scholarly journals Effect of carbonate ion concentration and irradiance on calcification in planktonic foraminifera

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lombard ◽  
R. E. da Rocha ◽  
J. Bijma ◽  
J.-P. Gattuso
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
High Light ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Calcification Rate ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Carbonate Ion ◽  
Orbulina Universa

Abstract. The effect of carbonate ion concentration ([CO32−]) on calcification rates estimated from shell size and weight was investigated in the planktonic foraminifera Orbulina universa and Globigerinoides sacculifer. Experiments on G. sacculifer were conducted under two irradiance levels (35 and 335 μmol photons m−2 s−1). Calcification was ca. 30% lower under low light than under high light, irrespective of the [CO32−]. Both O. universa and G. sacculifer exhibited reduced final shell weight and calcification rate under low [CO32−]. For the [CO32−] expected at the end of the century, the calcification rates of these two species are projected to be 6 to 13% lower than the present conditions, while the final shell weights are reduced by 20 to 27% for O. universa and by 4 to 6% for G. sacculifer. These results indicate that ocean acidification would impact on calcite production by foraminifera and may decrease the calcite flux contribution from these organisms.

scholarly journals Effect of carbonate ion concentration and irradiance on calcification in foraminifera

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 8589-8608 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lombard ◽  
R. E. da Rocha ◽  
J. Bijma ◽  
J.-P. Gattuso
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
High Light ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Calcification Rate ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Carbonate Ion ◽  
Orbulina Universa

Abstract. The effect of carbonate ion concentration ([CO32−]) on calcification rates estimated from shell size and weight was investigated in the planktonic foraminifera Orbulina universa and Globigerinoides sacculifer. Experiments on G. sacculifer were conducted under two irradiance levels (35 and 335 μmol photons m−2 s−1). Calcification was ca. 30% lower under low light than under high light, irrespective of the [CO32−]. Both O. universa and G. sacculifer exhibited reduced final shell weight and calcification rate under low [CO32−]. At the [CO32−] expected for the end of the century, the calcification rates of these two species are projected to be 6 to 13% lower than at present conditions, while the final shell weights are reduced by 20 to 27% for O. universa and by 4 to 6% for G. sacculifer. These results indicate that ocean acidification would impact calcite production by foraminifera and may decrease the calcite flux contribution from these organisms.

The coral reef-dwelling Peneroplis spp. shows calcification resilience to ocean acidification conditions - results from culture experiments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Charrieau ◽  
Katsunori Kimoto ◽  
Delphine Dissard ◽  
Beatrice Below ◽  
Kazuhiko Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Large Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Carbonate Ion ◽  
Short Period

<p>Ocean acidification is a consequence of current anthropogenic climate changes. The concomitant decrease in pH and carbonate ion concentration in sea water may have severe impacts on calcifying organisms. Coral reefs are among the first ecosystems recognized vulnerable to ocean acidification. Within coral reefs, large benthic foraminifera (LBF) are major calcium carbonate producers.</p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of varying pH on survival and calcification of the symbiont-bearing LBF species <em>Peneroplis</em> spp. We performed culture experiments to study their resistance to ocean acidification conditions, as well as their resilience once placed back under open ocean pH (7.9).</p><p>After three days, small signs of test decalcification were observed on specimens kept at pH 7.4, and severe test decalcification was observed on specimens kept at pH 6.9, with the inner organic lining clearly appearing. After 32 days under pH 7.4, similar strongly decalcified specimens were observed. All the specimens were alive at the end of the experiment. This result demonstrates the resistance of <em>Peneroplis </em>spp. to an acidified pH, at least on a short period of time.</p><p>After being partially decalcified, some of the living specimens were placed back at pH 7.9. After one month, the majority of the specimens showed recalcification features, mostly by addition of new chambers. The trace elements concentrations of the newly formed chambers were analysed by LA-ICPMS. Interestingly, more chambers were added when food was given, which highlights the crucial role of energy source in the recalcification process. Moreover, the newly formed chambers were most of the time abnormal, and the general structure of the tests was altered, with potential impacts on reproduction and in situ survival. In conclusion, if symbiont-bearing LBF show some resistance and resilience to lowered pH conditions, they will remain strongly affected by ocean acidification.</p>

scholarly journals Predicting the impact of ocean acidification on coral reefs: evaluating the assumptions involved

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Jokiel
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Calcification Rate ◽  
Saturation State ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Reef Decline ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Predictions of future impact of climate change on coral reefs indicate that bleaching mortality due to higher temperature will be the major factor in the decline of coral reefs. Ocean acidification (OA) is increasingly considered to be an important contributing factor, but estimates of its importance vary widely in the literature. Models of future reef decline due to OA generally involve four simplifying assumptions that can lead to contradictions. The assumptions are: (i) Oceanic conditions of Ωarag control or are at least highly correlated with net calcification rate (Gnet) on coral reefs. (ii) Calcification rate is driven by bulk water carbonate ion concentration [CO32−] expressed as Ωarag. (iii) Changes in coral calcification rate can be used to estimate future changes in coral reef calcification rate. (iv) The impact of OA is additive and not synergistic with other environmental factors such as increased temperature. The assumption that aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) of seawater drives calcification is the most widely used and needs to be further evaluated. An alternate hypothesis is that calcification is limited by the ability of the system to rid itself of the protons generated by calcification. Recent studies allow further testing of the assumptions and point the way to resolving shortcomings in our understanding of how OA impacts coral reefs.

Effects of seawater carbonate ion concentration and temperature on shell U, Mg, and Sr in cultured planktonic foraminifera

2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (21) ◽  
pp. 4347-4361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann D. Russell ◽  
Bärbel Hönisch ◽  
Howard J. Spero ◽  
David W. Lea
Keyword(s):  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Carbonate Ion

scholarly journals Impact of carbonate saturation on large Caribbean benthic foraminifera assemblages

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Martinez ◽  
Laura Hernández-Terrones ◽  
Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra ◽  
Adina Paytan
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Submarine Springs ◽  
Carbonate Ion ◽  
Calcite Saturation

Abstract. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and its dissolution in seawater have reduced ocean pH and carbonate ion concentration with potential implications to calcifying organisms. To assess the response of Caribbean benthic foraminifera to low carbonate saturation conditions, we analyzed benthic foraminifera abundance and relative distribution in proximity to low carbonate saturation submarine springs and at adjacent control sites. Our results show that the total abundance of benthic foraminifera is significantly lower at the low pH low calcite saturation submarine springs than at control sites, despite higher concentrations of inorganic carbon at the spring sites. The relative abundance of symbiont-bearing foraminifera and agglutinated foraminifera was higher at the low pH low calcite saturation submarine springs compared to control sites. These differences indicate that non-symbiont bearing heterotrophic calcareous foraminifera are more sensitive to the effects of ocean acidification than non-calcifying and symbiont bearing foraminifera, suggesting that future ocean acidification may impact natural benthic foraminifera populations.

Reconstructing 800 Years of Carbonate Ion Concentration in the Cariaco Basin Using the Area Density of Planktonic Foraminifera Shells

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2129-2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Davis ◽  
C. V. Davis ◽  
R. C. Thunell ◽  
E. B. Osborne ◽  
D. E. Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Cariaco Basin ◽  
Area Density ◽  
Carbonate Ion

scholarly journals Effect of ocean acidification on the benthic foraminifera <i>Ammonia</i> sp. is caused by a decrease in carbonate ion concentration

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1147-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Keul ◽  
G. Langer ◽  
L. J. de Nooijer ◽  
J. Bijma
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Benthic Foraminifer ◽  
Carbonate System ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Carbonate Ion ◽  
Carbonate Ions ◽  
Ca 50

Abstract. About 30% of the anthropogenically released CO2 is taken up by the oceans, which causes surface ocean pH to decrease and is commonly referred to as Ocean Acidification (OA). Foraminifera are one of the most abundant groups of marine calcifiers, estimated to precipitate ca. 50% of biogenic calcium carbonate in the open oceans. We have compiled the state of the art of OA effects on foraminifera, because the majority of OA research on this group was published within the last 3 yr. Disparate responses of this important group of marine calcifiers to OA were reported, highlighting the importance of a process based understanding of OA effects on foraminifera. The benthic foraminifer Ammonia sp. was cultured using two carbonate chemistry manipulation approaches: While pH and carbonate ions where varied in one, pH was kept constant in the other while carbonate ion concentration varied. This allows the identification of teh parameter of the parameter of the carbonate system causing observed effects. This parameter identification is the first step towards a process based understanding. We argue that [CO32−] is the parameter affecting foraminiferal size normalized weights (SNW) and growth rates and based on the presented data we can confirm the strong potential of foraminiferal SNW as a [CO32−] proxy.

scholarly journals Effect of ocean acidification on the benthic foraminifera <i>Ammonia</i> sp. is caused by a decrease in carbonate ion concentration

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 6185-6198 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Keul ◽  
G. Langer ◽  
L. J. de Nooijer ◽  
J. Bijma
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Benthic Foraminifer ◽  
Carbonate Chemistry ◽  
Carbonate System ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Carbonate Ion ◽  
Ca 50

Abstract. About 30% of the anthropogenically released CO2 is taken up by the oceans; such uptake causes surface ocean pH to decrease and is commonly referred to as ocean acidification (OA). Foraminifera are one of the most abundant groups of marine calcifiers, estimated to precipitate ca. 50 % of biogenic calcium carbonate in the open oceans. We have compiled the state of the art literature on OA effects on foraminifera, because the majority of OA research on this group was published within the last three years. Disparate responses of this important group of marine calcifiers to OA were reported, highlighting the importance of a process-based understanding of OA effects on foraminifera. We cultured the benthic foraminifer Ammonia sp. under a range of carbonate chemistry manipulation treatments to identify the parameter of the carbonate system causing the observed effects. This parameter identification is the first step towards a process-based understanding. We argue that [CO32−] is the parameter affecting foraminiferal size-normalized weights (SNWs) and growth rates. Based on the presented data, we can confirm the strong potential of Ammonia sp. foraminiferal SNW as a [CO32−] proxy.

scholarly journals Planktic foraminiferal shell thinning in the Arabian Sea due to anthropogenic ocean acidification?

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1917-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. de Moel ◽  
G. M. Ganssen ◽  
F. J. C. Peeters ◽  
S. J. A. Jung ◽  
D. Kroon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Planktic Foraminifera ◽  
Globigerinoides Ruber ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
Carbonate Ion ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. About one third of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere in the past two centuries has been taken up by the ocean. As CO2 invades the surface ocean, carbonate ion concentrations and pH are lowered. Laboratory studies indicate that this reduces the calcification rates of marine calcifying organisms, including planktic foraminifera. Such a reduction in calcification resulting from anthropogenic CO2 emissions has not been observed, or quantified in the field yet. Here we present the findings of a study in the Western Arabian Sea that uses shells of the surface water dwelling planktic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber in order to test the hypothesis that anthropogenically induced acidification has reduced shell calcification of this species. We found that light, thin-walled shells from the surface sediment are younger (based on 14C and δ13C measurements) than the heavier, thicker-walled shells. Shells in the upper, bioturbated, sediment layer were significantly lighter compared to shells found below this layer. These observations are consistent with a scenario where anthropogenically induced ocean acidification reduced the rate at which foraminifera calcify, resulting in lighter shells. On the other hand, we show that seasonal upwelling in the area also influences their calcification and the stable isotope (δ13C and δ18O) signatures recorded by the foraminifera shells. Plankton tow and sediment trap data show that lighter shells were produced during upwelling and heavier ones during non-upwelling periods. Seasonality alone, however, cannot explain the 14C results, or the increase in shell weight below the bioturbated sediment layer. We therefore must conclude that probably both the processes of acidification and seasonal upwelling are responsible for the presence of light shells in the top of the sediment and the age difference between thick and thin specimens.

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