scholarly journals THE PEACE PROCESS IN AFGHANISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Kalkamanov ◽  
◽  
A.I. Ibrayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Regulation Process ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Further Development

This article reflects the retrospective, current situation and perspective of the peace regulation process in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. The aim of the work is to analyze the development of the situation in the most unstable country located at the junction of three regions – Central Asia, Middle East and South Asia. The article analyzes the progress of the peace process, the main political players and mediators, as well as obstacles to peace in Afghanistan. Step by step negotiation progress, the issues and aspects has been demonstrated to achieve peace. Different personalities have been indicated who play a key role in the beginning of the long-awaited inter-Afghan dialogue. The preliminary results of the first rounds of negotiations were summarized, which resulted in forecasting further development of the situation.

English in Asia, Asian Englishes, and the issue of proficiency

English Today ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
East Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Outer Circle ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Issue

ABSTRACTThe contemporary visibility and importance of English throughout the Asian region coupled with the emergence and development of distinct varieties of Asian Englishes have played an important part in the global story of English in recent years. Across Asia, the numbers of people having at least a functional command of the language have grown exponentially over the last four decades, and current changes in the sociolinguistic realities of the region are often so rapid that it is difficult for academic commentators to keep pace. One basic issue in the telling of this story is the question of what it is we mean by the term ‘Asia’, itself a word of contested etymology, whose geographical reference has ranged in application from the Middle East to Central Asia, and from the Indian sub-continent to Japan and Korea. In this article, my discussion will focus on the countries of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia, as it is in these regions that we find not only the greatest concentration of ‘outer-circle’ English-using societies but also a number of the most populous English-learning and English-knowing nations in the world.

The Islamic East a millennium ago: Biruni’s world

Biruni ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
George Malagaris
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Complex World ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Medieval Islam

Biruni constantly investigated his complex world in its natural and historical aspects. He perceived his homeland of Khwarazm in the manner of a modern physical geographer while simultaneously maintaining awareness of its underlying cultural currents and far-flung connections with distant lands. He appreciated that the notion of a region depended on cultural and political factors; indeed, the modern usage of the terms Central Asia, Middle East, and South Asia implies a multiplicity of histories, as he doubtlessly would have understood. Biruni himself frequently commented on its significance and persistently sought to interpret its underlying tendencies throughout his writing. Whether he touched on the topics of ancient Iran, late antique Hellenism, or early medieval Islam, Biruni added to the knowledge of his contemporaries, and the survival of his works has augmented our own.

Maps and Spaces

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
Christine Noelle-Karimi
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Middle East ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
State Building ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
The Past

Students of Afghan history come up against two sets of academic demarcations and appropriations. First, as Nile Green points out in his introduction to this roundtable, Afghanistan as a field of study tends to fall off the edge of the scholarly traditions associated with the regional denominations of the Middle East, South Asia, and Central Asia. Second, the tendency to view history through the lens of present-day national entities presents an impediment to historical inquiry and not only in Afghanistan. The attempt to streamline the past to fit a consistent narrative of state-building may serve to foster a national identity, yet it is of little use in gaining a deeper understanding of the political, social, and economic processes at work in a given period.

US-China Competition in Eurasia

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-190
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Markey
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Political Reform ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Benign Neglect ◽  
Political Economic

This chapter summarizes the interplay between China and South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East, then assesses the geopolitical implications for America, and offers recommendations for US policy. Marshalling evidence from previous chapters, it shows that anticipating the political consequences of China’s overseas activities in any particular instance requires an appreciation of the other state’s preexisting domestic political-economic conditions and geopolitical relationships. It finds that across Eurasia, China’s involvement tends to undercut healthy pressure for economic and political reform within states and appears to be exacerbating or rekindling tensions among them. The chapter evaluates current US policy in the context of global competition with China and identifies a range of strategies for Eurasia, including “benign neglect,” “peaceful accommodation,” “critical publicity,” “selective competition,” and “militarized competition.” To make the most of America’s limited influence, it argues that US policymakers should pursue a selective and localized strategy in Eurasia.

scholarly journals China and the New Geopolitics of Eurasia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Markey
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Arms Sales ◽  
History Of ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
Global Initiatives

This chapter introduces China’s new global initiatives like the vaunted “Belt and Road” and previews how the political and economic interests of other states in South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East tend to set the conditions for Chinese activities and shape regional outcomes. It leads with the history of China’s involvement in Pakistan’s Gwadar port. It then identifies ways in which Eurasia’s powerful and privileged groups often expect to profit from their connections to China, while others fear commercial and political losses. Similarly, it foreshadows how statesmen across Eurasia are scrambling to harness China’s energy purchases, arms sales, and infrastructure investments to outdo strategic competitors, like India and Saudi Arabia, while negotiating relations with Russia and the United States. This chapter introduces the book’s subsequent chapters on China’s Eurasian aspirations, South Asia and China, Central Asia and China, the Middle East and China, and the American policy response.

Afghanistan: The Great Game Revisited—A Review Article

1981 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar S. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
World Power ◽  
Four Books ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Great Game

The four books reviewed are different in discipline and approach and written for widely different audiences. They are, however, linked in their articulation as a contemporary response to the larger political situation in and around Afghanistan. Certain fundamental issues are raised that relate to the Russian invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, for instance, will the Russians continue their advance to the warm waters of the Indian Ocean (as suggested by the proponents of the Great Game thesis)? An understanding of the current situation in Afghanistan will provide clues to the possible future outcome of the Russian invasion. On that outcome depends the present balance of world power. If the Russians reach the warm waters of the Gulf, they are ideally poised to threaten South Asia and the Middle East. An understanding of the situation in Afghanistan is thus of primary importance.

scholarly journals Afghanistan Islamic Republic -threat to regional security

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Svetlana Cebotari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
International Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Complete Picture ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
East And West

Modern Eurasia, forming the basis of international security, plays a balancing role in world processes. When analyzing the security features of Central Asia in the Eurasian relations system, account should be taken of the situation in Afghanistan, which provides a complete picture of the manifestation and interconnection of security threats. Being a state located in the central-southern part of Asia, Afghanistan has an important geo-strategic location. It is the state that connects East and West Asia or the Middle East. Afghanistan has focused on its territory the main security and crime challenges of the last seventy years. This article highlights the main threats to Afghanistan and their impact on regional security.

scholarly journals Russia’s electric power reintegration with Central Asia and Caucasus and entering South Asia and Middle East electricity markets

2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Lev Belyaev ◽  
Lyudmila Chudinova ◽  
Sergei Podkovalnikov
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Great Effectiveness ◽  
Southern Asia ◽  
Eurasian Region

Results of the next round of studies on Russian interstate electric ties are described. A part of the Eurasian region including European and Siberian part of Russia and countries of Central Asia, Caucasus, Southern Asia and Middle East is considered for 2040 target year. Great effectiveness of creation of interstate power grid in this region is shown.

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