scholarly journals Impact of land use and soil properties on soil methane flux response to biochar addition

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Cong ◽  
Jun Meng ◽  
Samantha C. Ying
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Methane Flux ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Ch4 Flux ◽  
Linear Additive Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Addition of biochar to soils has been shown to increase crop yield and aid in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions by decreasing the extent of soil methane (CH4) flux. Previous studies utilizing metaanalysis to better understand the impact of environmental and management factors on CH4 flux from biochar treated soil systems have provided contrasting results, ranging from significant increase, decrease, to no change in methane flux after amendment. We hypothesized that these discrepancies could be explained by separating studies into two major land use categories, upland and paddy, prior to analysis so that the overall redox conditions are more comparable across studies upon which statistical comparisons are made. Furthermore, past studies did not consider potentially critical soil properties including soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N, and soil texture; a number of biochar properties including biochar pH and C/N; and five additional management and experimental factors. In this study, Hedge's d metric was calculated and Wilcoxon analyses were used in a meta-analysis to determine the impact of these additional factors on methane flux from biochar-amended upland versus paddy soils. We demonstrate that variations in soil characteristics including SOC, C/N, and pH significantly influences the methane flux from biochar treated soils, while biochar characteristics and management practices have less to no effect as determined by the magnitude of the Hedge's d metric. Soils with low SOC, total nitrogen, C/N, acidic or alkaline pH exhibited lowest CH4 emission rates/highest CH4 uptake rates, whereas soils with higher SOC content, C/N, and circumneutral pH exhibited higher CH4 emission with biochar addition. Several possible mechanisms are suggested to explain the role of these variables in CH4 cycling. Results from this study will be used to evaluate the input parameters for building a linear additive model to quantitatively predict soil methane flux in response to biochar additions. Ultimately, implementation of the linear additive model can be extremely valuable for advising agricultural practices toward minimize methane emissions or maximizing methane sink strength. We suggest that additional field and controlled experiments be performed to better define the reaction network that controls methane flux from biochar treated soils, with particular attention to paddy soils where studies are still lacking.

Vegetation Effects on Soil Properties in the Monteagle Sandy Loam Series: Implications for Land‐use Change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Neil
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
The Impact

Soil properties are strongly influenced by the composition of the surrounding vegetation. We investigated soil properties of three ecosystems; a coniferous forest, a deciduous forest and an agricultural grassland, to determine the impact of land use change on soil properties. Disturbances such as deforestation followed by cultivation can severely alter soil properties, including losses of soil carbon. We collected nine 40 cm cores from three ecosystem types on the Roebuck Farm, north of Perth Village, Ontario, Canada. Dominant species in each ecosystem included hemlock and white pine in the coniferous forest; sugar maple, birch and beech in the deciduous forest; grasses, legumes and herbs in the grassland. Soil pH varied little between the three ecosystems and over depth. Soils under grassland vegetation had the highest bulk density, especially near the surface. The forest sites showed higher cation exchange capacity and soil moisture than the grassland; these differences largely resulted from higher organic matter levels in the surface forest soils. Vertical distribution of organic matter varied greatly amongst the three ecosystems. In the forest, more of the organic matter was located near the surface, while in the grassland organic matter concentrations varied little with depth. The results suggest that changes in land cover and land use alters litter inputs and nutrient cycling rates, modifying soil physical and chemical properties. Our results further suggest that conversion of forest into agricultural land in this area can lead to a decline in soil carbon storage.

scholarly journals Comparison of eddy covariance CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes from mined and recently rewetted sections in a northwestern German cutover bog

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2853-2874 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Holl ◽  
Eva-Maria Pfeiffer ◽  
Lars Kutzbach
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ch4 Flux ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. With respect to their role in the global carbon cycle, natural peatlands are characterized by their ability to sequester atmospheric carbon. This trait is strongly connected to the water regime of these ecosystems. Large parts of the soil profile in natural peatlands are water saturated, leading to anoxic conditions and to a diminished decomposition of plant litter. In functioning peatlands, the rate of carbon fixation by plant photosynthesis is larger than the decomposition rate of dead organic material. Over time, the amount of carbon that remains in the soil and is not converted back to carbon dioxide grows. Land use of peatlands often goes along with water level manipulations and thereby with alterations of carbon flux dynamics. In this study, carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) flux measurements from a bog site in northwestern Germany that has been heavily degraded by peat mining are presented. Two contrasting types of management have been implemented at the site: (1) drainage during ongoing peat harvesting on one half of the central bog area and (2) rewetting on the other half that had been taken out of use shortly before measurements commenced. The presented 2-year data set was collected with an eddy covariance (EC) system set up on a central railroad dam that divides the two halves of the (former) peat harvesting area. We used footprint analysis to split the obtained CO2 and CH4 flux time series into data characterizing the gas exchange dynamics of both contrasting land use types individually. The time series gaps resulting from data division were filled using the response of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to environmental variables, footprint variability, and fuzzy transformations of seasonal and diurnal cyclicity. We used the gap-filled gas flux time series from 2 consecutive years to evaluate the impact of rewetting on the annual vertical carbon balances of the cutover bog. Rewetting had a considerable effect on the annual carbon fluxes and led to increased CH4 and decreased CO2 release. The larger relative difference between cumulative CO2 fluxes from the rewetted (13±6 mol m−2 a−1) and drained (22±7 mol m−2 a−1) section occurred in the second observed year when rewetting apparently reduced CO2 emissions by 40 %. The absolute difference in annual CH4 flux sums was more similar between both years, while the relative difference of CH4 release between the rewetted (0.83±0.15 mol m−2 a−1) and drained (0.45±0.11 mol m−2 a−1) section was larger in the first observed year, indicating a maximum increase in annual CH4 release of 84 % caused by rewetting at this particular site during the study period.

scholarly journals Multi-year effect of wetting on CH<sub>4</sub> flux at taiga–tundra boundary in northeastern Siberia deduced from stable isotope ratios of CH<sub>4</sub>

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Shingubara ◽  
Atsuko Sugimoto ◽  
Jun Murase ◽  
Go Iwahana ◽  
Shunsuke Tei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Saturation ◽  
Methane Flux ◽  
Interannual Variations ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Ch4 Flux ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Year Effect ◽  
Northeastern Siberia ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Acetoclastic Methanogenesis

Abstract. The response of CH4 emission from natural wetlands due to meteorological conditions is important because of its strong greenhouse effect. To understand the relationship between CH4 flux and wetting, we observed interannual variations in chamber CH4 flux, as well as the concentration, δ13C, and δD of dissolved CH4 during the summer from 2009 to 2013 at the taiga–tundra boundary in the vicinity of Chokurdakh (70∘37′ N, 147∘55′ E), located on the lowlands of the Indigirka River in northeastern Siberia. We also conducted soil incubation experiments to interpret δ13C and δD of dissolved CH4 and to investigate variations in CH4 production and oxidation processes. Methane flux showed large interannual variations in wet areas of sphagnum mosses and sedges (36–140 mg CH4 m−2 day−1 emitted). Increased CH4 emission was recorded in the summer of 2011 when a wetting event with extreme precipitation occurred. Although water level decreased from 2011 to 2013, CH4 emission remained relatively high in 2012, and increased further in 2013. Thaw depth became deeper from 2011 to 2013, which may partly explain the increase in CH4 emission. Moreover, dissolved CH4 concentration rose sharply by 1 order of magnitude from 2011 to 2012, and increased further from 2012 to 2013. Large variations in δ13C and δD of dissolved CH4 were observed in 2011, and smaller variations were seen in 2012 and 2013, suggesting both enhancement of CH4 production and less significance of CH4 oxidation relative to the larger pool of dissolved CH4. These multi-year effects of wetting on CH4 dynamics may have been caused by continued soil reduction across multiple years following the wetting. Delayed activation of acetoclastic methanogenesis following soil reduction could also have contributed to the enhancement of CH4 production. These processes suggest that duration of water saturation in the active layer can be important for predicting CH4 emission following a wetting event in the permafrost ecosystem.

scholarly journals Changes in Soil Hydro-Physical Properties and SOM Due to Pine Afforestation and Grazing in Andean Environments Cannot Be Generalized

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin Marín ◽  
Carlos Dahik ◽  
Giovanny Mosquera ◽  
Jan Feyen ◽  
Pedro Cisneros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Sampling Depth ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
The Impact

Andean ecosystems provide important ecosystem services including streamflow regulation and carbon sequestration, services that are controlled by the water retention properties of the soils. Even though these soils have been historically altered by pine afforestation and grazing, little research has been dedicated to the assessment of such impacts at local or regional scales. To partially fill this knowledge gap, we present an evaluation of the impacts of pine plantations and grazing on the soil hydro-physical properties and soil organic matter (SOM) of high montane forests and páramo in southern Ecuador, at elevations varying between 2705 and 3766 m a.s.l. In total, seven study sites were selected and each one was parceled into undisturbed and altered plots with pine plantation and grazing. Soil properties were characterized at two depths, 0–10 and 10–25 cm, and differences in soil parameters between undisturbed and disturbed plots were analyzed versus factors such as ecosystem type, sampling depth, soil type, elevation, and past/present land management. The main soil properties affected by land use change are the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), the water retention capacity (pF 0 to 2.52), and SOM. The impacts of pine afforestation are dependent on sampling depth, ecosystem type, plantation characteristics, and previous land use, while the impacts of grazing are primarily dependent on sampling depth and land use management (grazing intensity and tilling activities). The site-specific nature of the found relations suggests that extension of findings in response to changes in land use in montane Andean ecosystems is risky; therefore, future evaluations of the impact of land use change on soil parameters should take into consideration that responses are or can be site specific.

scholarly journals Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Properties and Nutrient Uptake by Red Onion

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kwada Kwaghe ◽  
Abdullahi Muhammad Saddiq ◽  
Rejoice Ibrahim Solomon ◽  
Salihu Ardo Musa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Field experiments were carried out during the dry seasons in (2012-2013 and 2013-2014) to study the impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on some soil properties and nutrients uptake by red onion (Allium cepa L.) in Moda, Michika, Adamawa state, Nigeria. Soil samples were randomly collected and analysed for pH, EC, organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus before and at the completion of the experiment. Total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the onion bulbs were determined. There was an improvement in the fertility status of the soil as a consequence of integrated nutrient management. Combined organic and inorganic fertilizer application influenced the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by red onion. The highest nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium uptake by onions of 0.76, 43.82 and 2.42kgha-1 occurred when all treatments were combined. Uptake of N and K increased as treatment level increased. The P uptake was highest at lower treatment levels and could be linked to sufficiency of indigenous soil P for plant growth resulting in high P uptake with minimal addition of nutrient inputs. Integrated Nutrient Management could be adopted to improve soil fertility status and N, P and K uptake by red onions.

The Impact of Land Use on Soil Properties and Structure of Ecosystem Carbon Stocks in the Middle Taiga Subzone of Karelia

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1756-1769
Author(s):  
I. A. Dubrovina ◽  
E. V. Moshkina ◽  
V. A. Sidorova ◽  
A. V. Tuyunen ◽  
A. Yu. Karpechko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Middle Taiga Subzone ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon Stocks ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Drivers of Organic Carbon Stocks in Different LULC History and Along Soil Depth for a 30 Years Image Time Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2223
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh Tayebi ◽  
Jorge Tadeu Fim Rosas ◽  
Wanderson de Sousa Mendes ◽  
Raul Roberto Poppiel ◽  
Yaser Ostovari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Land Use History ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soc Stocks

Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are a remarkable property for soil and environmental monitoring. The understanding of their dynamics in crop soils must go forward. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of temporal environmental controlling factors obtained by satellite images over the SOC stocks along soil depth, using machine learning algorithms. The work was carried out in São Paulo state (Brazil) in an area of 2577 km2. We obtained a dataset of boreholes with soil analyses from topsoil to subsoil (0–100 cm). Additionally, remote sensing covariates (30 years of land use history, vegetation indexes), soil properties (i.e., clay, sand, mineralogy), soil types (classification), geology, climate and relief information were used. All covariates were confronted with SOC stocks contents, to identify their impact. Afterwards, the abilities of the predictive models were tested by splitting soil samples into two random groups (70 for training and 30% for model testing). We observed that the mean values of SOC stocks decreased by increasing the depth in all land use and land cover (LULC) historical classes. The results indicated that the random forest with recursive features elimination (RFE) was an accurate technique for predicting SOC stocks and finding controlling factors. We also found that the soil properties (especially clay and CEC), terrain attributes, geology, bioclimatic parameters and land use history were the most critical factors in controlling the SOC stocks in all LULC history and soil depths. We concluded that random forest coupled with RFE could be a functional approach to detect, map and monitor SOC stocks using environmental and remote sensing data.

scholarly journals Zai Technology and Integrated Nutrient Management for Improved Soil Fertility and Increased Sorghum Yields in Kitui County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercy Cheruto Kebenei ◽  
Monicah Mucheru-Muna ◽  
Felista Muriu-Ng'ang'a ◽  
Charles Kimani Ndung'u
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
The Impact

Deteriorating soil fertility, low unreliable rainfall and soil moisture stress has resulted to low crop yields among farmers of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), necessitating a search for more sustainable production practices. Zai technology has the ability to promote soil moisture retention and enhances soil fertility. A four-seasons field experiment was conducted to assess the impact of Zai technology combined with cattle manure and inorganic fertilizer on selected soil properties and sorghum yields in Kabati, Kitui County. The experiment was set up in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with eight treatments replicated thrice with sorghum Gadam as the test crop. Soil sampling was done at the beginning of the first season and at the end of the fourth season at a dept of 0–15 cm across each plot for laboratory analyses. From the results, the increase in electrical conductivity was significant at p &lt; 0.05 in all the treatments after four cropping seasons. Total organic carbon significantly increased in Zai with cattle manure (p = 0.045), conventional with no input (p = 0.038) and conventional with cattle manure (p = 0.045). Available phosphorous significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased in treatments under Zai technology while total nitrogen significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced after the four cropping seasons. There was a significant (p &lt; 0.05) interactive effect of the tested factors on soil pH, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, and available phosphorous at the end of the experiment. Moreover, there was significant (p &lt; 0.05) interactive effects on grain yields (SR18 and SR19 seasons) and stover yields (SR18, LR19, and SR19 seasons), with higher yields being recorded in treatments under Zai technology. This study demonstrates the importance of Zai technology in increasing crop yield by trapping water and enhancing its retention and infiltration into the soil for uptake by plants. This study concluded that positive impacts on important soil properties and crop yield could be realized when Zai technology is utilized alongside either sole inorganics or a combination of organic and inorganic amendments and this could be used as a strategy to improve crop production in eastern Kenya and other similar areas.

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