scholarly journals The comprehensive model system COSMO-ART – radiative impact of aerosol on the state of the atmosphere on the regional scale

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 14483-14528 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Vogel ◽  
H. Vogel ◽  
D. Bäumer ◽  
M. Bangert ◽  
K. Lundgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Model System ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. A new fully online coupled model system developed for the evaluation of the interaction of aerosol particles with the atmosphere on the regional scale is described. The model system is based on the operational weather forecast model of the Deutscher Wetterdienst. Physical processes like transport, turbulent diffusion, and dry and wet deposition are treated together with photochemistry and aerosol dynamics using the modal approach. Based on detailed calculations we have developed parameterizations to examine the impact of aerosol particles on photolysis and on radiation. Currently the model allows feedback between natural and anthropogenic aerosol particles and the atmospheric variables that are initialized by the modification of the radiative fluxes. The model system is applied to two summer episodes, each lasting five days, with a model domain covering Western Europe and adjacent regions. The first episode is characterised by almost cloud free conditions and the second one by cloudy conditions. The simulated aerosol concentrations are compared to observations made at 700 stations distributed over Western Europe. For each episode two model runs are performed; one where the feedback between the aerosol particles and the atmosphere is taken into account and a second one where the feedback is neglected. Comparing these two sets of model runs, the radiative feedback on temperature and other variables is evaluated. In the cloud free case a clear correlation between the aerosol optical depth and changes in global radiation and temperature is found. In the case of cloudy conditions the pure radiative effects are superposed by changes in the liquid water content of the clouds due to changes in the thermodynamics of the atmosphere. In this case the correlation between the aerosol optical depth and its effects on temperature is low. However, on average a decrease in the 2 m temperature is still found. In both cases a reduction in the daily temperature range, due to the aerosol optical depth, can be seen with an average value of −0.13 K over Germany.

scholarly journals The comprehensive model system COSMO-ART – Radiative impact of aerosol on the state of the atmosphere on the regional scale

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 8661-8680 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Vogel ◽  
H. Vogel ◽  
D. Bäumer ◽  
M. Bangert ◽  
K. Lundgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Model System ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. A new fully online coupled model system developed for the evaluation of the interaction of aerosol particles with the atmosphere on the regional scale is described. The model system is based on the operational weather forecast model of the Deutscher Wetterdienst. Physical processes like transport, turbulent diffusion, and dry and wet deposition are treated together with photochemistry and aerosol dynamics using the modal approach. Based on detailed calculations we have developed parameterisations to examine the impact of aerosol particles on photolysis and on radiation. Currently the model allows feedback between natural and anthropogenic aerosol particles and the atmospheric variables that are initialized by the modification of the radiative fluxes. The model system is applied to two summer episodes, each lasting five days, with a model domain covering Western Europe and adjacent regions. The first episode is characterised by almost cloud free conditions and the second one by cloudy conditions. The simulated aerosol concentrations are compared to observations made at 700 stations distributed over Western Europe. For each episode two model runs are performed; one where the feedback between the aerosol particles and the atmosphere is taken into account and a second one where the feedback is neglected. Comparing these two sets of model runs, the radiative feedback on temperature and other variables is evaluated. In the cloud free case a clear correlation between the aerosol optical depth and changes in global radiation and temperature is found. In the case of cloudy conditions the pure radiative effects are superposed by changes in the liquid water content of the clouds due to changes in the thermodynamics of the atmosphere. In this case the correlation between the aerosol optical depth and its effects on temperature is low. However, on average a decrease in the 2 m temperature is still found. For the area of Germany we found on average for both cases a reduction in the global radiation of about 6 W m2, a decrease of the 2 m temperature of 0.1 K, and a reduction in the daily temperature range of −0.13 K.

scholarly journals Constraining chemical transport PM<sub>2.5</sub> modeling outputs using surface monitor measurements and satellite retrievals: application over the San Joaquin Valley

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 12891-12913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariel D. Friberg ◽  
Ralph A. Kahn ◽  
James A. Limbacher ◽  
K. Wyat Appel ◽  
James A. Mulholland
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Chemical Transport ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Uncertainty Estimates ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Advances in satellite retrieval of aerosol type can improve the accuracy of near-surface air quality characterization by providing broad regional context and decreasing metric uncertainties and errors. The frequent, spatially extensive and radiometrically consistent instantaneous constraints can be especially useful in areas away from ground monitors and progressively downwind of emission sources. We present a physical approach to constraining regional-scale estimates of PM2.5, its major chemical component species estimates, and related uncertainty estimates of chemical transport model (CTM; e.g., the Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model) outputs. This approach uses ground-based monitors where available, combined with aerosol optical depth and qualitative constraints on aerosol size, shape, and light-absorption properties from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) on the NASA Earth Observing System's Terra satellite. The CTM complements these data by providing complete spatial and temporal coverage. Unlike widely used approaches that train statistical regression models, the technique developed here leverages CTM physical constraints such as the conservation of aerosol mass and meteorological consistency, independent of observations. The CTM also aids in identifying relationships between observed species concentrations and emission sources.Aerosol air mass types over populated regions of central California are characterized using satellite data acquired during the 2013 San Joaquin field deployment of the NASA Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) project. We investigate the optimal application of incorporating 275 m horizontal-resolution aerosol air-mass-type maps and total-column aerosol optical depth from the MISR Research Aerosol retrieval algorithm (RA) into regional-scale CTM output. The impact on surface PM2.5 fields progressively downwind of large single sources is evaluated using contemporaneous surface observations. Spatiotemporal R2 and RMSE values for the model, constrained by both satellite and surface monitor measurements based on 10-fold cross-validation, are 0.79 and 0.33 for PM2.5, 0.88 and 0.65 for NO3−, 0.78 and 0.23 for SO42−, 1.00 and 1.01 for NH4+, 0.73 and 0.23 for OC, and 0.31 and 0.65 for EC, respectively. Regional cross-validation temporal and spatiotemporal R2 results for the satellite-based PM2.5 improve by 30 % and 13 %, respectively, in comparison to unconstrained CTM simulations and provide finer spatial resolution. SO42− cross-validation values showed the largest spatial and spatiotemporal R2 improvement, with a 43 % increase. Assessing this physical technique in a well-instrumented region opens the possibility of applying it globally, especially over areas where surface air quality measurements are scarce or entirely absent.

scholarly journals Constraining Chemical Transport PM<sub>2.5</sub> Modeling Using Surface Monitor Measurements and Satellite Retrievals: Application over the San Joaquin Valley

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariel D. Friberg ◽  
Ralph A. Kahn ◽  
James A. Limbacher ◽  
K. Wyat Appel ◽  
James A. Mulholland
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Chemical Transport ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Advances in satellite retrieval of aerosol type can improve the accuracy of near-surface air quality characterization, by providing broad regional context. In addition to aerosol optical depth, qualitative constraints on aerosol size, shape, and single-scattering albedo provided by multi-angle instruments, such as the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) on the NASA Earth Observing System’s Terra satellite, can provide frequent, spatially extensive, instantaneous constraints on chemical transport models (CTMs), which can be especially useful in areas away from ground monitors and progressively downwind of emission sources. CTMs (e.g. the Community Multi-scale Air Quality Modeling System) complement such data by providing complete spatial and temporal coverage, offering additional physical constraints (e.g., conservation of aerosol mass, meteorological consistency) independent of observations, and aid in identifying relationships between observed species concentrations and emission sources. Incorporating satellite aerosol information in the development of PM2.5 concentration metrics can lead to a decrease in metric uncertainties and errors. This work focuses on the degree to which regional-scale satellite and CTM data can be combined to improve surface estimates of PM2.5, its major chemical component species estimates, and related estimates of uncertainty. Aerosol airmass types over populated regions of Southern California are characterized using satellite data acquired during the 2013 San Joaquin field deployment of the NASA DISCOVER-AQ project. Using the MISR Research Aerosol retrieval algorithm (RA), we investigate and evaluate the optimal application of incorporating 275 m horizontal-resolution aerosol airmass-type maps and total-column aerosol optical depth into a 2 km resolution, regional-scale CTM output, to obtain constrained fields of surface PM2.5. Contemporaneous surface observations are used to evaluate the results. The impact of incorporating MISR aerosol data on the ability to characterize air quality progressively downwind of large single sources is discussed. The spatiotemporal R2 values for the model, constrained by both satellite and surface-monitor measurements based on 10 % withholding, are 0.79 for PM2.5, 0.88 for NO3−, 0.78 for SO42−, 1.00 for NH4+, 0.73 for OC, and 0.31 for EC. Regional cross-validation temporal and spatiotemporal R2 results for the satellite-based PM2.5 improve by 30 % and 13 %, respectively, in comparison to CTM simulations, and provide finer spatial resolution. SO42− cross-validation values showed the largest spatial and spatiotemporal R2 improvement with a 43 % increase. Assessing this technique in a well-instrumented region opens the possibility of using the satellite data to apply the technique globally.

The Impact of Dust Storms on Aerosol Optical Depth and Radiative Forcing

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Monim Jiboori ◽  
Nadia Abed ◽  
Mohamed Abdel Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Monitoring the Spatial Variation of Aerosol Optical Depth and Its Correlation with Land Use/Land Cover in Wuhan, China: A Perspective of Urban Planning

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Qijiao Xie ◽  
Qi Sun
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
The Impact

Aerosols significantly affect environmental conditions, air quality, and public health locally, regionally, and globally. Examining the impact of land use/land cover (LULC) on aerosol optical depth (AOD) helps to understand how human activities influence air quality and develop suitable solutions. The Landsat 8 image and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol products in summer in 2018 were used in LULC classification and AOD retrieval in this study. Spatial statistics and correlation analysis about the relationship between LULC and AOD were performed to examine the impact of LULC on AOD in summer in Wuhan, China. Results indicate that the AOD distribution expressed an obvious “basin effect” in urban development areas: higher AOD values concentrated in water bodies with lower terrain, which were surrounded by the high buildings or mountains with lower AOD values. The AOD values were negatively correlated with the vegetated areas while positively correlated to water bodies and construction lands. The impact of LULC on AOD varied with different contexts in all cases, showing a “context effect”. The regression correlations among the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), and AOD in given landscape contexts were much stronger than those throughout the whole study area. These findings provide sound evidence for urban planning, land use management and air quality improvement.

scholarly journals Effective aerosol optical depth from pyranometer measurements of surface solar radiation (global radiation) at Thessaloniki, Greece

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 33265-33289
Author(s):  
A. V. Lindfors ◽  
N. Kouremeti ◽  
A. Arola ◽  
S. Kazadzis ◽  
A. F. Bais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Surface Solar Radiation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract. Pyranometer measurements of the solar surface radiation (SSR) are available at many locations worldwide, often as long time series covering several decades into the past. These data constitute a potential source of information on the atmospheric aerosol load. Here, we present a method for estimating the aerosol optical depth (AOD) using pyranometer measurements of the SSR together with total water vapor column information. The method, which is based on radiative transfer simulations, was developed and tested using recent data from Thessaloniki, Greece. The effective AOD calculated using this method was found to agree well with co-located AERONET measurements, exhibiting a correlation coefficient of 0.9 with 2/3 of the data found within ±20% or ±0.05 of the AERONET AOD. This is similar to the performance of current satellite aerosol methods. Differences in the AOD as compared to AERONET can be explained by variations in the aerosol properties of the atmosphere that are not accounted for in the idealized settings used in the radiative transfer simulations, such as variations in the single scattering albedo and Ångström exponent. Furthermore, the method is sensitive to calibration offsets between the radiative transfer simulations and the pyranometer SSR. The method provides an opportunity of extending our knowledge of the atmospheric aerosol load to locations and times not covered by dedicated aerosol measurements.

The impact of Sahara dust on air quality and public health in European countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoqiao Wang ◽  
Jianwei Gu ◽  
Xurong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sahara Dust

&lt;p&gt;The frequent transport of Sahara dust toward Europe degrades the air quality and poses risk to human health. In this study we use GEOS-Chem (a global transport model) to examine the impact of Sahara dust on air quality and the consequent health effect in Europe for the year 2016&amp;#8211;2017. The simualtion is conducted in a nested model with the native resolution of 0.25&amp;#176; &amp;#215; 0.3125&amp;#176; (Latitude &amp;#215; Logitude) over Europe (32.75&amp;#176;N&amp;#8211;61.25&amp;#176;N, 15&amp;#176;W&amp;#8211;40&amp;#176;E). The simulation on a global scale with a coarse horizontal resolution of 2&amp;#176; &amp;#215; 2.5&amp;#176; is also conducted to provide the boundary condition for the nested-grid simulation as well as aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the Sahara desert for model evaluation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The model performance is evaluated by comparisons with surface observations including aerosol optical depth (AOD) from AERONET, and PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; and PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations from numerous air quality monitoring stations in European countries. Overall, the model well reproduces observed surface PM concentrations over most European countries with some underestimation in southern Europe. In addition, model AOD is highly correlated with AERONET data over both Sahara and European region.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The spatial distribution of dust concentrations, frequency of dust episodes, as well as the exposure and health effects are studied. The concentrations of Sahara dust decrease from 5&amp;#8211;20 &amp;#956;g m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; in south to 0.5&amp;#8211;1.0 &amp;#956;g m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; in north of Europe. Spain and Italy are most heavily influenced by Sahara dust in terms of both concentration levels and frequencies of occurrence. Strong dust episodes (&gt;50 &amp;#956;g m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;) occur predominately in Southern Spain and Italy with frequency of 2&amp;#8211;5%, while light dust episodes (&gt;1 &amp;#956;g m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;) are often detected (5&amp;#8211;30%) in Central and Western Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The population-weighted dust concentrations are higher in Southern European countries (3.3&amp;#8211;7.9 &amp;#956;g m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;) and lower in Western European countries (0.5&amp;#8211;0.6 &amp;#956;g m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;). The health effects of exposure to dust is evaluated based on population attributable fraction (PAF). We use the relative risk (RR) value of 1.04 (95% confidence intervals: 1.00 &amp;#8211; 1.09) per 10 &amp;#181;g m&lt;sup&gt;-3 &lt;/sup&gt;of dust exposure based on the main model of Beelen et al. (2014). We estimate a total of 41884 (95% CI: 2110&amp;#8211;81658) deaths per year attributed to the exposure to dust in the 13 European countries studied. Due to high contribution to PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; in Spain, Italy and Portugal, dust accounts for 44%, 27% and 22% of the total number of deaths linked to PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; exposure, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;

A revisit to decadal change of aerosol optical depth and its impact on global radiation over China

2017 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 106-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Tang ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
Jun Qin ◽  
Xiaolei Niu ◽  
Changgui Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Decadal Change

scholarly journals Improving air quality forecasting with the assimilation of GOCI aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals during the KORUS-AQ period

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 6015-6036
Author(s):  
Soyoung Ha ◽  
Zhiquan Liu ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Yonghee Lee ◽  
Limseok Chang
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Air Quality Forecasting

Abstract. The Korean Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) satellite has monitored the East Asian region in high temporal (e.g., hourly) and spatial resolution (e.g., 6 km) every day for the last decade, providing unprecedented information on air pollutants over the upstream region of the Korean Peninsula. In this study, the GOCI aerosol optical depth (AOD), retrieved at the 550 nm wavelength, is assimilated to enhance the quality of the aerosol analysis, thereby making systematic improvements to air quality forecasting over South Korea. For successful data assimilation, GOCI retrievals are carefully investigated and processed based on data characteristics such as temporal and spatial distribution. The preprocessed data are then assimilated in the three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3D-Var) technique for the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). For the Korea–United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) period (May 2016), the impact of GOCI AOD on the accuracy of surface PM2.5 prediction is examined by comparing with effects of other observations including Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors and surface PM2.5 observations. Consistent with previous studies, the assimilation of surface PM2.5 measurements alone still underestimates surface PM2.5 concentrations in the following forecasts, and the forecast improvements last only for about 6 h. When GOCI AOD retrievals are assimilated with surface PM2.5 observations, however, the negative bias is diminished and forecast skills are improved up to 24 h, with the most significant contributions to the prediction of heavy pollution events over South Korea.

scholarly journals A Multi Linear Regression Model to Derive Dust PM10 in the Sahel Using AERONET Aerosol Optical Depth and CALIOP Aerosol Layer Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3099
Author(s):  
Jean-François Léon ◽  
Nadège Martiny ◽  
Sébastien Merlet
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Multi Linear Regression ◽  
Sun Photometer ◽  
The Impact

Due to a limited number of monitoring stations in Western Africa, the impact of mineral dust on PM10 surface concentrations is still poorly known. We propose a new method to retrieve PM10 dust surface concentrations from sun photometer aerosol optical depth (AOD) and CALIPSO/CALIOP Level 2 aerosol layer products. The method is based on a multi linear regression model that is trained using co-located PM10, AERONET and CALIOP observations at 3 different locations in the Sahel. In addition to the sun photometer AOD, the regression model uses the CALIOP-derived base and top altitude of the lowermost dust layer, its AOD, the columnar total and columnar dust AOD. Due to the low revisit period of the CALIPSO satellite, the monthly mean annual cycles of the parameters are used as predictor variables rather than instantaneous observations. The regression model improves the correlation coefficient between monthly mean PM10 and AOD from 0.15 (AERONET AOD only) to 0.75 (AERONET AOD and CALIOP parameters). The respective high and low PM10 concentration during the winter dry season and summer season are well produced. Days with surface PM10 above 100 μg/m3 are better identified when using the CALIOP parameters in the multi linear regression model. The number of true positives (actual and predicted concentrations above the threshold) is increased and leads to an improvement in the classification sensitivity (recall) by a factor 1.8. Our methodology can be extrapolated to the whole Sahel area provided that satellite derived AOD maps are used in order to create a new dataset on population exposure to dust events in this area.

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