scholarly journals Physically based distributed hydrological modelling of the Upper Jordan catchment and investigation of effective model equations

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kunstmann ◽  
A. Heckl ◽  
A. Rimmer
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Hydrological Modelling ◽  
Linear Filter ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Runoff Component

Abstract. Sufficient freshwater availability in the water scarce environment of the Upper Jordan Catchment (UJC) is a central prerequisite for peaceful agricultural and industrial development. Hydrological modelling is required to understand terrestrial water balance and to provide scientifically sound estimates on water availability. This article aims at two related objectives: First the water balance of the UJC, a hydrogeologically complex catchment located at the borders of Israel, Syria and the Lebanon, is investigated. It is for the first time that a physically based model is set up for this region that accounts both for the entire terrestrial water balance and in particular for the groundwater-surface water interaction. It is shown that the model is able to describe observed river discharges satisfactorily. Secondly, it is investigated if observed and simulated runoff components can be explained by simple lumped approaches based on 1) linear filter theory and 2) neural networks and what the number of degrees of freedom for the runoff components is. It is exemplary shown for the Ayun subcatchment of the UJC that the simulated river discharge, the direct runoff component and the interflow runoff component as modelled by the physically based distributed hydrological model WaSiM can be described by simple effective equations with only 3 to 5 degrees of freedom. Application of simple lumped approaches to observed river discharge values showed much weaker performance.

scholarly journals Impact of landuse on runoff in mountain catchments of different scales

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Holko ◽  
Z. Kostka
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Hydrological Modelling ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Event Simulations ◽  
Runoff Events

The paper presents two approaches to the analysis of the impacts of landuse changes on hydrological regime in mountain catchments of northern Slovakia. An intersite comparison of measured data along the Jalovecký creek was used to test whether different landuse can be identified by means of water balance data and characteristics of runoff events. Although the comparison provided extended knowledge of the catchment, the only characteristic which might indicate possible impact of different landuse is the ratio of peakflow to flow at the beginning of the event. Simulations by means of spatially distributed hydrological model showed that different (extreme) scenarios resulted in relatively subtle impacts compared to uncertainties connected with hydrological modelling.

scholarly journals MODELING WATER YIELD AND WATER BALANCE OF LOWER BENUE RIVER BASIN FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-73
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Physically Based

The use of hydrologic models to predict the relevant processes occurring within a catchment will serve as a veritable tool for water managers and planners for a sustainable management of water resources especially in the absence of quality and reliable data. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a physically based semi-distributed hydrological model interfaced with MapWindows GIS software was used to simulate the different components of water balance and estimation of water yield of the Lower Benue River Basin in Nigeria. Climate data of three weather stations; Lokoja, Makurdi and Ibi located close to the catchment were used to simulate the stream flow of the catchment. The model was calibrated and validated using measured streamflow at Makurdi gauging station and subsequently used to predict the water balance and water yield of the catchment. Model evaluation gave R2 value of 0.79 and RSR of 0.45 for the calibration period, while R2 of 0.74 and RSR of 0.51 were recorded for validation of the model indicating a reasonable agreement between the measured and simulated flows. The prediction of water balance showed that more than a third of the water loss from the catchment is due to evapotranspiration. Sub-surface flow accounted for over 50% of the water balance simulation, while stream flow yielded only 10% as a result of the shallow slopes of the study area. The maximum water yield recorded in the study area occurred in 2009 with a value of 162,862mm representing 8.74% for the 20 year period while the lowest water yield for the period occurred in 2015 with 45,458mm representing 2% of the total water yield for the period. Overall, results show a progressive reduction in streamflow and precipitation since 2012 in the catchment and 2015 recorded the least values for the period of study. These findings show that SWAT is a viable tool for predicting future scenarios for water resources management in the catchment.

Pan Evaporation Trends and the Terrestrial Water Balance. II. Energy Balance and Interpretation

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 761-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Roderick ◽  
Michael T. Hobbins ◽  
Graham D. Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Terrestrial Water

Simulating pan-Arctic runoff with a macro-scale terrestrial water balance model

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 2521-2539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Rawlins ◽  
Richard B. Lammers ◽  
Steve Frolking ◽  
Bal�zs M. Fekete ◽  
Charles J. Vorosmarty
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Water

scholarly journals Toward continental hydrologic–hydrodynamic modeling in South America

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4815-4842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius A. Siqueira ◽  
Rodrigo C. D. Paiva ◽  
Ayan S. Fleischmann ◽  
Fernando M. Fan ◽  
Anderson L. Ruhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Global Models ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Water

Abstract. Providing reliable estimates of streamflow and hydrological fluxes is a major challenge for water resources management over national and transnational basins in South America. Global hydrological models and land surface models are a possible solution to simulate the terrestrial water cycle at the continental scale, but issues about parameterization and limitations in representing lowland river systems can place constraints on these models to meet local needs. In an attempt to overcome such limitations, we extended a regional, fully coupled hydrologic–hydrodynamic model (MGB; Modelo hidrológico de Grandes Bacias) to the continental domain of South America and assessed its performance using daily river discharge, water levels from independent sources (in situ, satellite altimetry), estimates of terrestrial water storage (TWS) and evapotranspiration (ET) from remote sensing and other available global datasets. In addition, river discharge was compared with outputs from global models acquired through the eartH2Observe project (HTESSEL/CaMa-Flood, LISFLOOD and WaterGAP3), providing the first cross-scale assessment (regional/continental  ×  global models) that makes use of spatially distributed, daily discharge data. A satisfactory representation of discharge and water levels was obtained (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, NSE > 0.6 in 55 % of the cases) and the continental model was able to capture patterns of seasonality and magnitude of TWS and ET, especially over the largest basins of South America. After the comparison with global models, we found that it is possible to obtain considerable improvement on daily river discharge, even by using current global forcing data, just by combining parameterization and better routing physics based on regional experience. Issues about the potential sources of errors related to both global- and continental-scale modeling are discussed, as well as future directions for improving large-scale model applications in this continent. We hope that our study provides important insights to reduce the gap between global and regional hydrological modeling communities.

scholarly journals Inverse distributed hydrological modelling of Alpine catchments

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kunstmann ◽  
J. Krause ◽  
S. Mayr
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Nonlinear Parameter ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Nonlinear Parameter Estimation ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Physically Based

Abstract. Even in physically based distributed hydrological models, various remaining parameters must be estimated for each sub-catchment. This can involve tremendous effort, especially when the number of sub-catchments is large and the applied hydrological model is computationally expensive. Automatic parameter estimation tools can significantly facilitate the calibration process. Hence, we combined the nonlinear parameter estimation tool PEST with the distributed hydrological model WaSiM. PEST is based on the Gauss-Marquardt-Levenberg method, a gradient-based nonlinear parameter estimation algorithm. WaSiM is a fully distributed hydrological model using physically based algorithms for most of the process descriptions. WaSiM was applied to the alpine/prealpine Ammer River catchment (southern Germany, 710 km2 in a 100×100 m2 horizontal resolution. The catchment is heterogeneous in terms of geology, pedology and land use and shows a complex orography (the difference of elevation is around 1600 m). Using the developed PEST-WaSiM interface, the hydrological model was calibrated by comparing simulated and observed runoff at eight gauges for the hydrologic year 1997 and validated for the hydrologic year 1993. For each sub-catchment four parameters had to be calibrated: the recession constants of direct runoff and interflow, the drainage density, and the hydraulic conductivity of the uppermost aquifer. Additionally, five snowmelt specific parameters were adjusted for the entire catchment. Altogether, 37 parameters had to be calibrated. Additional a priori information (e.g. from flood hydrograph analysis) narrowed the parameter space of the solutions and improved the non-uniqueness of the fitted values. A reasonable quality of fit was achieved. Discrepancies between modelled and observed runoff were also due to the small number of meteorological stations and corresponding interpolation artefacts in the orographically complex terrain. Application of a 2-dimensional numerical groundwater model partly yielded a slight decrease of overall model performance when compared to a simple conceptual groundwater approach. Increased model complexity therefore did not yield in general increased model performance. A detailed covariance analysis was performed allowing to derive confidence bounds for all estimated parameters. The correlation between the estimated parameters was in most cases negligible, showing that parameters were estimated independently from each other.

scholarly journals Evaluation of radar-based precipitation estimates for flash flood forecasting in the Three Gorges Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Li ◽  
D. Yang ◽  
Y. Hong ◽  
Y. Qi ◽  
Q. Cao
Keyword(s):  
Flash Flood ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Ground Clutter ◽  
Three Gorges Region ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Precipitation Estimation ◽  
Flash Flood Forecasting

Abstract. Spatial rainfall pattern plays a critical role in determining hydrological responses in mountainous areas, especially for natural disasters such as flash floods. In this study, to improve the skills of flood forecasting in the mountainous Three Gorges Region (TGR) of the Yangtze River, we developed a first version of a high-resolution (1 km) radar-based quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) consideration of many critical procedures, such as beam blockage analysis, ground-clutter filter, rain type identification and adaptive Z–R relations. A physically-based distributed hydrological model (GBHM) was established and further applied to evaluate the performance of radar-based QPE for regional flood forecasting, relative to the gauge-driven simulations. With two sets of input data (gauge and radar) collected during summer 2010, the applicability of the current radar-based QPE to rainstorm monitoring and flash flood forecasting in the TGR is quantitatively analysed and discussed.

Global Estimates of Changes in the Terrestrial Water Balance Components in the Context of Possible Climate Changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-473
Author(s):  
O. N. Nasonova ◽  
E. M. Gusev ◽  
E. E. Kovalev ◽  
E. A. Shurkhno
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Global Estimates
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