scholarly journals Optimizing the impact of temperature on bio-hydrogen production from food waste and its derivatives under no pH control using statistical modelling

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 12823-12850 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sattar ◽  
C. Arslan ◽  
C. Ji ◽  
S. Sattar ◽  
K. Yousaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The effect of temperature on bio-hydrogen production by co-digestion of sewerage sludge with food waste and its two derivatives, i.e. noodle waste and rice waste, was investigated by statistical modelling. Experimental results showed that increasing temperature from mesophilic (37 °C) to thermophilic (55 °C) was an effective mean for increasing bio-hydrogen production from food waste and noodle waste, but it caused a negative impact on bio-hydrogen production from rice waste. The maximum cumulative bio-hydrogen production of 650 mL was obtained from noodle waste under mesophilic temperature condition. Most of the production was observed during 48 h of incubation that continued till 72 h of incubation, and a decline in pH during this interval was 4.3 and 4.4 from a starting value of 7 under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, respectively. Most of glucose consumption was also observed during 72 h of incubation and the maximum consumption was observed during the first 24 h, which was the same duration where the maximum pH drop occurred. The maximum hydrogen yields of 82.47 mL VS−1, 131.38 mL COD−1, and 44.90 mL glucose−1 were obtained from mesophilic food waste, thermophilic noodle waste and mesophilic rice waste respectively. The production of volatile fatty acids increased with an increase in time and temperature from food waste and noodle waste reactors whereas it decreased with temperature in rice waste reactors. The statistical modelling returned good results with high values of coefficient of determination (R2) for each waste type when it was opted for the study of cumulative hydrogen production, glucose consumption and volatile fatty acid production. The 3-D response surface plots developed by the statistical models helped a lot in developing better understanding of the impact of temperature and incubation time.

scholarly journals Optimizing the impact of temperature on bio-hydrogen production from food waste and its derivatives under no pH control using statistical modelling

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 6503-6514 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Arslan ◽  
A. Sattar ◽  
C. Ji ◽  
S. Sattar ◽  
K. Yousaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The effect of temperature on bio-hydrogen production by co-digestion of sewerage sludge with food waste and its two derivatives, i.e. noodle waste and rice waste, was investigated by statistical modelling. Experimental results showed that increasing temperature from mesophilic (37 °C) to thermophilic (55 °C) was an effective mean for increasing bio-hydrogen production from food waste and noodle waste, but it caused a negative impact on bio-hydrogen production from rice waste. The maximum cumulative bio-hydrogen production of 650 mL was obtained from noodle waste under thermophilic temperature condition. Most of the production was observed during the first 48 h of incubation, which continued until 72 h of incubation. The decline in pH during this interval was 4.3 and 4.4 from a starting value of 7 under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, respectively. Most of the glucose consumption was also observed during 72 h of incubation and the maximum consumption was observed during the first 24 h, which was the same duration where the maximum pH drop occurred. The maximum hydrogen yields of 82.47 mL VS−1, 131.38 mL COD−1, and 44.90 mL glucose−1 were obtained from thermophilic food waste, thermophilic noodle waste and mesophilic rice waste, respectively. The production of volatile fatty acids increased with an increase in time and temperature in food waste and noodle waste reactors whereas they decreased with temperature in rice waste reactors. The statistical modelling returned good results with high values of coefficient of determination (R2) for each waste type and 3-D response surface plots developed by using models developed. These plots developed a better understanding regarding the impact of temperature and incubation time on bio-hydrogen production trend, glucose consumption during incubation and volatile fatty acids production.

scholarly journals The Role and Impact of Remittances on the Economic Growth - Kosovo Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
MSc. Jeton Zogjani ◽  
Dr.Sc. Myrvete Badivuku-Pantina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Real Effective Exchange Rate ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Watson Statistic

In this research paper the role and impact of remittances on the economic growth of Kosovo in the recent years (2008 - 2013) through remittances, inflation rate, real effective exchange rate (REER) as independent variables and economic growth as depend variable is analyzed. The secondary data are used which are taken from international and domestic institutions which are analyzed through STATA software (an econometric and statistical program).The reason for writing is that in 2013 the total value of remittances in Kosovo was 620.8 million € and in 2011 Kosovo was among the top 10 countries with the highest level of remittances. The main arguments used in this research paper are: how do remittances affect in overall the economy? What is the impact of remittances on businesses? How do we use it for family consumption? In the research methodology are used secondary data and all of them are analyzed by STATA software which helps in calculation of OLS method of regression, descriptive statistic and correlation matrix.Also this paper research findings show us that if we refer to the result of variables that are included in the paper though OLS methods, the remittances (β1= - 0.017) and the exchange rate (β3= - 0.322) have negative impact and nonsignificant (T < 2) effect on economic growth but the inflation rate has positive (β2= 0.245) and significant (T > 2) effect on economic growth and the coefficient of determination (R²) is 84% then the coefficient of Durbin Watson Statistic (DW) is 2.11, it means there is no autocorrelation.

scholarly journals Impact of Attrition Ball-Mill on Characteristics and Biochemical Methane Potential of Food Waste

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2085
Author(s):  
Yang Mo Gu ◽  
Seon Young Park ◽  
Ji Yeon Park ◽  
Byoung-In Sang ◽  
Byoung Seong Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
The Impact

The impact of attrition ball-mill pretreatment on food waste particle size, soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), biochemical methane potential, and microbial community during anaerobic digestion was investigated based on milling speed and time. The uniformity of particle size improved with increasing milling speed and time. The SCOD of the pretreated samples increased to 4%, 7%, and 17% at the speeds of 150, 225, and 300 rpm, respectively, compared to the control. Milling time did not significantly change the SCOD. The cumulative methane productions of 430, 440, and 490 mL/g-VS were observed at the speeds of 150, 225, and 300 rpm, respectively, while the untreated sample exhibited the cumulative methane production of 390 mL/g-VS. Extended milling time did not improve methane production much. When the milling times of 10, 20, and 30 min were applied with the milling speed fixed at 300 rpm, the methane productions of 490, 510, and 500 mL/g-VS were observed respectively. Ball-mill pretreatment also increased the total volatile fatty acids. During the anaerobic digestion (AD) of ball-mill treated food waste, acetoclastic methanogens predominated, with a relative abundance of 48–49%. Interestingly, hydrogenotrophic methanogens were 1.6 times higher in the pretreated samples than those in the control. These results showed the potential of attrition ball milling as a food waste pretreatment for improving methane production.

scholarly journals Cultural Influences on Fruit and Vegetable Food-Wasting Behavior in the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9685
Author(s):  
Corina Pelau ◽  
Roxana Sarbu ◽  
Daniela Serban
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
World Population ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

In a context of increased world population and imbalanced access to resources, the concept of food waste has gained increased attention in the past years. The waste of food has a negative impact on the economy, the society and the environment. In order to reduce the quantities of wasted food, it is important to understand the factors and the situations in which food waste occurs. Several studies have shown that food waste happens mostly at the consumer level and that it is determined by a wide range of factors, such as socio-demographic characteristics and consumption patterns. The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of the national culture on the quantity of wasted fruit and vegetables. Based on secondary data, the panel regression analysis was applied for 28 European countries with the purpose of determining the influence of the cultural dimensions as described by Hofstede on the quantities of wasted fruit and vegetables. The results of the research show that the uncertainty avoidance of a culture complemented by the indulgence index influences the quantity of wasted fruit and vegetables, confirming that certain characteristics of the national culture are factors that affect the quantity of wasted food.

Steam Biomass Gasification - Effect of Temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Baláš ◽  
Martin Lisý ◽  
Jiří Pospíšil
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
The Impact

Gasification is one of the technologies for utilization of biomass. Gasification is a transformation process that converts solid fuels into gaseous fuels. The gaseous fuel may be subsequently applied in other technologies with all the benefits that gaseous fuels provide. The principle of biomass gasification is a common knowledge. It is thermochemical decomposition oof the fuel in presence of gasification agent. Heat from the endothermic reaction is obtained by a partial combustion of the fuel (autothermal gasification) or the heat is supplied into a gasifier from the outside (allothermal gasification). Oxygen for the partial combustion is supplied in the gasification medium. Quality, composition and amount of the producer gas depend on many factors which include type of the gasifier, operating temperature and pressure, fuel properties (moisture content) and type and amount of gasification medium. Commonly, air, steam and oxygen and their combinations are used as a gasification medium. Every kind of gasification agents has its significant advantages and disadvantages.Research and analysis of the gasification process must pay special attention to all operating parameters which affect quality and amount of the producer gas that is the efficiency of the conversion itself. Composition of the producer gas, calorific value, and content and composition of impurities are especially observed as these are the basic characteristics directly affecting subsequent application of the gas. Steam addition has a significant impact on gas composition. Steam decomposition into hydrogen and oxygen, and their subsequent reactions increases amount of combustibles, hydrogen, methane and other hydrocarbons. Steam addition in the gasification also affects amount and composition of tar and has a negative impact on heat balance.Energy Institute at the Brno University of Technology has a long tradition in research of biomass gasification in atmospheric fluidized bed reactors. Air was used as a gasification medium. This paper describes our experience with gasification using a mixture of air and steam. We analysed the whole process and in this paper we wish to describe the impact of temperature on outputs of the process, especially temperature of leaving steam and temperature of gasification reactions.

Effect of protein on biohydrogen production from starch of food waste

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1031-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Ding ◽  
X. Y. Liu ◽  
O. Stabnikova ◽  
J.-Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biohydrogen Production ◽  
Food Wastes ◽  
Hydrogen Production Rate ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Protein Rich

This study demonstrated the influence of protein on biohydrogen production from carbohydrates, especially starch, by using different combinations of two model food wastes, rice as starch-rich and soybean residue as protein-rich food waste. It was found the maximum specific hydrogen production potential, 0.99 mol H2/mol initial starch as glucose, and the maximum specific hydrogen production rate, 530 ml H2/h g-VS, occurred at a starch/protein ratio of 1.7. The protein content in the initial food waste not only provided buffering capacity to neutralize the volatile fatty acids as concurrent products but also enhanced the hydrogen production by providing readily available organic nitrogen such as soluble proteins and amino acids to microorganisms.

scholarly journals Substrate Type And Pretreatment Type Effects On VFA Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamsathvani Sivanantham
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Fatty Acid Production

In the following report, the effects of substrate type and pretreatment type on the production of volatile fatty acids during anaerobic digestion was analyzed. First, the effects on volatile fatty acid production due to substrate type were investigated. It was determined that wastes that consisted of higher concentrations of carbohydrates would generate higher concentrations of volatile fatty acids during anerobic digestion. In the investigation it was evident that food waste had higher volatile fatty acid yields compared to sludge due to the carbohydrate content. Furthermore, the effects on volatile fatty acid production due to pretreatment type were also investigated. Thermal, chemical, physical and combined pretreatments were analysed. The various types of the different pretreatments and their effects on volatile fatty acid production during anaerobic digestion were discussed in depth.

scholarly journals Substrate Type And Pretreatment Type Effects On VFA Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamsathvani Sivanantham
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Fatty Acid Production

In the following report, the effects of substrate type and pretreatment type on the production of volatile fatty acids during anaerobic digestion was analyzed. First, the effects on volatile fatty acid production due to substrate type were investigated. It was determined that wastes that consisted of higher concentrations of carbohydrates would generate higher concentrations of volatile fatty acids during anerobic digestion. In the investigation it was evident that food waste had higher volatile fatty acid yields compared to sludge due to the carbohydrate content. Furthermore, the effects on volatile fatty acid production due to pretreatment type were also investigated. Thermal, chemical, physical and combined pretreatments were analysed. The various types of the different pretreatments and their effects on volatile fatty acid production during anaerobic digestion were discussed in depth.

scholarly journals New findings on the anaerobic co-digestion of thermally pretreated sludge and food waste: lab and pilot scale studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Donoso-Bravo ◽  
Javiera Toledo-Alarcón ◽  
Valentina Ortega ◽  
Valeria Barría ◽  
Yves Lesty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Co-digestion of thermally pre-treated sewage sludge with food waste is an innovative strategy that could improve the balance and availability of nutrients needed to increase the efficiency of anaerobic digestion in terms of biogas production. In this context, the aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of different proportions of sewage sludge/food waste in lab and pilot scale reactors. Special focus was placed on the impact of the variability of food waste composition on the behavior of the pilot digester. Our results show that by adding 40% of co-substrate, a higher biogas production was possible during laboratory operation. Interestingly, using a co-substrate of variable composition had no negative impact on the reactor's stability at pilot scale, promoting an increase in biogas production through a more efficient use of organic matter. In both the lab and pilot experiences there was an impact on the amount of nitrogen in the digestate compared to digester operating in monodigestion. This impact is more significant as the proportion of cosubstrate rises. Overall, our results show that co-digestion of thermally pretreated sewage sludge with food waste allows better management of food waste, especially when their composition is variable.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Walnut Production in Biara Sub-District

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-506
Author(s):  
Pshtiwan Gharib Ghafur ◽  
Zhyan Sleman Hama ◽  
Khanda Saed Tofiq
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Irrigation Projects ◽  
The Impact

In this research is conducted about the impact of climate change on walnut production in Biara Sub-district. Descriptive – analytical method was utilized to obtain the proposed objectives by using SPSS – 16. The predominant objective of this analysis is to illustrate the inevitable impact of climate change on the walnut production in 1973-2017. The results on which the study was based on are Pearson Correlation which demonstrates that there is an indirect correlation between temperature and walnut production, and an equivalent relation with precipitation. For instance, in Multiple Regression Analysis, the impact of temperature and precipitation on small walnut trees is 4%, and on medium walnut trees is 25.8%, whereas on big walnut trees it is 24.8%. Moreover, in Coefficient of Determination, the effect of temperature on small walnut trees is 3.4%, on medium and large walnut trees increase to 18.6% and 24.7% respectively. However, precipitation impact is less than 1%, except medium walnut trees is less than 6%. The apparent wide gaps between temperature and precipitation which affects production is due to low topographic elevation and the presence of 82 springs in the study area. Additionally, an increase in temperature, a decrease in precipitation and subfreezing temperatures, in other words, chill dates, in spring time, ultimately leads to an increase in hazardous insects such as stem worms and beetle. These issues could be solved through selecting different varieties of walnuts and planting at higher elevation, construct more irrigation projects and regular irrigation, in particular during drought seasons, improving agricultural facilities and importing sufficient pesticides to tackle walnut trees diseases, is also among the precautionary methods.

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