scholarly journals Physical chemical and citotoxic evaluation of highly diluted solutions of Euphorbia tirucalli L. prepared through the fifty milesimal homeopathic method

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (31) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Sheila Garcia ◽  
Rafael Cardoso Harduim ◽  
Fortune Homsanin ◽  
Carlos Renato Zacharias ◽  
Ricardo Machado Kuster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Refraction Index ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Euphorbia Tirucalli ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Different Populations

Background: although Hahnemann described the fifty-milesimal (LM) method in the 6th edition of the Organon of the Medical Art, very little research has been carried out on the physical chemical properties of these homeopathic preparations. Furthermore, there is still no evidence allowing for the correlation between the alleged physical chemical properties and the biological effects of high dilutions. Aims: to evaluate physical chemical characteristics of LM preparations including electrical conductivity, pH and refraction index, and their effect on biological experimental models. Materials and methods: preparations tested for physical chemical analysis were dilutions 1 lm to 10 lm of Euphorbia tirucalli L. prepared from the latex and the juice of the plant. To rule the seasonal characteristics of this plant, 2 different populations were used, one collected in June 2007 and the other in May 2008. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of Euphorbia tirucalli 5 lm was tested on human breast cancer cells (MCF7) through MTT assay. Some differences among the two collections were observed. However, any clear correlation could be observed between physical chemical properties and biological activity.

About Mechanisms of Biological Activity of the Nano- and Microparticles of Natural Minerals in the Experiment

10.12737/2753 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Сергиевич ◽  
A. Sergievich ◽  
Чайка ◽  
Vladimir Chayka ◽  
Голохваст ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
World Science ◽  
Natural Minerals ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical

There are both in the domestic and the world science a discussion about the biological activity of water-insoluble solid microparticles technogenous and natural. These interactions are studied in the context of the professional pathology, hygiene and nanotoxicology. The purpose of this research was to study the mechanisms of action of particles of natural minerals of various sizes on biological systems. The paper is based on the applied modern methods which allow to determine the degree of interaction of microelements with the functional systems of the organism. Analysis of the results showed that the application of these methods has a number of shortcomings in the experiments in vivo and in vitro, associated with the physical and chemical features of zeolites. It is established that under cultivation in 6- and 24-hole tablets, the zeolite in a dose of 50 mg/ml covers all the cells attached to the glass. In the fields of view of the cells are practically invisible. Thus, an assessment of toxic effects or functional condition of the cells is not possible. Zeolite being water-insoluble compound wich is not subjected to the pipetting. At the delete zeolite of culture, there is practically full elimination of cells from the hole. Accumulation of the primary information about the biological effects of nano - and microparticles is extremely important. This allows the authors to make some conclusions, but the decision of a question on the mechanism of biological activity, especially the prediction of some properties of particles without the study of physical-chemical properties of the particles isn´t possible.

scholarly journals Designs for research of High Dilutons in animal models: an update

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (35) ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
Adrian Alecu ◽  
Romeo Brezeanu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Daily Clinical Practice ◽  
Basic Requirement ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
High Dilutions

This article discusses the series of tests on animal experimental models carried out by our group to evaluate the effect of homeopathic preparations selected according to traditional criteria of pathogenetic similarity. Our overall experience indicates that it is not difficult to carry out experimental studies assaying homeopathic medicines in randomized placebo-controlled tests returning statistically analyzable results. The basic requirement for this purpose is to select validated experimental models. The simplest and most reliable ones are the ones arising from common daily clinical practice or those taken from classical pharmacological studies modified as to fit the goals of a homeopathic assay. By proceeding in this way it will be possible to build a sound body of evidence for the biological effects of high dilutions.

scholarly journals Modeling physical-chemical properties of High Dilutions: an electrical conductivity study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (25) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Carla Holandino ◽  
Rafael Harduim ◽  
Venício Feo da Veiga ◽  
Sheila Garcia ◽  
Carlos Renato Zacharias
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Liquid Preparation ◽  
Inert Solvent ◽  
Electrical Conductivity Study

The most common way to perform succussions is to place a liquid preparation inside a glass vessel and beat it vigorously against a hard elastic surface, either manually or using a mechanical apparatus. This procedure has been assumed able to transfer mechanical energy to the molecular level, where it becomes available to perform chemical work. Such interpretation has been enforced by observed changes in the electrical conductivity (EC) of High Dilutions (HD) due to succussion. In order to address this question, we compared the electrical conductivity changes of HD prepared from Vincristine sulfate (VCR) samples with those of an inert solvent. Samples were produced through manual and mechanical succusions in order to observe the influence of bubbles production. The results confirmed the timing of EC changes but these were equivalent for VCR and solvent, except for VCR 1cH samples. Also, the production of bubbles does not affect the EC in an extent able to distinguish succussion procedures. We concluded that the physical-chemical properties of HD can be modeled by chemical and diffusive mechanisms typical of distilled water. Keywords: Succussion, electrical conductivity, high dilutions, distilled water, modeling.   Modelagem de propriedades físico-químicas das Altas Diluições: o estudo da condutividade elétrica Resumo A maneira mais comum de realizar sucussões é manter uma preparação líquida dentro de um frasco de vidro, e agitá-la violentamente usando um dispositivo mecânico ou batendo-a, manualmente, contra um anteparo rígido, porém elástico. Este procedimento tem sido interpretado como um mecanismo capaz de transferir a energia mecânica da agitação, para níveis moleculares, onde ela se tornaria disponível para a realização de trabalho químico. Tal interpretação tem sido estimulada pela observação de alterações na condutividade elétrica (CE) de Altas Diluições (HD), devido à sucussão. Visando modelar esta questão, comparou-se a alteração da CE de amostras preparadas a partir de Sulfato de Vincristina (VCR) com amostras equivalentes (controle) preparadas apenas com o solvente água destilada. As amostras foram produzidas por sucussão mecânica e manual, a fimd e observar a influéncia da produção de bolhas. Os resultados confirma que a CE varia com o tempo, porém tais variações são equivalentes para VCR e controle, exceto para as amostras VCR 1cH. Também, a produção de bolhas não afeta a CE de forma a permitir usá-la para distinguir os diferentes procedimentos de sucussão. Concluimos que as propriedades físico-químicas da HDs podem ser modeladas por mecanismos químicos e difusivos, típicos para a água destilada. Palavras-chave: Sucussão, condutividade elétrca, altas diluições, água destilada, modelagem.   Modelo de propiedades físico-químicas de las Altas diluciones: un estudio de la conductividad eléctrica Resumen La manera más común para llevar a cabo sucuciones es mantener una preparación líquida dentro de un recipiente de vidrio, agitando violentamente utilizando para esto un aparato mecánico, o golpes manuales contra una superfície dura mas elástica. Este procedimiento ha sido interpretado como un mecanismo capaz de transferir la energía mecánica a nivel molecular, donde es posible realizar el trabajo químico. Tal interpretación ha sido estimulada por los cambios observados en la conductividad eléctrica (CE) de las Altas diluciones (HD), debido al procedimiento de la sucucion. A fin de abordar este punto, se compararon los cambios en la conductividad eléctrica de HD preparadas a partir de Sulfato de Vincristina (VCR) con muestras de solvente inerte. Las muestras fueron producidas a través de sucuciones mecánicas y manuales, con el fin de observar la influencia de la producción de burbujas. Los resultados confirmaron el cambio em la CE, pero estos cambios fueron equivalentes para VCR y solvente, con excepción de las muestras VCR 1cH. Asimismo, la producción de burbujas no afecta la CE en una medida capaz de distinguir las diferentes maneras de sucución. Concluimos que las propiedades físico-químicas de HD pueden ser modeladas por mecanismos químicos y difusivos típicos del agua destilada. Palabras-clave: Sucución, conductividad eléctrica, alta diluciones, agua destilada, modelo.   Correspondence author: Carlos Renato Zacharias, [email protected] How to cite this article: Holandino C, Harduim R, Veiga VF, Garcia, S. Zacharias CR. Modeling physical-chemical properties of High Dilutions: an electrical conductivity study. Int J High Dilution Res [online]. 2008 [cited YYYY Mmm DD]; 7(25): 165-173. Available from: http://journal.giri-society.org/index.php/ijhdr/article/view/319/375.  

scholarly journals Designs for research of the High Dilutions in animals models: an update

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (30) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Adrian Alecu ◽  
Romeo Brezeanu ◽  
Gabriela Marcus ◽  
Adriana Cojocaru ◽  
Mariana Alecu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Daily Clinical Practice ◽  
Basic Requirement ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
High Dilutions

This article discusses the series of tests on animal experimental models carried out by our group to evaluate the effect of homeopathic preparations selected according to traditional criteria of pathogenetic similarity. Our overall experience indicates that it is not difficult to carry out experimental studies assaying homeopathic medicines in randomized placebo-controlled tests returning statistically analyzable results. The basic requirement for this purpose is to select validated experimental models. The simplest and most reliable ones are the ones arising from common daily clinical practice or those taken from classical pharmacological studies modified as to fit the goals of a homeopathic assay. By proceeding in this way it will be possible to build a sound body of evidence for the biological effects of high dilutions.

Chlorinated Organics in Nearshore Waters and Tributaries of the St. Clair River

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry G. Oliver ◽  
Klaus L.E. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The concent rat ions of hexachloroethane (HCE), hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), pentachlorobenzene (QCB), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and octachlorostyrene (OCS) in large volume water samples show that the major sources of these chemicals to the St. Clair River are Dow Chemical Company effluents and, to a lesser degree, Sarnia’s Township ditch which drains one of Dow’s waste disposal sites. Tributaries entering the river on both sides of the Canada/United States border contain measurable concentrations of these chemicals indicating low level contamination throughout the area. The degree of water/suspended sediment partitioning of the chemicals (Kp) was studied. Kp values for the individual chemicals changed in a manner consistent with changes in their physical-chemical properties.

Polymer-Graphene Nanoassemblies and their Applications in Cancer Theranostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1340-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponnurengam M. Sivakumar ◽  
Matin Islami ◽  
Ali Zarrabi ◽  
Arezoo Khosravi ◽  
Shohreh Peimanfard
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydrophilic Polymer ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Cancer Theranostics

Background and objective: Graphene-based nanomaterials have received increasing attention due to their unique physical-chemical properties including two-dimensional planar structure, large surface area, chemical and mechanical stability, superconductivity and good biocompatibility. On the other hand, graphene-based nanomaterials have been explored as theranostics agents, the combination of therapeutics and diagnostics. In recent years, grafting hydrophilic polymer moieties have been introduced as an efficient approach to improve the properties of graphene-based nanomaterials and obtain new nanoassemblies for cancer therapy. Methods and results: This review would illustrate biodistribution, cellular uptake and toxicity of polymergraphene nanoassemblies and summarize part of successes achieved in cancer treatment using such nanoassemblies. Conclusion: The observations showed successful targeting functionality of the polymer-GO conjugations and demonstrated a reduction of the side effects of anti-cancer drugs for normal tissues.

Isatin: A Scaffold with Innumerable Biodiversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyobrata Nath ◽  
Agnish Mukherjee ◽  
Sougata Mukherjee ◽  
Sabyasachi Banerjee ◽  
Samarpita Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
Relevant Compound ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Clinical Conditions

: Isatin is an endogenous and a significant category of fused heterocyclic component, widely been a part of several potential biologically useful synthetics. Since its discovery, tons of research work has been conducted with respect to the synthesis, chemical properties, and biological and industrial applications. It contains indole nucleus having both lactam and keto moiety which while being a part of a molecular framework exerted several biological effects, viz.; antimicrobial, antitubercular, anticonvulsant, anticancer etc. Isatin derivatives are synthetically significant substrates, which can be utilized for the synthesis of huge diversified chemical entities of which few members emerged to be a drug. The reason for this review is to provide extensive information pertaining to the chemistry and its significance in altering several pathological states of isatin and its derivatives. A Structure Activity Relationships study thus developed through a gamut of scientific information indicates the importance of mostly electron withdrawing groups, halogens, nitro, alkoxy and to a minor extent groups with positive inductive effects, such as methyl at position 1, 5, 6 and 7 of isatin in alleviating several clinical conditions. It is also observed from the survey that the presence of two oxo groups at position 2 and 3 sometimes become insignificant as fusion with a heterocycle at those position resulted in a biologically relevant compound.

scholarly journals Shellfish Chitosan Potential in Wine Clarification

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4417
Author(s):  
Veronica Vendramin ◽  
Gaia Spinato ◽  
Simone Vincenzi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Chitin Content ◽  
Deacetylation Degree ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Fungal Chitosan ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fish Industry

Chitosan is a chitin-derived fiber, extracted from the shellfish shells, a by-product of the fish industry, or from fungi grown in bioreactors. In oenology, it is used for the control of Brettanomyces spp., for the prevention of ferric, copper, and protein casse and for clarification. The International Organisation of Vine and Wine established the exclusive utilization of fungal chitosan to avoid the eventuality of allergic reactions. This work focuses on the differences between two chitosan categories, fungal and animal chitosan, characterizing several samples in terms of chitin content and degree of deacetylation. In addition, different acids were used to dissolve chitosans, and their effect on viscosity and on the efficacy in wine clarification were observed. The results demonstrated that even if fungal and animal chitosans shared similar chemical properties (deacetylation degree and chitin content), they showed different viscosity depending on their molecular weight but also on the acid used to dissolve them. A significant difference was discovered on their fining properties, as animal chitosans showed a faster and greater sedimentation compared to the fungal ones, independently from the acid used for their dissolution. This suggests that physical–chemical differences in the molecular structure occur between the two chitosan categories and that this significantly affects their technologic (oenological) properties.

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