scholarly journals Ability of the 4-D-Var analysis of the GOSAT BESD XCO<sub>2</sub> retrievals to characterize atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> at large and synoptic scales

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1653-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Massart ◽  
Anna Agustí-Panareda ◽  
Jens Heymann ◽  
Michael Buchwitz ◽  
Frédéric Chevallier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Frontal Systems ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. This study presents results from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) carbon dioxide (CO2) analysis system where the atmospheric CO2 is controlled through the assimilation of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) from the Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). The analysis is compared to a free-run simulation (without assimilation of XCO2), and they are both evaluated against XCO2 data from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). We show that the assimilation of the GOSAT XCO2 product from the Bremen Optimal Estimation Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (BESD) algorithm during the year 2013 provides XCO2 fields with an improved mean absolute error of 0.6 parts per million (ppm) and an improved station-to-station bias deviation of 0.7  ppm compared to the free run (1.1 and 1.4  ppm, respectively) and an improved estimated precision of 1  ppm compared to the GOSAT BESD data (3.3  ppm). We also show that the analysis has skill for synoptic situations in the vicinity of frontal systems, where the GOSAT retrievals are sparse due to cloud contamination. We finally computed the 10-day forecast from each analysis at 00:00  UTC, and we demonstrate that the CO2 forecast shows synoptic skill for the largest-scale weather patterns (of the order of 1000  km) even up to day 5 compared to its own analysis.

scholarly journals Ability of the 4-D-Var analysis of the GOSAT BESD XCO<sub>2</sub> retrievals to characterize atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> at large and synoptic scales

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (18) ◽  
pp. 26273-26313
Author(s):  
S. Massart ◽  
A. Agustí-Panareda ◽  
J. Heymann ◽  
M. Buchwitz ◽  
F. Chevallier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Var Analysis ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Anomaly Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Frontal Systems ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. This study presents results from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) carbon dioxide (CO2) analysis system where the atmospheric CO2 is controlled through the assimilation of column-average dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) from the Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). The analysis is compared to a free run simulation and they are both evaluated against XCO2 data from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). We show that the assimilation of the GOSAT XCO2 product from the Bremen Optimal Estimation DOAS (BESD) algorithm during the year 2013 provides XCO2 fields with an improved station-to-station bias deviation of 0.7 parts per million (ppm) compared to the free run (1.4 ppm) and an improved estimated precision of ~ 1 ppm compared to the used GOSAT data (3.4 ppm). We also show that the analysis has skill for synoptic situations in the vicinity of frontal systems where the GOSAT retrievals are sparse due to cloud contamination. We finally computed the 10 day forecast from each analysis at 00:00 UTC. Compared to its own analysis the CO2 forecast shows synoptic skill for the largest scale weather patterns even up to day 5 according to the anomaly correlation coefficient.

scholarly journals Polar Stratospheric Clouds Detection at Belgrano II Antarctic Station with Visible Ground-Based Spectroscopic Measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1412
Author(s):  
Laura Gomez-Martin ◽  
Daniel Toledo ◽  
Cristina Prados-Roman ◽  
Jose Antonio Adame ◽  
Hector Ochoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Gas ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Polar Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Meteorological Model ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Stratospheric Temperature ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Good Agreement

By studying the evolution of the color index (CI) during twilight at high latitudes, polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) can be detected and characterized. In this work, this method has been applied to the measurements obtained by a visible ground-based spectrometer and PSCs have been studied over the Belgrano II Antarctic station for years 2018 and 2019. The methodology applied has been validated by full spherical radiative transfer simulations, which confirm that PSCs can be detected and their altitude estimated with this instrumentation. Moreover, our investigation shows that this method is useful even in presence of optically thin tropospheric clouds or aerosols. PSCs observed in this work have been classified by altitude. Our results are in good agreement with the stratospheric temperature evolution obtained by the global meteorological model ECMWF (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts) and with satellite PSCs observations from CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol-Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations). To investigate the presence and long-term evolution of PSCs, the methodology used in this work could also be applied to foreseen and/or historical observations obtained with ground-based spectrometers such e. g. those dedicated to Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) for trace gas observation in Arctic and Antarctic sites.

scholarly journals Water vapour profiles from SCIAMACHY solar occultation measurements derived with an onion peeling approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Noël ◽  
K. Bramstedt ◽  
A. Rozanov ◽  
H. Bovensmann ◽  
J. P. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Wavelength Region ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Retrieval Method ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Solar Occultation ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Scanning Imaging

Abstract. A new retrieval method has been developed to derive water vapour number density profiles from solar occultation measurements of the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY). This method is intentionally kept simple and based on a combination of an onion peeling approach with a modified DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) fit in the wavelength region around 940 nm. Reasonable resulting water vapour profiles are currently obtained in the altitude range 15–45 km. Comparisons of the SCIAMACHY profiles with water vapour data provided by the Atmospheric Chemistry Explorer Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) show an average agreement within about 5% between 20 and 45 km. SCIAMACHY water vapour data tend to be systematically higher than ACE-FTS. These results are in principal confirmed by comparisons with water vapour profiles derived from model data of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), although ECMWF concentrations are systematicly lower than both corresponding SCIAMACHY and ACE-FTS data at all altitudes.

scholarly journals Water vapour profiles from SCIAMACHY solar occultation measurements derived with an onion peeling approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-235
Author(s):  
S. Noël ◽  
K. Bramstedt ◽  
A. Rozanov ◽  
H. Bovensmann ◽  
J. P. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Wavelength Region ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Retrieval Method ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Solar Occultation ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Scanning Imaging

Abstract. A new retrieval method has been developed to derive water vapour number density profiles from solar occultation measurements of the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY). This method is intentionally kept simple and based on a combination of an onion peeling approach with a modified DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) fit in the wavelength region around 940 nm. Reasonable resulting water vapour profiles are currently obtained in the altitude range 15–45 km. Comparisons of the SCIAMACHY profiles with water vapour data provided by the Atmospheric Chemistry Explorer Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) show an average agreement within about 5% between 20 and 45 km. SCIAMACHY water vapour data tend to be systematically higher than ACE-FTS. These results are in principal confirmed by comparisons with water vapour profiles derived from model data of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), although ECMWF concentrations are systematicly lower than both corresponding SCIAMACHY and ACE-FTS data at all altitudes.

scholarly journals The Greenhouse Gas Climate Change Initiative (GHG-CCI): comparative validation of GHG-CCI SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT and TANSO-FTS/GOSAT CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> retrieval algorithm products with measurements from the TCCON network

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 8679-8741 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dils ◽  
M. Buchwitz ◽  
M. Reuter ◽  
O. Schneising ◽  
H. Boesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Weighting Function ◽  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Change Initiative ◽  
The University

Abstract. Column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide and methane have been retrieved from spectra acquired by the TANSO-FTS and SCIAMACHY instruments on board GOSAT and ENVISAT using a range of European retrieval algorithms. These retrievals have been compared with data from ground-based high-resolution Fourier Transform Spectrometers (FTS) from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). The participating algorithms are the Weighting Function Modified Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) algorithm (WFMD, University of Bremen), the Bremen Optimal Estimation DOAS algorithm (BESD, University of Bremen), the Iterative Maximum A Posteriori DOAS (IMAP, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Netherlands Institute for Space Research algorithm (SRON)), the proxy and full-physics versions of SRON's RemoTeC algorithm (SRPR and SRFP respectively) and the proxy and full-physics versions of the University of Leicester's adaptation of the OCO (Orbiting Carbon Observatory) algorithm (OCPR and OCFP respectively). The goal of this algorithm inter-comparison was to identify strengths and weaknesses of the various so-called Round Robin data sets generated with the various algorithms so as to determine which of the competing algorithms would proceed to the next round of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Greenhouse Gas Climate Change Initiative (GHG-CCI) project, which is the generation of the so-called Climate Research Data Package (CRDP), which is the first version of the Essential Climate Variable (ECV) "Greenhouse Gases" (GHG). For CO2, all algorithms reach the precision requirements for inverse modelling (< 8 ppb), with only WFMD having a lower precision (4.7 ppm) than the other algorithm products (2.4–2.5 ppm). When looking at the seasonal relative accuracy (SRA, variability of the bias in space and time), none of the algorithms have reached the demanding < 0.5 ppm threshold. For CH4, the precision for both SCIAMACHY products (50.2 ppb for IMAP and 76.4 ppb for WFMD) fail to meet the < 34 ppb threshold, but note that this work focusses on the period after the 2005 SCIAMACHY detector degradation. The GOSAT XCH4 precision ranges between 18.1 and 14.0 ppb. Looking at the SRA, all GOSAT algorithm products reach the < 10 ppm threshold (values ranging between 5.4 and 6.2 ppb). For SCIAMACHY, IMAP and WFMD have a SRA of 17.2 ppb and 10.5 ppb respectively.

scholarly journals Unregulated Emissions from Natural Gas Taxi Based on IVE Model

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Liang Mu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Junzheng Qiu ◽  
Chuanlong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Localization Model ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Unregulated Emissions ◽  
Ive Model

Emissions from motor vehicles have gained the attention of government agencies. To alleviate air pollution and reduce the petroleum demand from vehicles in China, the policy of “oil to gas” was vigorously carried out. Qingdao began to promote the use of natural gas vehicles (NGVs) in 2003. By the end of 2016, there were 9460 natural gas (NG) taxis in Qingdao, which accounted for 80% of the total taxis. An understanding of policy implementation for emission reductions is required. Experiments to obtain the taxi driving conditions and local parameters were investigated and an international vehicle emissions (IVE) localization model was established. Combined with vehicle mass analysis system (VMAS) experiments, the IVE localization model was amended and included the taxi pollutant emission factors. The result indicates that annual total carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from actual taxis are 6411.87 t, carbureted hydrogen (HC) emissions are 124.85 t, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions are 1397.44 t and particulate matter (PM) emissions are 8.9 t. When the taxis are running on pure natural gas, the annual emissions of CO, HC, NOx and PM are 4942.3 t, 48.15 t, 1496.01 t and 5.13 t, respectively. Unregulated emissions of annual total formaldehydes, benzene, acetaldehyde, 1,3-butadience emissions from an actual taxi are 65.99 t, 4.68 t, 1.04 t and 8.83 t. When the taxi is running on pure natural gas, the above unregulated emissions are 12.11 t, 1.27 t, 1.5 t and 0.02 t, respectively.

Impact of planetary waves on infrasound propagation uncertainties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Blanc ◽  
Patrick Hupe ◽  
Bernd Kaifler ◽  
Natalie Kaifler ◽  
Alexis Le Pichon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Activity ◽  
Atmospheric Dynamics ◽  
Planetary Waves ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Atmospheric Models ◽  
Period Range ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Atmospheric Disturbances ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Model Improvement

&lt;p&gt;The uncertainties in the infrasound technology arise from the middle atmospheric disturbances, which are partly underrepresented in the atmospheric models such as in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) products used for infrasound propagation simulations. In the framework of the ARISE (Atmospheric dynamics Research InfraStructure in Europe) project, multi-instrument observations are performed to provide new data sets for model improvement and future assimilations. In an unexpected way, new observations using the autonomous CORAL lidar showed significant differences between ECMWF analysis fields and observations in Argentina in the period range between 0.1 and 10 days. The model underestimates the wave activity, especially in the summer. During the same season, the infrasound bulletins of the IS02 station in Argentina indicate the presence of two prevailing directions of the detections, which are not reflected by the simulations. Observations at the Haute Provence Observatory (OHP) are used for comparison in different geophysical conditions. The origin of the observed anomalies are discussed in term of planetary waves effect on the infrasound propagation.&lt;/p&gt;

Hochaufgelöste Simulation von meteorologischen Feldern in urbanen Räumen mit dem Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Modell

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas N. Pilz ◽  
Sanam N. Vardag ◽  
Joachim Fallmann ◽  
André Butz
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Weather Research And Forecasting ◽  
Gas Monitoring ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
European Centre ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Erste Ergebnisse ◽  
Weather Research

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;St&amp;#228;dte und Kommunen sind f&amp;#252;r mehr als 70% &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;der globalen, fossilen CO2-Emissionen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; verantwortlich, sodass hier ein enormes Mitigationspotential besteht. Informationen &amp;#252;ber (inner-)st&amp;#228;dtische CO2-Emissionen stehen allerdings oft nicht &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;in hoher zeitlicher und r&amp;#228;umlicher Aufl&amp;#246;sung&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; zur Verf&amp;#252;gung und sind &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;meist&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; mit gro&amp;#223;en Unsicherheiten behaftet. Diese Umst&amp;#228;nde erschweren eine zielgerichtete und effiziente Mitigation im urbanen Raum. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;St&amp;#228;dtische Messnetzwerke k&amp;#246;nnen als unabh&amp;#228;ngige Informationsquelle einen Beitrag leisten, um CO2-Emissionen in St&amp;#228;dten zu quantifizieren und Mitigation zu verifizieren&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Verschiedene denkbare Beobachtungsstrategien sollten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; im Vorfeld abgew&amp;#228;gt werden, um urbane Emissionen bestm&amp;#246;glich, d.h. mit der erforderlichen Genauigkeit und &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Kosteneffizienz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; zu quantifizieren. So k&amp;#246;nnen Messnetzwerke die Basis f&amp;#252;r zielgerichtete und kosteneffiziente Mitigation legen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Im Rahmen des Verbundvorhabens &amp;#8222;Integrated Greenhouse Gas Monitoring System for Germany&amp;#8220; (ITMS) werden wir verschiedene Beobachtungsstrategien f&amp;#252;r urbane R&amp;#228;ume entwerfen und mit Hilfe von Modellsimulation evaluieren und abw&amp;#228;gen. Notwendige Voraussetzung f&amp;#252;r &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;die Evaluation der Strategien&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; ist eine akkurate Repr&amp;#228;sentation des atmosph&amp;#228;rischen Transports im Modell.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Diese Studie zeigt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; erste Ergebnisse der hochaufl&amp;#246;senden (1kmx1km) meteorologischen Simulationen f&amp;#252;r den Rhein-Neckar-Raum mit dem WRF Modell. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Die in WRF simulierten meteorologischen Gr&amp;#246;&amp;#223;en werden f&amp;#252;r verschiedene Modellkonfigurationen mit &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;re-analysierten Daten des European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) und ausgew&amp;#228;hlten Messstationen verglichen. Damit evaluieren wir &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;den Einfluss unterschiedlicher Nudging-Strategien, Parametrisierungen physikalischer Prozesse und urbaner Interaktionen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; auf &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;die Modellperformance&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;von&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; Lufttemperatur, Windrichtung, Windgeschwindigkeit und Grenzschichth&amp;#246;he. Durch diese Analysen gew&amp;#228;hrleisten wir, dass die Simulation der Beobachtungsstrategien auf robuste&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; und realistische&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; atmosph&amp;#228;rischen Transport basieren und schlussendlich repr&amp;#228;sentative Empfehlungen f&amp;#252;r den Aufbau von Messnetzwerken liefern k&amp;#246;nnen. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Aerosol Assimilation of lidar data from Satellite (AEOLUS) and Ground-based (EARLINET) instruments in COMPO-IFS.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Letertre-Danczak ◽  
Angela Benedetti ◽  
Drasko Vasiljevic ◽  
Alain Dabas ◽  
Thomas Flament ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Data ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Operational Model ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
First Results ◽  
Monitoring Service ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Good Quality Data

&lt;p&gt;Since several years, the number of aerosol data coming from lidar has grown and improved in quality. These new datasets are providing a valuable information on the vertical distribution of aerosols which is missing in the AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth), which has been used so far in aerosols analysis. The launch of AEOLUS in 2018 has increased the interest in the assimilation of the aerosol lidar information. In parallel, the ground-based network EARLINET (European Aerosol Research LIdar NETwork) has grown to cover the Europe with good quality data. Assimilation of these data in the ECMWF/CAMS (European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts / Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) system is expected to provide improvements in the aerosol analyses and forecasts.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Three preliminary studies have been done in the past four years using AEOLUS data (A3S-ESA funded) and EARLINET data (ACTRIS-2 and EUNADIC-AV, EU-funded). These studies have allowed the full development of the tangent linear and adjoint code for lidar backscatter in the ECMWF's 4D-VAR system. These developments are now in the operational model version in research mode. The first results are promising and open the path to more intake of aerosol lidar data for assimilation purposes. The future launch of EARTHCARE (Earth-Cloud Aerosol and Radiation Explorer) and later ACCP (Aerosol Cloud, Convention and Precipitation) might even upgrade the use of aerosol lidar data in COMPO-IFS (Composition-Integrated Forecast system).&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;The most recent results using AEOLUS data (for October 2019 and April 2020) and using EARLINET data (October 2020) will be shown in this presentation. The output will be compared to the CAMS operational aerosol forecast as well as to independent data from AERONET (AErosol Robotic NETwork).&lt;/p&gt;

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