scholarly journals Modeling physical-chemical properties of High Dilutions: an electrical conductivity study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (25) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Carla Holandino ◽  
Rafael Harduim ◽  
Venício Feo da Veiga ◽  
Sheila Garcia ◽  
Carlos Renato Zacharias
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Liquid Preparation ◽  
Inert Solvent ◽  
Electrical Conductivity Study

The most common way to perform succussions is to place a liquid preparation inside a glass vessel and beat it vigorously against a hard elastic surface, either manually or using a mechanical apparatus. This procedure has been assumed able to transfer mechanical energy to the molecular level, where it becomes available to perform chemical work. Such interpretation has been enforced by observed changes in the electrical conductivity (EC) of High Dilutions (HD) due to succussion. In order to address this question, we compared the electrical conductivity changes of HD prepared from Vincristine sulfate (VCR) samples with those of an inert solvent. Samples were produced through manual and mechanical succusions in order to observe the influence of bubbles production. The results confirmed the timing of EC changes but these were equivalent for VCR and solvent, except for VCR 1cH samples. Also, the production of bubbles does not affect the EC in an extent able to distinguish succussion procedures. We concluded that the physical-chemical properties of HD can be modeled by chemical and diffusive mechanisms typical of distilled water. Keywords: Succussion, electrical conductivity, high dilutions, distilled water, modeling.   Modelagem de propriedades físico-químicas das Altas Diluições: o estudo da condutividade elétrica Resumo A maneira mais comum de realizar sucussões é manter uma preparação líquida dentro de um frasco de vidro, e agitá-la violentamente usando um dispositivo mecânico ou batendo-a, manualmente, contra um anteparo rígido, porém elástico. Este procedimento tem sido interpretado como um mecanismo capaz de transferir a energia mecânica da agitação, para níveis moleculares, onde ela se tornaria disponível para a realização de trabalho químico. Tal interpretação tem sido estimulada pela observação de alterações na condutividade elétrica (CE) de Altas Diluições (HD), devido à sucussão. Visando modelar esta questão, comparou-se a alteração da CE de amostras preparadas a partir de Sulfato de Vincristina (VCR) com amostras equivalentes (controle) preparadas apenas com o solvente água destilada. As amostras foram produzidas por sucussão mecânica e manual, a fimd e observar a influéncia da produção de bolhas. Os resultados confirma que a CE varia com o tempo, porém tais variações são equivalentes para VCR e controle, exceto para as amostras VCR 1cH. Também, a produção de bolhas não afeta a CE de forma a permitir usá-la para distinguir os diferentes procedimentos de sucussão. Concluimos que as propriedades físico-químicas da HDs podem ser modeladas por mecanismos químicos e difusivos, típicos para a água destilada. Palavras-chave: Sucussão, condutividade elétrca, altas diluições, água destilada, modelagem.   Modelo de propiedades físico-químicas de las Altas diluciones: un estudio de la conductividad eléctrica Resumen La manera más común para llevar a cabo sucuciones es mantener una preparación líquida dentro de un recipiente de vidrio, agitando violentamente utilizando para esto un aparato mecánico, o golpes manuales contra una superfície dura mas elástica. Este procedimiento ha sido interpretado como un mecanismo capaz de transferir la energía mecánica a nivel molecular, donde es posible realizar el trabajo químico. Tal interpretación ha sido estimulada por los cambios observados en la conductividad eléctrica (CE) de las Altas diluciones (HD), debido al procedimiento de la sucucion. A fin de abordar este punto, se compararon los cambios en la conductividad eléctrica de HD preparadas a partir de Sulfato de Vincristina (VCR) con muestras de solvente inerte. Las muestras fueron producidas a través de sucuciones mecánicas y manuales, con el fin de observar la influencia de la producción de burbujas. Los resultados confirmaron el cambio em la CE, pero estos cambios fueron equivalentes para VCR y solvente, con excepción de las muestras VCR 1cH. Asimismo, la producción de burbujas no afecta la CE en una medida capaz de distinguir las diferentes maneras de sucución. Concluimos que las propiedades físico-químicas de HD pueden ser modeladas por mecanismos químicos y difusivos típicos del agua destilada. Palabras-clave: Sucución, conductividad eléctrica, alta diluciones, agua destilada, modelo.   Correspondence author: Carlos Renato Zacharias, [email protected] How to cite this article: Holandino C, Harduim R, Veiga VF, Garcia, S. Zacharias CR. Modeling physical-chemical properties of High Dilutions: an electrical conductivity study. Int J High Dilution Res [online]. 2008 [cited YYYY Mmm DD]; 7(25): 165-173. Available from: http://journal.giri-society.org/index.php/ijhdr/article/view/319/375.  

scholarly journals Computational Simulation and Prediction on Electrical Conductivity of Oxide-Based Melts by Big Data Mining

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ao Huang ◽  
Yanzhu Huo ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
Guangqiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Molten Slag ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Big Data Mining ◽  
Physical Chemical

Electrical conductivity is one of the most basic physical–chemical properties of oxide-based melts and plays an important role in the materials and metallurgical industries. Especially with the metallurgical melt, molten slag, existing research studies related to slag conductivity mainly used traditional experimental measurement approaches. Meanwhile, the idea of data-driven decision making has been widely used in many fields instead of expert experience. Therefore, this study proposed an innovative approach based on big data mining methods to investigate the computational simulation and prediction of electrical conductivity. Specific mechanisms are discussed to explain the findings of our proposed approach. Experimental results show slag conductivity can be predicted through constructing predictive models, and the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) model is the best prediction model with 90% accuracy and more than 88% sensitivity. The robustness result of the GBDT model demonstrates the reliability of prediction outcomes. It is concluded that the conductivity of slag systems is mainly affected by TiO2, FeO, SiO2, and CaO. TiO2 and FeO are positively correlated with conductivity, while SiO2 and CaO have negative correlations with conductivity.

scholarly journals Development of resin-based bioactive endodontic cements with glycerol salicylate and calcium silicate

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Rafaela Cassaro Pistorello ◽  
Gabriela De Souza Balbinot ◽  
Vicente Castelo Branco Leitune ◽  
Fabricio Mezzomo Collares
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Time Flow

Introduction: The combination of sol-gel derived calcium silicate particles and glycerol salicylate resins may enhance the pyhisico-chemical properties contribute to the understanding of the interaction between these materials. This study aims to evaluate the physical-chemical properties of resin-based bioactive endodontic cements with glycerol salicylate resins and calcium silicate particles. Materials and methods: Calcium silicate was produced by the sol-gel route, while the resin was produced by mixing 60wt% glycerol salicylate, 30wt% methyl salicylate and 10wt% distilled water. Calcium silicate was added in three different concentrations, 50, 40 and 25% by weight. The cement was tested for setting time, flow, radiopacity and pH. Results: The 50:50 group shows the time of 15min8s while the 75:25 shows the time of 256min13s (p

scholarly journals Melon cultivation irrigated with saline waters promote chemical alterations in an acrisol

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Aécio Lima Pereira ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
José Francismar De Medeiros ◽  
Nildo Da Silva Dias ◽  
Cleyton dos Santos Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Toad Skin ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Crop Cycle

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the salinization process and the changes in the chemical properties of an Acrisol cultivated with melon irrigated with water of different saline concentrations. The experiment was carried out in the field conditions using the experimental design of randomized blocks, arranged in split-plot. The plots were composed of salinity levels of irrigation water, expressed in terms of water electrical conductivity (ECw): 0.54; 1.48; 2.02 dS m-1; and the sub-plots for melon cultivars: Sancho and Medellín (Toad Skin), Mandacaru (Yellow), Nectar (Galia) and Sedna (Cantaloupe). Soil samples were collected at the beginning and end of the crop cycle to evaluate the changes in the physical-chemical properties of the soil. The electrical conductivity of saturation extract in the soil profile varied for each cultivar, observing high salinity values in soils with cultivars with lower water demand (Sedna and Nectar). The salinity of the soil was lower than the electrical conductivity of the irrigation water in the treatments with high values of ECw. The soil pH values showed little reaction in relation to the initial values. The exchangeable sodium percentage values were approximate twice the sodium adsorption ratio of the saturation stratum.

scholarly journals Pattern and direction of groundwater flow and distribution of physical-chemical properties of groundwater in Randublatung basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 930 (1) ◽  
pp. 012048
Author(s):  
E E Tantama ◽  
M A Kumara ◽  
D P E Putra ◽  
G I Marliyani
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Groundwater Potential ◽  
Groundwater Temperature ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Tds Concentration

Abstract The people in the Randublatung basin (Grobogan, Blora, and Bojonegoro Regencies) using groundwater for daily needs and agriculture activity. As the initial step of basin-based groundwater management, it is necessary to understand the groundwater potential in this area: pattern and direction of groundwater flow and groundwater physical-chemical properties (pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, and electrical conductivity). This research aims to analyze the pattern and directions of groundwater flow, the physical-chemical properties, and the correlation between the two. This research method is field measurement of 45 different spots of dug wells in the Randublatung basin. Our results indicate that the pattern and direction of groundwater flow in the Randublatung basin are heading to Bengawan Solo River and then following the river’s flow. The groundwater physical-chemical properties measured: pH value is 6.8 on average, the temperature is 28.9 °C on average, TDS concentration is 409 mg/L average, and electrical conductivity rate is 843 μS/cm average. There is no significant correlation between groundwater flow with pH value and groundwater temperature. However, groundwater TDS concentration and electrical conductivity rate in the Randublatung basin increase as groundwater flows to the Bengawan Solo River, which is affected by the minerals of aquifer rocks (alluvial deposits).

scholarly journals Physical chemical and citotoxic evaluation of highly diluted solutions of Euphorbia tirucalli L. prepared through the fifty milesimal homeopathic method

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (31) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Sheila Garcia ◽  
Rafael Cardoso Harduim ◽  
Fortune Homsanin ◽  
Carlos Renato Zacharias ◽  
Ricardo Machado Kuster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Refraction Index ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Euphorbia Tirucalli ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Different Populations

Background: although Hahnemann described the fifty-milesimal (LM) method in the 6th edition of the Organon of the Medical Art, very little research has been carried out on the physical chemical properties of these homeopathic preparations. Furthermore, there is still no evidence allowing for the correlation between the alleged physical chemical properties and the biological effects of high dilutions. Aims: to evaluate physical chemical characteristics of LM preparations including electrical conductivity, pH and refraction index, and their effect on biological experimental models. Materials and methods: preparations tested for physical chemical analysis were dilutions 1 lm to 10 lm of Euphorbia tirucalli L. prepared from the latex and the juice of the plant. To rule the seasonal characteristics of this plant, 2 different populations were used, one collected in June 2007 and the other in May 2008. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of Euphorbia tirucalli 5 lm was tested on human breast cancer cells (MCF7) through MTT assay. Some differences among the two collections were observed. However, any clear correlation could be observed between physical chemical properties and biological activity.

scholarly journals Features of the Structure and Physical-Chemical Properties of Poly-Ortho-Toluidine Doped with Toluenesulfonic Acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
A.L. Stepura ◽  
O.I. Aksimentyeva ◽  
P.Yu. Demchenko
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Conductivity Activation Energy ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Features of crystal structure, electrical conductivity and thermal stability of poly-ortho-toluidine (PoTi) samples, obtained with method of oxidative polymerization in the environment of sulfuric and toluenesulfonic acids (TSA), were investigated. It was discovered that PoTi-TSA samples are characterized withhigh crystallinity. According to the physico-chemical analysis, doping samples with TSA causes increase of PoTi thermal stability, electrical conductivity and sensor sensitivity on the contrary to samples doped with sulfuric acid. Based on temperature dependence of specific resistance, were calculated the values of the conductivity activation energy, which are within the limits of 0.2-0.4 eV depending on the type of dopant.

Nanostructures of Water Molecules in Iteratively Filtered Water

2011 ◽  
Vol 495 ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Elia ◽  
Elena Napoli
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dissipative Structures ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
Structure Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical

This work presents some experimental results on the variation of the physico-chemical properties of pure, twice distilled water, when subject to a procedure of iterative filtrations through Pyrex glass filters (Büchner funnels). The study involves the determination of electrical conductivity. After the filtrations, electrical conductivity increases three times. Part of those increases, about 10-30%, is to be attributed to impurities released by the glass filters. The hypothesis is that the remaining 70-90% of the increases comes from variations in the super-molecular structure of water. The iterative filtration procedure involves a flux of energy and material in an open system. The energy flux is partially dissipated as heat permitting the formation of “dissipative structures”. Water, the main ingredient of living systems, exhibits an extraordinary auto-organization potentiality triggered by several kinds of perturbations, including mechanical ones.

scholarly journals An Ex-Situ Immobilization Experiment with Zn, Pb, and Cu in Dredged Marine Sediments from Bohai Bay, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Wensi Zhang ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Baolin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sequential Extraction Procedure ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Adverse Impacts

The remediation of dredged marine sediments contaminated by metals has drawn increasing attention globally. Immobilization was regarded as a promising method for reducing adverse impacts on marine ecosystems. In this study, kaolinite and limestone were used as amendments to immobilize Zn, Pb, and Cu in dredged marine sediments, which were collected from the coastal zone adjacent to Tianjin Port in Bohai Bay. The sequential extraction procedure was applied to identify the mobility of metals and, further, to evaluate the immobilization effect of the amendments. The physical–chemical properties of the sediments, such as the pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, and total organic carbon (TOC), were also measured to better understand their influence on the three metals’ mobility. The results of the sequential extraction procedure indicated that the mobile fractions of the metals were converted into relatively stable fractions because of the two amendments. In addition, the EC, salinity, and TOC decreased moderately, while no obvious variations in the pH of the sediments were observed with the addition of kaolinite and limestone. It was confirmed that both kaolinite and limestone can effectively reduce the mobility and bioavailability of metals, particularly Zn, and limestone generally has a better immobilization effect, compared with kaolinite.

Biophysical Measurement of Molecular Weight of Foot-and-Mouth Disease RNA Fragments

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
Sydney S. Breese ◽  
Howard L. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Rna Fragments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Continuing studies on the physical and chemical properties of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have included electron microscopy of RNA strands released when highly purified virus (1) was dialyzed against demlneralized distilled water. The RNA strands were dried on formvar-carbon coated electron microscope screens pretreated with 0.1% bovine plasma albumin in distilled water. At this low salt concentration the RNA strands were extended and were stained with 1% phosphotungstic acid. Random dispersions of strands were recorded on electron micrographs, enlarged to 30,000 or 40,000 X and the lengths measured with a map-measuring wheel. Figure 1 is a typical micrograph and Fig. 2 shows the distributions of strand lengths for the three major types of FMDV (A119 of 6/9/72; C3-Rezende of 1/5/73; and O1-Brugge of 8/24/73.

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