scholarly journals Chinese SO<sub>2</sub> pollution over Europe – Part 1: Airborne trace gas measurements and source identification by particle dispersion model simulations

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1377-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Fiedler ◽  
R. Nau ◽  
S. Ludmann ◽  
F. Arnold ◽  
H. Schlager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Identification ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
The North ◽  
Transport Experiment ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
Gas Measurements

Abstract. A large SO2-rich pollution plume of Chinese origin was detected by aircraft based CIMS (Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry) measurements at 3–7.5 km altitude over the North Atlantic on 3 May 2006 during the INTEX (Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment) campaign. Additional trace gases (NO, NOy, CO, H2O) were measured and used for comparison and source identification. All measurements took place aboard the German research aircraft Falcon. The atmospheric SO2 mole fraction was markedly increased inside the plume and reached up to 900 pmol/mol. The measured ratio SO2/NOy of 1.4 suggests combustion of coal or fuel with a very high sulfur content as a source of the excess SO2. Accompanying FLEXPART particle dispersion model simulations indicate that the probed pollution plume originated at low altitudes over densely populated and industrialized areas in eastern China about 8–12 days prior to the measurements.

scholarly journals East Asian SO<sub>2</sub> pollution plume over Europe – Part 1: Airborne trace gas measurements and source identification by particle dispersion model simulations

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 4717-4728 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Fiedler ◽  
R. Nau ◽  
S. Ludmann ◽  
F. Arnold ◽  
H. Schlager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Identification ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
The North ◽  
Transport Experiment ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
Gas Measurements

Abstract. A large SO2-rich pollution plume of East Asian origin was detected by aircraft based CIMS (Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry) measurements at 3–7.5 km altitude over the North Atlantic. The measurements, which took place on 3 May 2006 aboard of the German research aircraft Falcon, were part of the INTEX-B (Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-B) campaign. Additional trace gases (NO, NOy, CO, H2O) were measured and used for comparison and source identification. The atmospheric SO2 mole fraction was markedly increased inside the plume and reached up to 900 pmol/mol. Accompanying lagrangian FLEXPART particle dispersion model simulations indicate that the probed pollution plume originated at low altitudes from densely populated and industrialized regions of East Asia, primarily China, about 8–12 days prior to the measurements.

scholarly journals Boundary layer and free-tropospheric dimethyl sulfide in the Arctic spring and summer

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 8757-8770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghayeh Ghahremaninezhad ◽  
Ann-Lise Norman ◽  
Betty Croft ◽  
Randall V. Martin ◽  
Jeffrey R. Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
Mixing Ratios

Abstract. Vertical distributions of atmospheric dimethyl sulfide (DMS(g)) were sampled aboard the research aircraft Polar 6 near Lancaster Sound, Nunavut, Canada, in July 2014 and on pan-Arctic flights in April 2015 that started from Longyearbyen, Spitzbergen, and passed through Alert and Eureka, Nunavut, and Inuvik, Northwest Territories. Larger mean DMS(g) mixing ratios were present during April 2015 (campaign mean of 116  ±  8 pptv) compared to July 2014 (campaign mean of 20  ±  6 pptv). During July 2014, the largest mixing ratios were found near the surface over the ice edge and open water. DMS(g) mixing ratios decreased with altitude up to about 3 km. During April 2015, profiles of DMS(g) were more uniform with height and some profiles showed an increase with altitude. DMS reached as high as 100 pptv near 2500 m. Relative to the observation averages, GEOS-Chem (www.geos-chem.org) chemical transport model simulations were higher during July and lower during April. Based on the simulations, more than 90 % of the July DMS(g) below 2 km and more than 90 % of the April DMS(g) originated from Arctic seawater (north of 66° N). During April, 60 % of the DMS(g), between 500 and 3000 m originated from Arctic seawater. During July 2014, FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model) simulations locate the sampled air mass over Baffin Bay and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago 4 days back from the observations. During April 2015, the locations of the air masses 4 days back from sampling were varied: Baffin Bay/Canadian Archipelago, the Arctic Ocean, Greenland and the Pacific Ocean. Our results highlight the role of open water below the flight as the source of DMS(g) during July 2014 and the influence of long-range transport (LRT) of DMS(g) from further afield in the Arctic above 2500 m during April 2015.

scholarly journals Moisture Sources for the Explosive Cyclogenesis of Extratropical Cyclone Miguel (2019) through a Lagrangian Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Patricia Coll-Hidalgo ◽  
Albenis Pérez-Alarcón ◽  
José Carlos Fernández-Alvarez ◽  
Raquel Nieto ◽  
Luis Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
Moisture Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
Uptake Pattern

In this study, the moisture sources for the explosive cyclogenesis Miguel that occurred during 4–9 June 2019 in the North Atlantic were investigated. To determine the moisture sources, the Lagrangian FLEXPART particle dispersion model was used. The moisture uptake pattern revealed the western North Atlantic Ocean extending to north-western North America, the south-eastern coast of Greenland, and the central North Atlantic Ocean around 45° N and 50°–20° W as the main moisture sources for Miguel explosive cyclogenesis. Furthermore, the moisture uptake from these regions was higher than the climatology. During the intensification of Miguel, the moisture contribution from oceanic sources was higher than terrestrial sources. Although the total amount of atmospheric moisture achieved during the explosive intensification was similar to that absorbed the 24 h prior, they changed in intensity geographically, being more intense the local support over central and northern North Atlantic basin.

scholarly journals Water Budgets of Tropical Cyclones through a Lagrangian Approach: A Case of Study of Hurricane Irma (2017)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Albenis Pérez-Alarcón ◽  
Raquel Nieto ◽  
Luis Gimeno ◽  
José C. Fernández-Alvarez ◽  
Patricia Coll-Hidalgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Lagrangian Approach ◽  
Moisture Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
Hurricane Irma

This study examined the water budget of Hurricane Irma (2017) through a Lagrangian approach. To identify the moisture sources for the Hurricane Irma genesis and intensification the particle dispersion model FLEXPART was used. The North Atlantic Ocean between 15° and 30° North latitude and the South Atlantic Ocean were identified as the main moisture sources for Irma development. From the perspective of the water budget, the maximum accumulated precipitation along Irma’s trajectory coincides with the maximum water budget efficiency, which suggests that total precipitation depends largely on the water vapour supplied, rather than the storm intensity. Furthermore, the moisture supply from the surface under the area delimited by hurricane size is small, thus, the water vapour supply from the environment through the secondary circulation transports more moisture inward.

scholarly journals Around the world in 17 days - hemispheric-scale transport of forest fire smoke from Russia in May 2003

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1311-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Damoah ◽  
N. Spichtinger ◽  
C. Forster ◽  
P. James ◽  
I. Mattis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Medium Range Weather Forecast ◽  
Model Simulations

Abstract. In May 2003, severe forest fires in southeast Russia resulted in smoke plumes extending widely across the Northern Hemisphere. This study combines satellite data from a variety of platforms (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME)) and vertical aerosol profiles derived with Raman lidar measurements with results from a Lagrangian particle dispersion model to understand the transport processes that led to the large haze plumes observed over North America and Europe. The satellite images provided a unique opportunity for validating model simulations of tropospheric transport on a truly hemispheric scale. Transport of the smoke occurred in two directions: Smoke travelling northwestwards towards Scandinavia was lifted over the Urals and arrived over the Norwegian Sea. Smoke travelling eastwards to the Okhotsk Sea was also lifted, it then crossed the Bering Sea to Alaska from where it proceeded to Canada and was later even observed over Scandinavia and Eastern Europe on its way back to Russia. Not many events of this kind, if any, have been observed, documented and simulated with a transport model comprehensively. The total transport time was about 17 days. We compared transport model simulations using meteorological analysis data from both the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) and the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) in order to find out how well this event could be simulated using these two datasets. Although differences between the two simulations are found on small scales, both agree remarkably well with each other and with the observations on large scales. On the basis of the available observations, it cannot be decided which simulation was more realistic.

scholarly journals Impact of stratospheric intrusions and intercontinental transport on ozone at Jungfraujoch in 2005: comparison and validation of two Lagrangian approaches

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3371-3383 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cui ◽  
M. Sprenger ◽  
J. Staehelin ◽  
A. Siegrist ◽  
M. Kunz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
North American ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
The North ◽  
Intercontinental Transport ◽  
Stratospheric Intrusions

Abstract. The particle dispersion model FLEXPART and the trajectory model LAGRANTO are Lagrangian models which are widely used to study synoptic-scale atmospheric air flows such as stratospheric intrusions (SI) and intercontinental transport (ICT). In this study, we focus on SI and ICT events particularly from the North American planetary boundary layer for the Jungfraujoch (JFJ) measurement site, Switzerland, in 2005. Two representative cases of SI and ICT are identified based on measurements recorded at Jungfraujoch and are compared with FLEXPART and LAGRANTO simulations, respectively. Both models well capture the events, showing good temporal agreement between models and measurements. In addition, we investigate the performance of FLEXPART and LAGRANTO on representing SI and ICT events over the entire year 2005 in a statistical way. We found that the air at JFJ is influenced by SI during 19% (FLEXPART) and 18% (LAGRANTO), and by ICT from the North American planetary boundary layer during 13% (FLEXPART) and 12% (LAGRANTO) of the entire year. Through intercomparsion with measurements, our findings suggest that both FLEXPART and LAGRANTO are well capable of representing SI and ICT events if they last for more than 12 h, whereas both have problems on representing short events. For comparison with in-situ observations we used O3 and relative humidity for SI events. As parameters to trace ICT events we used a combination of NOy/CO and CO, however these parameters are not specific enough to distinguish aged air masses by their source regions. Moreover, a sensitivity study indicates that the agreement between models and measurements depends significantly on the threshold values applied to the individual control parameters. Generally, the less strict the thresholds are, the better the agreement between models and measurements. Although the dependence of the agreement on the threshold values is appreciable, it nevertheless confirms the conclusion that both FLEXPART and LAGRANTO are well able to capture SI and ICT events with duration longer than 12 h.

scholarly journals In-situ observation of Asian pollution transported into the Arctic lowermost stratosphere

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10975-10994 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Roiger ◽  
H. Schlager ◽  
A. Schäfler ◽  
H. Huntrieser ◽  
M. Scheibe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
The North

Abstract. On a research flight on 10 July 2008, the German research aircraft Falcon sampled an air mass with unusually high carbon monoxide (CO), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and water vapour (H2O) mixing ratios in the Arctic lowermost stratosphere. The air mass was encountered twice at an altitude of 11.3 km, ~800 m above the dynamical tropopause. In-situ measurements of ozone, NO, and NOy indicate that this layer was a mixed air mass containing both air from the troposphere and stratosphere. Backward trajectory and Lagrangian particle dispersion model analysis suggest that the Falcon sampled the top of a polluted air mass originating from the coastal regions of East Asia. The anthropogenic pollution plume experienced strong up-lift in a warm conveyor belt (WCB) located over the Russian east-coast. Subsequently the Asian air mass was transported across the North Pole into the sampling area, elevating the local tropopause by up to ~3 km. Mixing with surrounding Arctic stratospheric air most likely took place during the horizontal transport when the tropospheric streamer was stretched into long and narrow filaments. The mechanism illustrated in this study possibly presents an important pathway to transport pollution into the polar tropopause region.

scholarly journals Around the world in 17 days – hemispheric-scale transport of forest fire smoke from Russia in May 2003

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1449-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Damoah ◽  
N. Spichtinger ◽  
C. Forster ◽  
P. James ◽  
I. Mattis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Medium Range Weather Forecast ◽  
Model Simulations

Abstract. In May 2003, severe forest fires in southeast Russia resulted in smoke plumes extending widely across the Northern Hemisphere. This study combines satellite data from a variety of platforms (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME)) and vertical aerosol profiles derived with Raman lidar measurements with results from a Lagrangian particle dispersion model to understand the transport processes that led to the large haze plumes observed over North America and Europe. The satellite images provided a unique opportunity for validating model simulations of tropospheric transport on a truly hemispheric scale. Transport of the smoke occurred in two directions: Smoke travelling northwestwards towards Scandinavia was lifted over the Urals and arrived over the Norwegian Sea. Smoke travelling eastwards to the Okhotsk Sea was also lifted, it then crossed the Bering Sea to Alaska from where it proceeded to Canada and was later even observed over Scandinavia and Eastern Europe on its way back to Russia. This is perhaps the first time that air pollution was observed to circle the entire globe. The total transport time was about 17 days. We compared transport model simulations using meteorological analysis data from both the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) and the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) in order to find out how well this event could be simulated using these two datasets. Although differences between the two simulations are found on small scales, both agree remarkably well with each other and with the observations on large scales. On the basis of the available observations, it cannot be decided which simulation was more realistic.

scholarly journals Source-receptor relationships for airborne measurements of CO<sub>2</sub>, CO and O<sub>3</sub> above Siberia: a cluster-based approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1671-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-D. Paris ◽  
A. Stohl ◽  
P. Ciais ◽  
P. Nédélec ◽  
B. D. Belan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Airborne Measurements ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Source Regions

Abstract. We analysed results of three intensive aircraft campaigns above Siberia (April and September 2006, August 2007) with a total of ~70 h of continuous CO2, CO and O3 measurements. The flight route consists of consecutive ascents and descents between Novosibirsk (55° N, 82° E) and Yakutsk (62° N, 129° E). We performed retroplume calculations with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART for many short segments along the flight tracks. To reduce the extremely rich information on source regions provided by the model calculation into a small number of distinct cases, we performed a statistical clustering – to our knowledge for the first time – into potential source regions of the footprint emission sensitivities obtained from the model calculations. This technique not only worked well to separate source region influences but also resulted in clearly distinct tracer concentrations for the various clusters obtained. High CO and O3 concentrations were found associated with agricultural fire plumes originating from Kazakhstan in September 2006. A statistical analysis indicates that summer uptake of CO2 is largely explained (~50% of variance) by air mass exposure to uptake by Siberian and sub-arctic ecosystems. This resulted in an average 5 to 10 ppm difference with overlaying air masses. Stratosphere-troposphere exchange is found to strongly influence the observed O3 mixing ratios in spring, but not in summer. European emissions contributed to high O3 concentrations above Siberia in April 2006 and August 2007, while emissions from North Eastern China also contributed to higher O3 mixing ratios in summer, but tend to lower mixing ratios in spring, when the airmass aerosol burden is important. In the lower troposphere, large-scale deposition processes in the boreal and sub-arctic boundary layer is a large O3 sink, resulting in a ~20 ppb difference with overlaying air masses. Lagrangian footprint clustering is very promising and could also be advantageously applied to the interpretation of ground based measurements including calculation of tracers' sources and sinks.

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