scholarly journals Barriers Faced by Small Scale Farmers in the North Department of Haiti

2017 ◽  
pp. 8-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrhude Albert ◽  
T. Grady Roberts ◽  
Amy Harder
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Resource Limitations ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Recommendations For Practice ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Haiti is one of the economically poorest countries in the world. As a result, billions of dollars have been invested into agricultural initiatives in Haiti, however, less emphasis has been placed on building the capacity of farmers through training and educational programs. Limited research has been conducted on barriers faced by Haitian farmers. The purpose of this study was to explore the barriers and faced by small scale farmers in the North Department of Haiti. A qualitative approach was used to achieve this purpose. Results revealed 11 major barriers, organized in the two themes of environmental challenges and resource limitations. Emergent themes included an external locus of control as a cause of barriers. Based on findings, recommendations for practice and future research are provided. Lessons learned from this research can help extensionists in Haiti and similar locations better meet the needs of farmers.

Reflections on a Scholarly Career in Sport and Exercise Psychology: The Influence of Significant Others on the Psychosocial Well-Being of Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Thelma S. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The North ◽  
Senior Scholar ◽  
Sport And Exercise ◽  
American Society

This paper is based on a Senior Scholar presentation delivered at the 2020 annual meeting of the North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity. The paper begins with a summary of the research work completed by the author and coinvestigators in regard to the influences that significant others (parents, peers, and coaches) exert on the psychosocial well-being of individuals in sport and physical activity. In each of these three areas, illustrative research studies are summarized in a predominantly chronological order with a commentary at the end of each section that identifies unanswered questions and suggests future research directions. In the second section, four particular lessons learned by the author over the course of a scholarly career are identified and explained.

Environmental Impacts and Benefits of Agroforestry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibu Jose
Keyword(s):  
Soil Health ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Agronomic Crops ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Agroforestry systems, the planting of perennial trees and/or shrubs with annual agronomic crops or pasture, have been proposed as more environmentally benign, alternative systems for agricultural production in both temperate and tropical regions of the world. Agroforestry provides a number of environmental benefits as confirmed by scientific literature. The four major environmental benefits of agroforestry are (1) climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration, (2) biodiversity conservation, (3) soil health enrichment, and (4) air and water quality improvement. In addition to environmental benefits, the economic benefits of multiple crops within agroforestry systems have also generated interest in their adoption by farmers the world over. The major negative impacts come from conversion or degradation of forests following certain traditional practices, which may not fit in the definition of modern agroforestry. Challenges remain for widespread adoption of agroforestry, particularly in the temperate world; however, a new resurgence of interest in this land-use practice among small-scale farmers has shed light on a path toward its possible success. Past evidence clearly indicates that agroforestry, as part of a multifunctional working landscape, can offer not only economic return, but also a number of ecosystem services and environmental benefits for a sustainable society.

First in Flight: Desertion as Politics in the North Carolina Confederate Army

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Giuffre
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
Confederate Army ◽  
Central Focus ◽  
The North ◽  
North Carolinians ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

In place of open mutiny, [powerless groups] prefer desertion. . . . They make use of implicit understandings and informal networks. . . . When such stratagems are abandoned in favor of more quixotic action, it is usually a sign of great desperation.Scott (1985: xvi)At the beginning of the Civil War, few suspected how brutal and bloody the conflict would prove to be. During the first months of the war, thousands of men and boys from North Carolina rushed to enlist. As deaths from disease and battle mounted dramatically, soldiers who had agreed to serve for one, two, or three years found themselves legally compelled to stay even after their enlistment was up, and those who had stayed home enlisted reluctantly under the threat of the draft (Wright 1978). Detained in the Confederate army often by threat of imprisonment or even death (ibid.), obliged to fight for a cause that appeared increasingly to be contrary to their own interests (Bardolph 1964), watching as the wealthy plantation owners resigned their commissions and bowed out (Tatum 1934), thousands of soldiers took up one strategy of resistance to the war: desertion. Of the 120,000 North Carolinians who enlisted to fight in the Confederate army, an estimated 12,000 deserted before the war was over. This study will test the hypothesis that desertion was a form of resistance to the war by a relatively powerless group, the small farmers. The central focus of this article will be the predictors of desertion. Of the estimated 10% of the Confederate soldiers from North Carolina who deserted from the army, the majority were small-scale farmers who had long opposed the wealthy elites on a variety of issues.

Adaptations to Climate Change and Climate Variability in the Agriculture Sector in Mauritius

2017 ◽  
pp. 655-680
Author(s):  
Prakash N. K. Deenapanray ◽  
Indoomatee Ramma
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Methodological Assessment

Like many Small Island Developing States (SIDS), Mauritius is highly vulnerable to the impacts of Climate Change (CC) and Climate Variability (CV). Particularly vulnerable are small-scale farmers who carry out rain-fed agriculture. While adaptation to CC and CV has taken place among small planters, the first methodological assessment of the technology needs for adaptation in the agriculture sector took place in Phase II of the global GEF-UNEP Technology Needs Assessment (TNA) project. In addition to providing a systematic approach for identifying and prioritizing adaptation technologies, the TNA project also sought to increase the preparedness of Mauritius for leveraging international climate financing and support for technology transfer. Since Mauritius was the only SIDS participating in Phase II of the TNA project, this chapter shares with other SIDS the methodology and lessons learned. The climate change-agriculture-food security nexus is also discussed.

Adaptations to Climate Change and Climate Variability in the Agriculture Sector in Mauritius

2014 ◽  
pp. 130-165
Author(s):  
Prakash N. K. Deenapanray ◽  
Indoomatee Ramma
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Methodological Assessment

Like many Small Island Developing States (SIDS), Mauritius is highly vulnerable to the impacts of Climate Change (CC) and Climate Variability (CV). Particularly vulnerable are small-scale farmers who carry out rain-fed agriculture. While adaptation to CC and CV has taken place among small planters, the first methodological assessment of the technology needs for adaptation in the agriculture sector took place in Phase II of the global GEF-UNEP Technology Needs Assessment (TNA) project. In addition to providing a systematic approach for identifying and prioritizing adaptation technologies, the TNA project also sought to increase the preparedness of Mauritius for leveraging international climate financing and support for technology transfer. Since Mauritius was the only SIDS participating in Phase II of the TNA project, this chapter shares with other SIDS the methodology and lessons learned. The climate change-agriculture-food security nexus is also discussed.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION STUDY OF SIX CANDIDATE GENES WITH MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER IN THE NORTH-WESTERN POPULATION OF PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Akbar ◽  
Naqash Alam ◽  
Sadiq Ali ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas ◽  
Habib Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Western Population ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
North Western

People around the world are currently affected by Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Despite its many aspects, symptoms, manifestations and impacts, efforts have been made to identify the root causes of the disorder. In particular, genetic studies have concentrated on identifying candidate genes for MDD and exploring associations between these genes and some specific group of individuals. The aim of this research was to find out the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in 6 candidate genes linked to the neurobiology of major depressive disorder in the North-Western population of Pakistan. We performed a case-control analysis, with 400 MDD and 232 controls. A trained psychiatrist or clinical psychologists evaluated the patients. Six polymorphisms were genotyped and tested for allele and genotype association with MDD. There were no statistical variations between MDD patients and healthy controls for genotypic and allelic distribution of all the polymorphisms observed. Thus, our analysis does not support the major role of these polymorphisms in contributing to MDD susceptibility, although it does not preclude minor impact. The statistically significant correlation between six polymorphisms and major depressive disorder in the studied population was not observed. There are inconsistencies in investigations around the world. Future research, including GWAS and association analysis on larger scale should be addressed for further validation and replication of the present findings.

scholarly journals Fish for grain? Archaeoentomological research and emerging patterns of exchange

AmS-Skrifter ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
Eva Panagiotakopulu
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
The North ◽  
Exotic Pests ◽  
The World ◽  
Emerging Patterns ◽  
Sea Ports

A novel pathway for understanding exchange is via what might be termed historical autecology, in particular, trying to assess introductions and invasive insect species in the environments under investigation. Invertebrates can provide very detailed information on this front, as they inevitably accompany any trading or raiding activities, in ships, either in ballast, dunnage or goods, and overland in packing or commodity. Grain was widely shipped to the north from southern Baltic and North Sea ports, and archaeoentomological research in northern Norway and Iceland has demonstrated that exotic pests for these parts of the world, which rely on the warmth of the storerooms for their survival, arrived as part of the exchange process of fish or skins for grain; a range of other species were transported in dunnage and ballast. This paper discusses insect results and mechanisms for insect pest introductions from a range of sites relevant to the Hanseatic trade, including North Atlantic ones, to show the potential of this research and to provide a framework for future research.

scholarly journals Nepal-China-India Relation: A Geostrategic Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
Kabi Prasad Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
International Relation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Adaptive Strategies ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Foreign Relation ◽  
The World ◽  
Balance Relation

  This paper is an attempt to trace out the Nepal ‘s China-India relation in the context of dynamic changes of powerful nations of the world as well as emerging regional countries. Existing international relation of Nepal is needed tactic diplomacy to take maximum economic and technological benefits from global major powerful countries and emerging regional countries. The existing foreign relation of Nepal and future adaptive strategies have been discussed using qualitative approach. By reviewing and synthesizing ongoing initiations of present government at the global, regional and national level, paper drew the conclusion to maintain balance relation between and among the north -south two neighbors including super power of the world. Paper further emphasized to adopt among equals foreign relation strategy to take benefits from the emerging powerful countries in the Asian region.

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