scholarly journals Mercury isotopic compositions in fine particles and offshore surface seawater in a coastal area of East China: Implication for Hg sources and atmospheric transformations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Xu ◽  
Jiayan Shi ◽  
Yuping Chen ◽  
Yanru Zhang ◽  
Mengrong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
East China ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Spatial Difference ◽  
Surface Seawater ◽  
Chemical Tracers ◽  
Isotopic Compositions ◽  
Source Materials

Abstract. Isotopic compositions of Hg in atmospheric particles (HgPM) are probably the mixed results of emission sources and atmospheric processes. Here, we present Hg isotopic compositions in daily fine particles (PM2.5) collected from an industrial site (CX) and a nearby mountain site (DMS) in a coastal area of East China, as well as in surface seawater close to the industrial area, to reveal the roles of anthropogenic emission sources and atmospheric transformations in varying Hg isotopes. The PM2.5 samples displayed significant spatial difference in δ202Hg. For the CX, the negative δ202Hg values were similar to those of source materials and HgPM contents were well correlated with other chemical tracers, indicating the dominant contributions of local industrial activities to HgPM2.5. Whereas the observed positive δ202Hg at the DMS was likely associated with regional emissions and extended photo-reduction during transport. Δ199Hg values in PM2.5 from the CX and DMS were comparable positive. The unity slope of Δ199Hg versus Δ201Hg over all data suggests that the odd-MIF of HgPM2.5 was primarily induced by photo-reduction in aerosols. The positive Δ200Hg values with minor spatial difference were probably associated with photo-oxidation of Hg0 which is generally enhanced in the coastal environment. Total Hg in offshore surface seawater was characterized by negative δ202Hg and near-zero Δ199Hg and Δ200Hg, which are indistinguishable from Hg isotopes of source materials. Overall, industrial PM2.5 had comparable δ202Hg values but more positive Δ199Hg and Δ200Hg as compared to surface seawater. The results indicate that atmospheric transformations would induce significant fractionation of Hg isotopes, which obscures Hg isotopes of anthropogenic emissions.

scholarly journals Mercury isotopic compositions in fine particles and offshore surface seawater in a coastal area of East China: implications for Hg sources and atmospheric transformations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 18543-18555
Author(s):  
Lingling Xu ◽  
Jiayan Shi ◽  
Yuping Chen ◽  
Yanru Zhang ◽  
Mengrong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
East China ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Spatial Difference ◽  
Surface Seawater ◽  
Atmospheric Processes ◽  
Isotopic Compositions ◽  
Source Materials

Abstract. Isotopic compositions of Mercury (Hg) in atmospheric particles (HgPM) are probably the mixed results of emission sources and atmospheric processes. Here, we present Hg isotopic compositions in daily fine particles (PM2.5) collected from an industrial site (Chunxiao – CX) and a nearby mountain site (Daimeishan – DMS) in a coastal area of East China, and in surface seawater close to the industrial area, to reveal the influence of anthropogenic emission sources and atmospheric transformations on Hg isotopes. The PM2.5 samples displayed a significant spatial difference in δ202Hg. For the CX site, the negative δ202Hg values are similar to those of source materials, and the HgPM contents were well correlated with chemical tracers, indicating the dominant contributions of local industrial activities to HgPM2.5, whereas the observed positive δ202Hg at the DMS site was likely associated with regional emissions and extended atmospheric processes during transport. The Δ199Hg values in PM2.5 from the CX and DMS sites were comparably positive. The unity slope of Δ199Hg versus Δ201Hg over all data suggests that the odd mass independent fractionation (MIF) of HgPM2.5 was primarily induced by the photoreduction of Hg2+ in aerosols. The positive Δ200Hg values with a minor spatial difference were probably associated with the photooxidation of Hg0, which is generally enhanced in the coastal environment. Total Hg in offshore surface seawater was characterized by negative δ202Hg and near-zero Δ199Hg and Δ200Hg values, which are indistinguishable from Hg isotopes of source materials. Overall, the PM2.5 collected from industrial areas had comparable δ202Hg values but more positive Δ199Hg and Δ200Hg as compared to surface seawater. The results indicate that atmospheric transformations would induce the significant fractionation of Hg isotopes and obscure the Hg isotopic signatures of anthropogenic emissions.

Atmospheric Deposition of Solid Particles in the Area of Košice

2015 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 188-196
Author(s):  
Jozef Hančuľák ◽  
Tomáš Kurbel ◽  
Erika Fedorová ◽  
Jaroslav Briančin ◽  
Oľga Šestinová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Edx Analysis ◽  
Fe Oxides ◽  
Iron And Steel Works ◽  
Steel Works

The total atmospheric deposition (AD) was sampled in the urban and industrial area with iron and steel works and other urban sources of pollution. The eleven sampling sites have been placed on the roof above the height of the surrounding buildings at a distance of between 1 and 15 kilometers from the largest industrial source of air pollution in Slovakia. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the AD of solid particles (PM) and the fluxes AD of elements (Fe, Al, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, As) were studied. Particle size distribution, SEM and EDX analysis were applied for PM characterization. Relatively high occurrence of fine particles under 10 µm (12.1 - 47.7%) were found in the samples. SEM and EDX analysis showed the presence of particles whose origin is mainly from emission sources of ironworks (Fe oxides, Fe-rich particles, Ca-rich particles, Mn-Fe oxides). The extremely high values of AD of Fe (18,551 and 27,232 µg.m-2.day-1) and Mn (695 and 1295 µg.m-2.day-1) were measured at two sites near (1.3 and 4.5 km) the iron and steel works compared to the AD of the other areas. The portion of emission sources iron and steel works on the AD of Fe and PM fluxes at the individual sites in the city was calculated in the range of 21.8 to 51.4%. The results from 2009–2014 are introduced.

Seasonal variations in pCO2 and its controlling factors in surface seawater of the northern East China Sea

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (20) ◽  
pp. 2623-2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
JeongHee Shim ◽  
Dongseon Kim ◽  
Young Chul Kang ◽  
Jae Hak Lee ◽  
Sung-Tae Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East China Sea ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
East China ◽  
Surface Seawater ◽  
China Sea

Distribution, sources and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the estuarine–coastal sediments in the East China Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Li ◽  
Xinran Liu ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Xiaofei Li ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
East China Sea ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
East China ◽  
The East China Sea ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Estuarine Coastal

Pollution by PAHs in the estuarine–coastal area of the ECS should be paid attention.

scholarly journals Non methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) fingerprints of major urban and agricultural emission sources active in South Asia for use in source apportionment studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Vinayak Sinha ◽  
Muhammed Shabin ◽  
Haseeb Hakkim ◽  
Bernard Bonsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
Chemical Tracers ◽  
Evaporative Emissions ◽  
Vehicular Exhaust

Abstract. In complex atmospheric emission environments such as urban agglomerates, multiple sources control the ambient chemical composition driving air quality and regional climate. In contrast to pristine sites, where reliance on single or few chemical tracers is often adequate to resolve pollution plumes and source influences, comprehensive chemical fingerprinting of sources using non-methane hydrocarbons and identification of suitable tracer molecule/molecules and emission ratios is necessary. Here, we characterize and present chemical fingerprints of some major urban and agricultural emission sources active in South Asia such as paddy stubble burning, garbage burning, idling vehicular exhaust and evaporative fuel emissions. Whole air samples were collected actively from the emission sources in passivated air sampling steel canisters and then analyzed for 49 NMHCs (22 alkanes, 16 aromatics, 10 alkene and 1 alkyne) using thermal desorption gas chromatography flame ionisation detection (TD-GC-FID). Based on the measured source profiles, chemical tracers were identified for distinguishing varied emission sources and also for use in PMF source apportionment models. Thus, we were able to identify chemical tracers such as i-pentane for petrol vehicular exhaust and evaporative emissions, propane for LPG evaporative and LPG vehicular exhaust emissions, and acetylene for the biomass fires during the flaming stage. Furthermore, we observed propane to be a major NMHC emission (8 %) from paddy stubble fires and therefore in an emission environment impacted by crop residue fires, use of propane as a fugitive LPG emission tracer requires caution. Isoprene was identified as a potential tracer for distinguishing paddy stubble and garbage burning in the absence of isoprene emissions at night from biogenic sources. Diesel vehicular exhaust comprised of > 50 % alkenes and alkyne by mass composition while diesel evaporative emissions were enriched in C5–C8 alkanes and aromatics. The secondary pollutant formation potential and human health impact of the sources was also assessed in terms of their OH reactivity (s−1), ozone formation potential (OFP, gO3/gNMHC) and fractional BTEX content. Petrol vehicular exhaust emissions, paddy stubble fires and garbage fires were identified as the most polluting among the sources studied in this work. Source specific inter-NMHC molar ratios which are often employed for identifying ambient air pollution emission plumes and assessing photochemical ageing were also examined. Toluene / benzene (T / B) ratios were a good tracer for distinguishing the paddy stubble fire emissions in flaming (0.42) and smoldering stages (1.39), garbage burning emissions (0.21–0.32) and traffic emissions (3.54). While i-butane / n-butane ratios were found to be similar (0.20–0.30) for many sources, i-pentane / n-pentane ratios were useful for distinguishing biomass burning emissions (0.09–0.70) from the traffic/fossil fuel emissions (1.55–8.77). The results of this study provide a new foundational framework for quantitative source apportionment studies in complex emission environments such as South Asia.

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