Economy ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Spatial Localization ◽  
Western Region ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
The City

The problems of structural changes in the economy of large and medium-sized cities of the Western region of Ukraine are investigated. Special attention is paid to the spatial localization of cities, the cultural and historical traditions of functioning of their economy, the branch specialization and institutional environment of influence on the formation of business climate and economic development as the main factors of structural transformation of urban economy. To compare the peculiarities of economy transformation in the selected for the study large and medium-sized cities of the Western region of Ukraine, the dynamics of change of individual comparable indicators of their development in 2010 - 2017 were analyzed. This primarily relates to such indicators as the volume of freight transportations, the total area of new residential buildings, the retail turnover of enterprises, the capital investments, as well as the export services and its ratio to the export of goods. Based on the analysis of the relevant data, the main tendencies of structural transformation of the economy of large and medium-sized cities of the Western region of Ukraine that were selected for the study have been identified. The mentioned structural transformation are confirmed to be occurring primarily in the direction of equalization of the branch proportions of economic development of cities, irrespective of their size. At the same time, there is a tendency to move from mono-functional to poly-functional specialization of the urban economy on the basis of accelerated growth of those types of economic activity, the potential of which has not been fully realized before. The research gave the basis for the conclusion that the size of the city is not the determinative factor for the development or decline of certain types of their economic activity. Instead, spatial localization and traditions of business culture as well as the characteristic features of the evolution of the institutional environment of the city and the quality of human capital have the primary importance.

scholarly journals Eventos históricos e os impactos antroponímicos: a influência da Era da hortelã na antroponímia de Palotina – PR

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-58
Author(s):  
Jéssica Paula Vescovi
Keyword(s):  
Southern Region ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Migratory Movement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
The City

A antroponímia pode revelar importantes dados sobre a história de um local e ser influenciada por momentos históricos. No munícipio de Palotina, região oeste do Paraná, houve, na década de 1970, um movimento migratório, nomeado Era da Hortelã, o qual contribuiu significativamente para a consolidação da antroponímia local. Até então, a região era colonizada por sulistas, imigrantes oriundos da região sul do país, mas, com a produção da menta, houve a imigração de pessoas que eram oriundos de outras regiões do Brasil que a não a região sul para o trabalho no cultivo da erva. Levanta-se, então, a seguinte questão: há mudança no sistema antroponímico decorrente deste movimento migratório? Com o referido questionamento e tomando por base os estudos de Vescovi (2015; 2016), intenta-se apresentar informações relativas aos sobrenomes e aos prenomes existentes no local antes e depois deste momento, considerando os estudos de Seide (2013a, 2013b, 2013c) sobre prenomes tradicionais e modismos. A análise feita demonstra que a história de uma comunidade pode ser comprovada por meio dos dados antroponímicos, pois foi possível correlacionar as mudanças antroponímicas, tanto em âmbito etimológico quanto em surgimento de outros prenomes não presentes até então, com as informações sobre a história do município.Palavras-chave: Onomástica; Antroponomástica Histórica; Era da Hortelã  Abstract Anthroponomy can reveal important data about the history of a place and be influenced by historical moments. In the city of Palotina, in the western region of Paraná, there was, in the 1970s, a migratory movement, named Era da Hortelã, which contributed significantly to the consolidation of local anthroponomy. Until then, the region was colonized by southerners, immigrants from the southern region of the country, but with the production of mint, there was an immigration of people who were from other regions of Brazil other than the southern region to work in cultivation of the herb. The question then arises: is there a change in the anthroponomical system resulting from this migratory movement? With this question and based on the studies of Vescovi (2015; 2016), it is intended to present information regarding the surnames and first names existing in the place before and after this moment, considering the studies by Seide (2013a, 2013b, 2013c) about traditional first names and fads. The analysis made shows that the history of a community can be verified through anthroponomical data, since it was possible to correlate anthroponomical changes, both in etymological scope and in the appearance of other first names not present until then, with information about the history of the city.Keywords: Onomastic; Historical Anthroponomics; Era da Hortelã 

The Murid Order and Its ‘Doctrine of Work’

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kota Kariya
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Western Region ◽  
The Western Region

Abstract The Murid order was founded by Aḥmad Bamba (d. 1927) at the end of the nineteenth century in the area corresponding to the western region of contemporary Senegal. Many scholars have referred to a characteristic item of faith in this order, known as the ‘doctrine of work’. On the basis of a review of studies that refer to the doctrine and an analysis of Bamba’s writings and other Arabic works, this paper indicates problems that result from insisting on a relationship between the doctrine and Bamba’s thoughts without citing appropriate sources, as well as from a biased interpretation of his passages.

scholarly journals Demographic indicators of fertility and medico-social influenses on them

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Lunyova Irina ◽  
Oksana Ju Ivanova ◽  
Aleksander V Khardikov ◽  
Tatyana S Ivanova ◽  
Natalya V Abrosimova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The City

Aim. For the past hundred years, changes in the dynamics of fertility has been terrific in Russia, the transition has been from traditional to new, modern type of reproductive behavior. The purpose of the study. To study the demographic indicators of fertility and social factors affecting these figures in the Kursk and Belgorod regions for 25 years (1990-2015). Materials and methods. Based on annual statistical data of RosStat, we researched the dynamics of fertility in the Kursk and Belgorod regions between 1990 and 2015. According to the survey of 1291 women aged 20-34 years living in Kursk, we gave the major factors influencing on the fertility and childlessness. Results. In the Kursk and Belgorod regions from 1990 to 2000 there is a decrease in the birth rate 34.7% and 38%, respectively, with a minimum value in 2000 (р > 0,05). But in the period from 2000 to 2015 there is an increase of this index in Kursk region 50.6%, in Belgorod – by 43.8%, in Russia – 52.9% (р > 0.05), but the birth rate has not reached the 1990 data and remains below the national average. The increase in the birth rate due to increase in births of the second and subsequent children, mostly in rural areas. At the same time, the total fertility rate, which is calculated for the total population, in rural areas recorded significantly lower than in the city. This is due to a lower proportion of residents of reproductive age in the total population of the village compared with the city. Between 1990 and 2015 significantly increases the share of births over the age of 25 and decreases in the age range 18-24 years. Conclusion. It is proved that the birth rate is governed by the number of marriages, with the ratio of male and female population of reproductive age, maternal mortality.

scholarly journals The Influence of Farmers' Gender on Factors Affecting Maize Production among Small Scale Farmers in the Agricultural Reform Era: The Case of Western Region of Kenya

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Adijah M. Ali-Olubandwa
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Agricultural Reform ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

The introduction of Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) and trade liberalisation resulted in agricultural reforms in Kenya and other developing countries. Hence the Kenya government no longer gives incentives to small scale farmers. Therefore, the small scale farmers, extension service and the government at large have to look for all ways to increase maize production in the country, hence the study. Men and women both make significant contributions in maize-based farming systems and livelihoods, although gender roles in maize cultivation vary greatly across and within regions. Their contribution to agricultural work varies even more widely, depending on the specific crop and activity. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of Farmers' Gender on Factors Affecting Maize production among Small Scale Farmers in the Agricultural Reform Era: The Case of Western Region of Kenya. This is because maize is the main staple for most of the Kenyan population and Western Region is the food basket.  The study used Ex-post facto research design via cross sectional survey. Busia, Bungoma, Mt. Elgon and Lugari Counties were purposively selected to represent the Western Region of Kenya. Two sub-counties from each of the four Counties were selected by simple random sampling. For uniformity purposes 200 small scale farmers were selected from focal areas through systematic random sampling hence ensuring that they all had been exposed to extension staff. Four key informants were sampled purposefully based on their positions of authority. In addition, 52 extension staffs were sampled through systematic random sampling. The small scale farmers were interviewed with the help of interview schedule containing open and closed ended questions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the multiple regression illustrated that there was a statistically significant relationship between factors affecting maize production among small scale farmers (adoption of improved agricultural practices, attitude towards maize farming attitude towards farmer organizations and attitude towards opinion leaders) and farmers’ gender. The results showed that the adjusted R2=0.090, F=3.830 at p <0.01 and df=8. The study recommended that the Kenya government, extension service and researchers should pay more attention to the women small scale farmers, who form a large percentage of the small scale farmers in the western region, yet produce less bags of maize in order for Kenya to be food secure. There was therefore need for further research to find ways of motivating women small scale farmers to increase maize production in the Western Region of Kenya.

scholarly journals Geographical aspects of the demographic situation in Western Ukraine

2018 ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Iryna Hudzelyak
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
Population Demographic

The population of Western Ukraine decreases over the 2001–2016 years and at present is 9,356 thousands or 21 % of the whole population. Due to the slower pace of depopulation in comparison with other regions, the demographic weight of the Western region increases in the population of Ukraine. The rural population of the Western region decreases, while the urban population due to migration inflows increases. The level of urbanization in the Western region remains the lowest in Ukraine – only 49 %, but the rate of urbanization in the last 15 years was the highest in the country, except the capital region. Improvements in the economic activity and expansion of urban areas have a place in many cities. The level of population ageing of the Western region is the lowest in Ukraine and the more aged population is rural. Due to reduced fertility and the premature mortality, extremely rapid ageing of the urban population occurs. Because of the great migration losses in rural areas in recent decades, the level of ageing of the rural population is growing really slowly and in Volyn region, the rural population became younger. The birth rate here is the highest in Ukraine, especially in rural areas of Rivne, Zakarpattia, and Volyn regions. Therefore, the proportion of children in all types of settlements dramatically exceeds the average indicators among Ukrainian. The urban population of the region is characterised by a new European model of reproductive behaviour that defines the main demographic parameters: low fertility, including early birth, the dominance of nucleus families, and higher age for marriages. In general, the most favourable demographic situation is in Zakarpattia region and rural areas of Rivne region, which is mostly achieved by high birth rates, lower level of premature mortality and lower migration loss of reproductive groups. The worst demographic situation among the Western regions is in the Ternopil region, where demographic potential in the rural areas significantly decreased as a result of large migration losses and a rapid decline in fertility. Key words: population, demographic situation, urbanization, depopulation, demographic ageing, natural reproduction, migration.

Regional Segment in the Demographic Processes in Kazakhstan in the Context of Cluster Division into Districts (1999-2009)

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-117
Author(s):  
Zh. S. Aubakirova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Increase ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
Kazakh Population ◽  
Cumulative Rate ◽  
Structure Of Population ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Total Structure

The article looks at regional segment in the demographic processes in Kazakhstan during the decade of 1999-2009. The author uses method of cluster analysis to study demographic zones that includes specific weights of: a) Russian and Kazakh population in the total structure of the population, b) urban population in the total structure of population, c) people over 65, d) women of fertile age between 15 and 44, e) cumulative rate of natality, f) general mortality rate, g) rate of natural increase and h) crude marriage and divorce. These criteria enabled to distinguish several clusters using the concept of ‘ethnic and demographic area’ denoting a territory with relatively homogenous demography. Five clusters described comprise 1) Mangystau region, 2) region that includes East and North Kazakhstan with Akmola and Kokshetau, 3) South Kazakhstan with Atyrau and Kyzylorda, 4) Karaganda and Pavlodar regions (oblasts), 5) Aktobe, Almaty, Zhambyl and Western Kazakhstan region. Analysis of these areas made it possible to reveal their specific features. Differences between regions turned out to be substantial. While demographic situation in Mangystau and South Kazakhstan with Akmola and Kokshetau was favorable, demographic trends were negative in Eastern, Northern Kazakhstan and Akmola and Kokshetau regions as well as Karaganda and Pavlodar regions. Demographic trends in Aktobe, Almaty, Zhambyl regions and Western Kazakhstan can be characterized as transitional one from negative to positive extremes revealed between other two groups of clusters. The study of fertility in various regions of Kazakhstan allowed distinguishing two periods the first one being the 1989-1999s, when fertility declined dramatically and the period of its rise during the 1999-2009s. The article also discusses regional particularities of morality and reproduction in Kazakhstan, which are also determined by ethnic composition of these regions.

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