scholarly journals Possibilities of developing Favourable Body Fat Partition Via Selection Indexes – Application on Rabbits

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
A. R. Schemeis ◽  
O. Y. Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
True Breeding ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Selection Indexes ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Total Body

Abstract. Estimates of phenotypic and genetic parameters of body fat partition and other related traits were calculated using an experimental material of 152 New Zealand White rabbits of 15 bucks and 42 adult does. To construet nine selection indexes aiming at improving fat partition, estimates of phenotypic and genetic parameters for weight and linear dimensions of the live body were also obtained. The aggregate genotype included the percentage total body fat depositing subcutaneously and intermuscularly at the marketing age of 12 weeks. The füll index included the weaning body weight, marketing body weight, body length, loin width and heart girth. The full index had the highest correlation with the true breeding value (rT| = 0.597). Comparable accuracy (rTi = 0.561) would be expected from the best-reduced index (I7 = 0.009 BW –0.988 HG) combining marketing body weight and heart girth. At each round of selection with intensity =1, such a reduced index is expected to result in developing rabbits with advantageous fat partition in terms of higher percentage total body fat depositing subcutaneously (+0.35 unit %), intermuscularly (+1.91 unit %) and intramuscularly (as reflected by 0.15 unit % increase in carcass muscle yield. As compared with its unrestricted form, the best reduced index reduced to zero change in total body fat (I7(TBF)) would result in drastic decline in percentage total fat depositing as kidney knob and Channel fat (+0.32 vs. –0.18 unit %) with little amelioration in percentage total fat aecumulating in the other depots. Selection on I7(TBF) instead of 17 would reduce improvement in marketing body weight (+0.52 vs. +0.33 gm), carcass yield (+0.10 vs. 0.04 unit %) and carcass boneless meat yield (+0.19 vs. 0.07 unit %) with increase of gain in carcass muscle yield (+0.15 vs. 0.32 unit %).

Utilization of Exogenous Fat and Turnover Rate of Endogenous Fat in the Normal and Hypophysectomized Rat

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
LeRoy W. Matthews ◽  
Samuel Spector ◽  
Joy Lemm ◽  
Paul Olynyk
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Total Body

The utilization of C14-labeled trilaurin and tripalmitin administered by both oral and intravenous routes and the turnover rate of total body fat was studied in normal and hypophysectomized rats. The hypophysectomized rats were found to utilize significantly more fat per millimole of CO2 expired than normal rats. This increased utilization of exogenous fat varied from 14 to 97% for the various fats and routes of administration and was found in both fasting and fed rats. The turnover rate of endogenous total body fat was found to be almost twice as rapid in the hypophysectomized rats with the half-life of total body fat 9.0 ± 1.33 days as compared to 14.9 ± 0.15 days in the normal rats. The fat content of the hypophysectomized rats was 11.12 gm/100 gm body weight compared to 8.29 gm/100 gm body weight in the control rats. When both of these factors are taken into consideration, the hypophysectomized rats are found to utilize 0.86 ± 0.13 gm of endogenous fat/100 gm body weight/ day and the normal rats only 0.38 ± 0.04 gm of endogenous fat/100 gm body weight/day. In the presence of this marked increase in total fat metabolism in the hypophysectomized rats, there is only a slight hyperlipemia, which may be accounted for by an increased serum cholesterol, a decreased fat content of the liver and an increased total body fat.

Dietary fat and adiposity: a dose-response relationship in adult male rats fed isocalorically

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. E546-E550 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Boozer ◽  
G. Schoenbach ◽  
R. L. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

This study examined the effects of increasing levels of dietary fat fed isocalorically on body weight, body composition, and adipose distribution. Adult male rats were weight matched into four groups. One group that was fed a low-fat diet (12%) served as reference controls. The other three groups were fed diets of 24, 36, or 48% fat in amounts to equal the energy intake of the control group. After 6 wk, body weights of the four groups were not significantly different. Intrascapular brown fat did not differ between groups. Total body fat and adipose depot weights, however, increased in proportion to the level of fat in the diet. Total body fat and retroperitoneal and mesenteric depot weights of the 48% fat group were greater than controls (P < 0.05). Mesenteric fat in this group was also significantly increased over all other groups (P < 0.05). These results show that high-fat diets fed to adult animals cause increased body fat in the absence of significant changes in body weight and that mesenteric fat is increased disproportionately.

INFLUENCE OF DIET COMPOSITION AND CALORIC INTAKE ON BODY WEIGHT OF WARM- AND COLD-ACCLIMATED RATS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 2225-2235
Author(s):  
A. DesMarais ◽  
P. A. Lachance
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Total Body

The well known reduction in growth rate of cold-acclimated rats has been shown to depend on a decreased gain in total body fat, without change in the gain in lean body weight. This has been observed in rats fed Lab Chow or a high-fat diet ad libitum. In those groups fed a high-carbohydrate diet ad libitum or calorie-restricted high-fat or high-carbohydrate diets, exposure to cold had no effect on the gain in neither total body weight nor lean body weight, which were already reduced by the diet; in those animals, the significant decrease in the gain in total body fat upon exposure to cold was compensated by a slight but unsignificant increase in the gain in lean body weight, so that differences in gain in total body weight were not significant.

A comparative study on growth, body composition and carcass tissue distribution in Omani sheep and goats

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. MAHGOUB ◽  
G. A. LODGE
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Growth, body composition and distribution of carcass tissues were compared in Omani sheep and goats. Animals had ad libitum access to Rhodes-grass hay (8 % CP) and a concentrate diet (16% CP) from weaning until slaughter. The two species had similar birth weights but sheep had higher preweaning (181 g/day), postweaning (175 g/day) and overall (179 g/day) growth rates than goats (120, 102 and 111 g/day, respectively) and thus they reached slaughter weights earlier. Sheep had higher slaughter weight (22·26 kg), empty body weight (20·39 kg), hot carcass weight (12·48 kg) and dressing out percentage (55·94%) than goats (21·17, 18·82, 11·48 kg and 53·97%, respectively). Sheep also had higher proportions of skin, liver and lungs and trachea (P<0·01) than goats, which had higher proportions of head, feet and gut contents. As proportions of carcass weight, sheep had higher fat (25·08%) but lower muscle content (57·24%) than goats (15·72 and 65·88%, respectively). There were no significant differences between the two species in proportion of carcass bone (13·76 and 14·17%). These effects resulted in sheep having a lower muscle: bone ratio (4·19 and 4·68) and higher fat: muscle ratio (0·44 and 0·24). Sheep had higher proportions of non-carcass, carcass and total body fat in the empty body weight (EBW) than goats. However, sheep had less non-carcass but more carcass fat than goats when fats were expressed as proportions of total body fat. Sheep had higher proportions of muscles in the proximal hind limb, distal hind limb (P<0·01), around the spinal column, connecting forelimb to thorax and high-priced muscle group (P<0·05), but lower proportions of muscles in the abdominal wall, proximal forelimb (P<0·05), distal forelimb (P<0·01), connecting neck to forelimb, intrinsic muscles of neck and thorax (P<0·05) and total forequarter muscles (P<0·01) than goats. As proportions in carcass bone, sheep had higher axial skeleton (P<0·05) but lower forelimb than goats. Among species/sex/slaughter weight groups, castrated male and female goats had the lowest growth rates. Castrates and female sheep, particularly at heavier liveweights, had higher carcass and non-carcass fat contents than intact males and goats of all sexes. Although Omani goats produced leaner carcasses and had higher proportions of some non-carcass offals than Omani sheep, they had slower growth rates and a less attractive muscle distribution. This may negatively affect their potential for large scale meat production under Omani conditions.

The effect of a high-fat diet and sucrose drinking option on the development of obesity in spontaneously hypertensive rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Rattigan ◽  
Peter R.C. Howe ◽  
Michael G. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Sucrose Drinking ◽  
Starch Diet

1. Energy intakes, body-weights, body fat index, total body fat and interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) were examined in adult male, spontaneously hypertensive, stroke-prone (SHR-SP) rats and normotensive Wistar/Kyoto (WKY) controls given one of four diets for 33 d: (a) a starch diet, (b) a starch diet and a sucrose solution drinking option, (c) an 80xenergy from fat (F80) diet, (d) the F80 diet and a sucrose drinking option.2. The SHR-SP rats showed a complete resistance to obesity on all four diets. For the high-fat diet the WKY animals became markedly obese with approximately two-fold increases in body-weight gain and body fat index when compared with the SHR-SP rats. The gain in total body fat was also significantly greater. IBAT as a percentage of total body-weight did not differ between the WKY and SHR-SP groups.3. Compared with the WKY animals, the SHR-SP rats showed a reduced food intake but had the same potential to gain weight from the high-fat diet.4. It is concluded that the resistance to obesity by the hypertensive animals is the result of a diminished energy intake.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF IMPLANTING ZERANOL ON GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF AWASSI LAMBS AND GOAT KIDS RAISED UNDER COMMERCIAL CONDITION

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1321-1328
Author(s):  
KAK & et al
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight ◽  
Awassi Lambs

The current experiment was designed to investigate the effect of zeranol implantation on lambs and goats’ kids raised under commercial conditions. Ten male Awassi lambs (AL) (4-5 months old) with an average body weight of 33.7 ± 0.5 kg and 10 male black goat kids (GK) (3-4 months old) with an average body weight of 18.8 ± 0.7 kg were used in the experiment. The experiment was conducted in Berebuhar village close to Duhok city in May the 15th, 2019The animals from each group were randomly divided into two subgroups, the first group was the control group and the other group was implanted with 24 mg zeranol. The animals were grown for 43 days and then slaughtered. Growth rate, average daily gain and carcass characteristics were measured. Data were analysed as factorial 2 × 2.  The results showed that implantation both animal groups with zeranol significantly reduced testicular weight by approximately 55 % and 71 % for goat kids and Awassi lambs respectively. Moreover, the results showed that zeranol implantation found to reduce total body fat from 892 to 816g in goat kids and from 3395 to 2856 g in Awassi lambs. It can be concluded that zeranol implantation has an effect on total body fat and fat tissue distribution. 

scholarly journals Associations of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation with Body Fat in Premenopausal Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jonathan L. Warren ◽  
Barbara A. Gower ◽  
Gary R. Hunter ◽  
Samuel T. Windham ◽  
Douglas R. Moellering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Total Body

Higherin vivofatty acid (FA) oxidation rates have been reported in obese individuals compared to lean counterparts; however whether this reflects a shift in substrate-specific oxidative capacity at the level of the skeletal muscle mitochondria has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that in situ measures of skeletal muscle mitochondria FA oxidation would be positively associated with total body fat. Participants were 38 premenopausal women (BMI=26.5±4.3 kg/m2). Total and regional fat were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Mitochondrial FA oxidation was assessed in permeabilized myofibers using high-resolution respirometry and a palmitoyl carnitine substrate. We found positive associations of total fat mass with State 3 (ADP-stimulated respiration) (r=0.379,p<0.05) and the respiratory control ratio (RCR, measure of mitochondrial coupling) (r=0.348,p<0.05). When participants were dichotomized by high or low body fat percent, participants with high total body fat displayed a higher RCR compared to those with low body fat (p<0.05). There were no associations between any measure of regional fat and mitochondrial FA oxidation independent of total fat mass. In conclusion, greater FA oxidation in obesity may reflect molecular processes that enhance FA oxidation capacity at the mitochondrial level.

scholarly journals Stabilization of BMIz Score is Associated with a Decrease in Visceral Fat in Children with Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (07) ◽  
pp. 527-531
Author(s):  
Yashoda Naik ◽  
David B. Allen ◽  
Jens Eickhoff ◽  
Aaron L. Carrel
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Total Body

AbstractBMIz-score (BMIz) is commonly used to assess childhood obesity. Whether change in BMIz score predicts change in visceral fat remains unclear. The objective of the work was to study changes in visceral fat, cardiovascular fitness (CVF), and metabolic health over 6 months in children with stable/decreased-BMIz vs. increased-BMIz. Ninety children with obesity, referred for lifestyle intervention were studied (mean age 11±3.1 years, 50% girls, 22% Hispanic). Assessment included abdominal and total fat by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), sub-maximal VO2 for CVF, anthropometrics, and fasting insulin, glucose, HDL-C, triglycerides, AST and ALT at 0 and 6 months. Sixty-three children (70%) showed a stable/decrease in BMIz over 6 months. There was no significant change in total body fat between groups (−1.3±2.9% in BMIz-stable/down vs. − 0.6 ± 2.6% BMIz-up, p=0.459); however, BMIz-stable/down group showed a decrease in visceral fat compared to the BMIz-up group (−258±650 g vs.+137±528 g, p=0.009). BMIz-stable/down group also demonstrated increased CVF (+1.2 ml/kg/min, p<0.001), not seen in the BMIz-up group. Neither group had significant changes in metabolic markers. Preventing BMIz increase in obese children predicts a significant decrease in visceral fat even if total body fat is unchanged. This is often associated with increased fitness. Thus, increasing fitness level and keeping BMI stable are strategic initial goals for obese children.

A direct anabolic effect of progesterone in the intact female rat

1983 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shirling ◽  
J. P. Ashby ◽  
J. D. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Anabolic Effect ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Rats implanted with progesterone gained weight more rapidly than controls and had a greater percentage of total body fat. The dietary intake of hormone-treated animals was restricted to control levels. The food was supplied in small quantities at regular intervals over a 24-h period with the aid of automatic feeding machines. The observed changes in body weight and composition are therefore not related to either an increased intake of energy or a change in the pattern of feeding after implantation.

The growth of Clun and Southdown sheep: body composition and the partitioning of total body fat

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Butler-Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Omental Fat

ABSTRACTThe growth of Southdown and Clun lambs was studied over the period birth to 415 days of age.At birth, 50, 100, 150 and 200 days of age five lambs of each breed, and at 415 days three lambs of each breed, were slaughtered and their body composition determined by dissection.The relative growth of lean, bone and total body fat was not influenced by breed. At each age both Cluns and Southdowns had similar proportions of total body fat, and were considered to be at the same stage of maturity.There was a breed difference in fat partitioning, with the Clun depositing proportionately more of its total body fat intra-abdominally, compared with the Southdown. However, there was no significant effect of breed on the growth of individual fat depots relative to total fat. From earliest to latest the order of maturity was pericardial, intermuscular, perirenal-retroperitoneal, mesenteric, subcutaneous and lastly, omental fat.

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