scholarly journals Burning-derived vanillic acid in an Arctic ice core from Tunu, northeastern Greenland

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1625-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mackenzie M. Grieman ◽  
Murat Aydin ◽  
Joseph R. McConnell ◽  
Eric S. Saltzman
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
North American ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
The North

Abstract. In this study, vanillic acid was measured in the Tunu ice core from northeastern Greenland in samples covering the past 1700 years. Vanillic acid is an aerosol-borne aromatic methoxy acid, produced by the combustion of lignin during biomass burning. Air mass trajectory analysis indicates that North American boreal forests are likely the major source region for biomass burning aerosols deposited to the ice core site. Vanillic acid levels in the Tunu ice core range from  < 0.005 to 0.08 ppb. Tunu vanillic acid exhibits centennial-scale variability in pre-industrial ice, with elevated levels during the warm climates of the Roman Warm Period and Medieval Climate Anomaly, and lower levels during the cooler climates of the Late Antique Little Ice Age and the Little Ice Age. Analysis using a peak detection method revealed a positive correlation between vanillic acid in the Tunu ice core and both ammonium and black carbon in the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) project ice core from 600 to 1200 CE. The data provide multiproxy evidence of centennial-scale variability in North American high-latitude fire during this time period.

scholarly journals Burning-derived vanillic acid in an Arctic ice core from Tunu, Northeastern Greenland

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mackenzie M. Grieman ◽  
Murat Aydin ◽  
Joseph R. McConnell ◽  
Eric S. Saltzman
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Core Site ◽  
Arctic Ice ◽  
Air Mass Trajectory

Abstract. In this study, vanillic acid was measured in the Tunu ice core from northeastern Greenland in samples covering the past 1700 years. Vanillic acid is an aerosol-borne aromatic methoxy acid, produced by the combustion of lignin during biomass burning. Air mass trajectory analysis indicates that North American boreal forests are likely the major source region for biomass burning aerosols deposited to the ice core site. Vanillic acid levels in the Tunu ice core range from

scholarly journals Ice core records of biomass burning tracers (levoglucosan, dehydroabietic and vanillic acids) from Aurora Peak in Alaska since 1660s: A new dimension of forest fire activities in the Northern Hemisphere

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambarish Pokhrel ◽  
Kimitaka Kawamura ◽  
Kaori Ono ◽  
Akane Tsushima ◽  
Osamu Seki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The North ◽  
Source Regions

Abstract. A 180 m long (ca. 274 years) ice core was drilled in the saddle of the Aurora Peak of Alaska (63.52° N; 146.54° W, elevation: 2825 m). The ice core samples were melt, concentrated and then derivatized with N,O-bis-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide with 1 % trimethylsilyl chloride and pyridine followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses. Levoglucosan, dehydroabietic acid, and vanillic acid are reported for the first time from the alpine glacier to better understand historical biomass burning activities in the source region of southern Alaska. These organic compounds showed higher concentrations with many sporadic peaks in the 1660s–1830s, 1913, and 2005. Moreover, there are few discrepancies of higher spikes among them after the 1970s with sporadic peaks in 1994–2007 for dehydroabietic acid. Historical trends of levoglucosan, dehydroabietic and vanillic acid showed that biomass burning activities from resin and lignin in boreal conifer trees, other higher plants and grasses were significant before the 1840s and after the 1970s in the source regions of southern Alaska, being different from previous ice core studies. Long-range atmospheric transport could be important for levoglucosan compared to dehydroabietic acid in the North Pacific Rim (NPR). We found weak or no correlations of levoglucosan with NO2− (r = 0.06), NO3− (0.04), nss-SO42− (0.08), nss-K+ (0.11), and NH4+ (0.11) from the same ice core, suggesting that these anions and cations do not represent a gleaming signal of biomass burning activities in the source regions for southern Alaska. Hence, this study revels a new dimension of biomass burning periodic cycles in the NPR.

scholarly journals Tree-ring radiocarbon reveals reduced solar activity during Younger Dryas cooling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Sookdeo ◽  
Bernd Kromer ◽  
Florian Adolphi ◽  
Jürg Beer ◽  
Nicolas Brehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Clear Sign

&lt;p&gt;The Younger Dryas stadial (YD) was a return to glacial-like conditions in the North Atlantic region that interrupted deglacial warming around 12900 cal BP (before 1950 AD). Terrestrial and marine records suggest this event was initiated by the interruption of deep-water formation arising from North American freshwater runoff, but the causes of the millennia-long duration remain unclear. To investigate the solar activity, a possible YD driver, we exploit the cosmic production signals of tree-ring radiocarbon (&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C) and ice-core beryllium-10 (&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;Be). Here we present the highest temporally resolved dataset of &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C measurements (n = 1558) derived from European tree rings that have been accurately extended back to 14226 cal BP (&amp;#177;8, 2-&amp;#963;), allowing precise alignment of ice-core records across this period. We identify a substantial increase in &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C and &lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;Be production starting at 12780 cal BP is comparable in magnitude to the historic Little Ice Age, being a clear sign of grand solar minima. We hypothesize the timing of the grand solar minima provides a significant amplifying factor leading to the harsh sustained glacial-like conditions seen in the YD.&lt;/p&gt;

Little Ice Age Evidence from a South-Central North American Ice Core, U.S.A.

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Naftz ◽  
R. W. Klusman ◽  
R. L. Michel ◽  
P. F. Schuster ◽  
M. M. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
South Central

scholarly journals Large changes in biomass burning over the last millennium inferred from paleoatmospheric ethane in polar ice cores

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (49) ◽  
pp. 12413-12418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda R. Nicewonger ◽  
Murat Aydin ◽  
Michael J. Prather ◽  
Eric S. Saltzman
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Biomass burning drives changes in greenhouse gases, climate-forcing aerosols, and global atmospheric chemistry. There is controversy about the magnitude and timing of changes in biomass burning emissions on millennial time scales from preindustrial to present and about the relative importance of climate change and human activities as the underlying cause. Biomass burning is one of two notable sources of ethane in the preindustrial atmosphere. Here, we present ice core ethane measurements from Antarctica and Greenland that contain information about changes in biomass burning emissions since 1000 CE (Common Era). The biomass burning emissions of ethane during the Medieval Period (1000–1500 CE) were higher than present day and declined sharply to a minimum during the cooler Little Ice Age (1600–1800 CE). Assuming that preindustrial atmospheric reactivity and transport were the same as in the modern atmosphere, we estimate that biomass burning emissions decreased by 30 to 45% from the Medieval Period to the Little Ice Age. The timing and magnitude of this decline in biomass burning emissions is consistent with that inferred from ice core methane stable carbon isotope ratios but inconsistent with histories based on sedimentary charcoal and ice core carbon monoxide measurements. This study demonstrates that biomass burning emissions have exceeded modern levels in the past and may be highly sensitive to changes in climate.

scholarly journals Higher groundwater levels in western Europe characterize warm periods in the Common Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willy Tegel ◽  
Andrea Seim ◽  
Georgios Skiadaresis ◽  
Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist ◽  
Hans-Peter Kahle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

Abstract Hydroclimate, the interplay of moisture supply and evaporative demand, is essential for ecological and agricultural systems. The understanding of long-term hydroclimate changes is, however, limited because instrumental measurements are inadequate in length to capture the full range of precipitation and temperature variability and by the uneven distribution of high-resolution proxy records in space and time. Here, we present a tree-ring-based reconstruction of interannual to centennial-scale groundwater level (GWL) fluctuations for south-western Germany and north-eastern France. Continuously covering the period of 265–2017 CE, our new record from the Upper Rhine Valley shows that the warm periods during late Roman, medieval and recent times were characterized by higher GWLs. Lower GWLs were found during the cold periods of the Late Antique Little Ice Age (LALIA; 536 to ~ 660 CE) and the Little Ice Age (LIA; between medieval and recent warming). The reconstructed GWL fluctuations are in agreement with multidecadal North Atlantic climate variability derived from independent proxies. Warm and wet hydroclimate conditions are found during warm states of the Atlantic Ocean and positive phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation on decadal scales.

scholarly journals Twentieth-century warming preserved in a Geladaindong mountain ice core, central Tibetan Plateau

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (71) ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulan Zhang ◽  
Shichang Kang ◽  
Bjorn Grigholm ◽  
Yongjun Zhang ◽  
Susan Kaspari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Tibetan Plateau ◽  
The North Atlantic

AbstractHigh-resolution δ18O records from a Geladaindong mountain ice core spanning the period 1477-1982 were used to investigate past temperature variations in the Yangtze River source region of the central Tibetan Plateau (TP). Annual ice-core δ18O records were positively correlated with temperature data from nearby meteorological stations, suggesting that the δ18O record represented the air temperature in the region. A generally increasing temperature trend over the past 500 years was identified, with amplified warming during the 20th century. A colder stage, spanning before the 1850s, was found to represent the Little Ice Age with colder periods occurring during the 1470s–1500s, 1580s–1660s, 1700s–20s and 1770s–1840s. Compared with other temperature records from the TP and the Northern Hemisphere, the Geladaindong ice-core record suggested that the regional climate of the central TP experienced a stronger warming trend during the 20th century than other regions. In addition, a positive relationship between the Geladaindong δ18O values and the North Atlantic Oscillation index, combined with a wavelet analysis of δ18O records, indicated that there was a potential atmospheric teleconnection between the North Atlantic and the central TP.

Ice-Core Pollen Record of Climatic Changes in the Central Andes during the last 400 yr

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kam-biu Liu ◽  
Carl A. Reese ◽  
Lonnie G. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Proxy Records ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Ice Accumulation

AbstractThis paper presents a high-resolution ice-core pollen record from the Sajama Ice Cap, Bolivia, that spans the last 400 yr. The pollen record corroborates the oxygen isotopic and ice accumulation records from the Quelccaya Ice Cap and supports the scenario that the Little Ice Age (LIA) consisted of two distinct phases�"a wet period from AD 1500 to 1700, and a dry period from AD 1700 to 1880. During the dry period xerophytic shrubs expanded to replace puna grasses on the Altiplano, as suggested by a dramatic drop in the Poaceae/Asteraceae (P/A) pollen ratio. The environment around Sajama was probably similar to the desert-like shrublands of the Southern Bolivian Highlands and western Andean slopes today. The striking similarity between the Sajama and Quelccaya proxy records suggests that climatic changes during the Little Ice Age occurred synchronously across the Altiplano.

scholarly journals Little Ice Age (Neoglacial) Paleoenvironmental Conditions At Siple Station, Antarctica

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Mosley-Thompson ◽  
Lonnie G. Thompson ◽  
Pieter M. Grootes ◽  
N. Gundestrup
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Temperature Pattern ◽  
South Pole ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Spatially Distributed

The 550-year records of δ18O and dust concentrations from Siple Station, Antarctica suggest warmer and less dusty atmospheric conditions from 1600 to 1830 A.D. which encompasses much of the northern hemisphere Little Ice Age (LIA). Dust and δ18O data from South Pole Station indicate that the opposite conditions (e.g. cooler and more dusty) were prevalent there during the LIA. Meteorological data from 1945–85 show that the LIA temperature opposition between Amundsen-Scott and Siple, inferred from δ18O, is consistent with the present spatial distribution of surface temperature. There is some observational evidence suggesting that under present conditions stronger zonal westerlies produce a temperature pattern similar to that of the LIA. These regional differences demonstrate that a suite of spatially distributed, high resolution ice-core records will be necessary to characterize the LIA in Antarctica

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