scholarly journals Changes in paleo-underground water levels revealed by water wells and their relationship with climate variations in imperial China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyao Jiang ◽  
Xin Jia ◽  
Xinggong Kong ◽  
Meng Ou ◽  
Harry Fung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Environmental Archaeology ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Water Wells

Abstract. Based on the records of the bottom elevations of 482 ancient water wells collected from published archaeological reports, we reconstructed the paleo-underground water levels (PUWL) in the urban areas of Chengdu, Changsha, Nanjing, Suzhou, Suqian, and Yancheng cities in the vicinity of 30° N in China. The PUWL fluctuations varied between the inland and the coastal regions and their transitional areas. There were four PUWL phases in the inland areas: low in Han (206 B.C.–A.D. 220), high in Tang (A.D. 618–907), low in Song (A.D. 960–1279), and high in Ming (A.D. 1368–1644). In contrast, there were five PUWL phases in the coastal regions: high in Han (206 B.C.–A.D. 220), low in Jin-Northern & Southern Dynasties (A.D. 266–589), high in Tang-Song (A.D. 618–1279), low in Ming (A.D. 1368–1644), and high in Qing-Republic of China (A.D. 1644–1949). Yet, there were no apparent changes in PUWL in the transitional areas between the inland and the coastal regions. Regional hydrological factors cause the geographic variations of the PUWL fluctuations. Precipitation changes drove the rise and fall of PUWL in the inland areas. In contrast, the variations of PUWL in the coastal regions were attributed to the temperature-induced sea-level changes. This study illustrates the potential of using PUWL in tracing paleo-environment changes and their driving factors, which is a novel approach in environmental archaeology.

scholarly journals Monitoring Land Surface Displacement over Xuzhou (China) in 2015–2018 through PCA-Based Correction Applied to SAR Interferometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen ◽  
Tan ◽  
Yan ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Surface Displacement ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Geological Conditions

Land surface deformation in metropolitan areas, which can cause varying degrees of hazard to both human lives and to properties, has been documented for decades in cities worldwide. Xuzhou, is one of the most important energy and industrial bases in eastern China, and has experienced significant land subsidence due to both excessive extraction of karst underground water and exploitation of mineral resources in recent decades. Furthermore, Xuzhou has recently undergone rapid urbanization in terms of urban expansion and underground construction, which could induce additional pressure on the urban land surface. However, most previous research on land surface deformation in the Xuzhou urban areas has been conducted based on traditional ground-based deformation monitoring techniques with sparse measurements. Little is known about the regional spatiotemporal behavior of land surface displacement in Xuzhou. In this study, a detailed interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time series analysis was performed to characterize the spatial pattern and temporal evolution of land surface deformation in central areas of Xuzhou during 2015–2018. A method based on principal component analysis was adopted to correct artifacts in the InSAR signal. Results showed the correction strategy markedly reduced the discrepancy between global navigation satellite systems and InSAR measurements. Noticeable land subsidence (−5 to −41 mm/yr) was revealed widely within the Xuzhou urban areas, particularly along subway lines under construction, newly developed districts, and in old coal goafs. Remarkable consistent land uplift (up to +25 mm/yr) was found to have significantly affected two long narrow areas within the old goafs since 2015. The possible principal influencing factors contributing to the land surface displacements such as subway tunneling, building construction, mining, underground water levels and geological conditions are then discussed.

An expert system for real-time well field management

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Marti ◽  
G. Bauser ◽  
F. Stauffer ◽  
U. Kuhlmann ◽  
H.-P. Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Well Field ◽  
Field Management ◽  
Historical Management

Well field management in urban areas faces challenges such as pollution from old waste deposits and former industrial sites, pollution from chemical accidents along transport lines or in industry, or diffuse pollution from leaking sewers. One possibility to protect the drinking water of a well field is the maintenance of a hydraulic barrier between the potentially polluted and the clean water. An example is the Hardhof well field in Zurich, Switzerland. This paper presents the methodology for a simple and fast expert system (ES), applies it to the Hardhof well field, and compares its performance to the historical management method of the Hardhof well field. Although the ES is quite simplistic it considerably improves the water quality in the drinking water wells. The ES knowledge base is crucial for successful management application. Therefore, a periodic update of the knowledge base is suggested for the real-time application of the ES.

scholarly journals Trends and Inequalities in the Incidence of Acute Myocardial Infarction among Beijing Townships, 2007–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12276
Author(s):  
Jie Chang ◽  
Qiuju Deng ◽  
Moning Guo ◽  
Majid Ezzati ◽  
Jill Baumgartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Cross Sectional

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) poses a serious disease burden in China, but studies on small-area characteristics of AMI incidence are lacking. We therefore examined temporal trends and geographic variations in AMI incidence at the township level in Beijing. In this cross-sectional analysis, 259,830 AMI events during 2007–2018 from the Beijing Cardiovascular Disease Surveillance System were included. We estimated AMI incidence for 307 consistent townships during consecutive 3-year periods with a Bayesian spatial model. From 2007 to 2018, the median AMI incidence in townships increased from 216.3 to 231.6 per 100,000, with a greater relative increase in young and middle-aged males (35–49 years: 54.2%; 50–64 years: 33.2%). The most pronounced increases in the relative inequalities was observed among young residents (2.1 to 2.8 for males and 2.8 to 3.4 for females). Townships with high rates and larger relative increases were primarily located in Beijing’s northeastern and southwestern peri-urban areas. However, large increases among young and middle-aged males were observed throughout peri-urban areas. AMI incidence and their changes over time varied substantially at the township level in Beijing, especially among young adults. Targeted mitigation strategies are required for high-risk populations and areas to reduce health disparities across Beijing.

scholarly journals AN EX-ANTE ASSESSMENT OF CITY DISTRIBUTION ALTERNATIVES BASED ON MULTI ACTOR MULTI CRITERIA FRAMEWORK

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 4241-4272
Author(s):  
Türkan Müge ÖZBEKLER ◽  
Arzu KARAMAN AKGÜL
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Load Factors ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Urban Consolidation

Recently, urban areas face challenges that result from negative externalities of traditional distribution networks. Especially, city actors increasingly suffer from issues as inefficient load factors in operations, traffic volume on roads, and noise pollution. To overcome these problems, modern city distribution patterns integrated with the consolidation strategy have the potential to provide satisfying solutions. Align with city actors’ expectations, alternatives of consolidation-distribution schemes can offer improvements in both economic, social, and environmental issues. In particular, this study aims at an ex-ante evaluation of city distribution alternatives on the typology of consolidation-distribution schemes ensuring win-win solutions to each city actor. This paper adopts Multi Actor Multi-Criteria Analysis (MAMCA) as a novel approach to evaluating different city actors’ objectives and a set of city distribution alternatives comprehensively. The paper results highlight that micro consolidation centre facilities can be more suitable in response to city actors’ expectations among distribution alternatives to urban consolidation centre and mobile depot. Finally, future research in this topic can focus on evaluating distribution alternatives on a sector basis and marketing types such as B2B and B2C.  

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Green Investments in Urban Areas: A Proposal of an eco-social-green Model of the City

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Sturiale ◽  
Alessandro Scuderi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Green Model ◽  
Green Investments

The new and more conscious sensibility towards the environmental sphere supports the idea of “green city”, promotes initiatives of structural integration of the green with the built environment and involves a considerable number of disciplines in a cultural and social debate. The literature reports different experiences of collaborative governance, between administrations and citizens, which tend to enhance the interaction between the different social actors involved in the investments of Green Infrastructures, to share objectives and management methods and to assess the extent of ecosystem services. The objective of this article is to propose a methodological approach to assessing green investments in the urban area, which is able to internalize the social perception of citizens regarding this important component for the urban landscape, with a view to guiding the city’s government towards a new urban eco-social-green planning and evaluation model. It presents a concise framework of the scientific debate on climate change and on the effects of urban planning issues; some relevant experiences of Green Infrastructures; and the proposed methodology, applied to the reality of the “urban green system” of Catania, based on an integrated approach between participatory planning and the method NAIADE (Novel Approach to Imprecise Assessment and Decision Environments).

scholarly journals Integrate Weather Radar and Monitoring Devices for Urban Flooding Surveillance

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Yen Hsu ◽  
Tai-Been Chen ◽  
Wei-Chang Du ◽  
Jyh-Horng Wu ◽  
Shih-Chieh Chen
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Weather Radar ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Television System ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Flood Monitoring ◽  
Image Capturing

With the increase of extreme weather events, the frequency and severity of urban flood events in the world are increasing drastically. Therefore, this study develops ARMT (automatic combined ground weather radar and CCTV (Closed Circuit Television System) images for real-time flood monitoring), which integrates real-time ground radar echo images and automatically estimates a rainfall hotspot according to the cloud intensity. Furthermore, ARMT combines CCTV image capturing, analysis, and Fourier processing, identification, water level estimation, and data transmission to provide real-time warning information. Furthermore, the hydrograph data can serve as references for relevant disaster prevention, and response personnel may take advantage of them and make judgements based on them. The ARMT was tested through historical data input, which showed its reliability to be between 83% to 92%. In addition, when applied to real-time monitoring and analysis (e.g., typhoon), it had a reliability of 79% to 93%. With the technology providing information about both images and quantified water levels in flood monitoring, decision makers can quickly better understand the on-site situation so as to make an evacuation decision before the flood disaster occurs as well as discuss appropriate mitigation measures after the disaster to reduce the adverse effects that flooding poses on urban areas.

scholarly journals Geological Challenges of Archaeological Prospecting: The Northern Peloponnese as a Type Location of Populated Syn-Rift Settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2450
Author(s):  
Katharina Rusch ◽  
Harald Stümpel ◽  
Walter Gauß ◽  
Silke Müth ◽  
Alexander Sokolicek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Archaeological Prospection ◽  
Wave Refraction ◽  
Wave Measurements ◽  
Marine Terraces

The Northern Peloponnese is not only home of a series of ancient poleis that are being studied by archaeologists, but it is also located on the southern shoulder of the most active extensional crustal structure in the world; the Corinthian rift. This rift has shaped the Northern Peloponnese as we now see it today since the Pliocene. Normal faulting, the tectonic uplift of syn-rift sediments and sea level changes, has shaped a landscape of steps rising from the coast to the ridges in the hinterland that provides challenging conditions to a geophysical survey. Where we can find coarse grained slope and delta deposits of conglomerate on top of banks of marl on ridges and slopes, the lower marine terraces and the coastal plain as well as valleys show the protective caprock eroded and the marl covered by young alluvial deposits. These materials show only a small contrast in their magnetic properties, which reduces the importance of magnetic mapping for the archaeological prospection in this region. The human utilization of the coastal plain and the urban areas pose additional challenges. These challenges have been overcome through various approaches that are shown in exemplary case studies from Aigeira and Sikyon. Whereas a combination of magnetic mapping and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) works very well on the ridges and along the slopes where we find coarser sediments in addition to the magnetic mapping, it is not suitable in the coastal plain due to the attenuating properties of the alluvial sediment. Here, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) proved to be very successful in mapping entire parts of a settlement in great detail. Seismic soundings were also sucessfully applied in determining the bedrock depth, the detection of walls and in the question of locating the harbor basin. In the presented six exemplary case studies, the following findings were made: (1) A fortification wall and building foundations at a depth of 0.4–1.2 m on a plateau northwest of the acropolis of Aigeira was found by 400 MHz GPR. (2) A honeycomb-shaped pattern of magnetic anomalies that suggested cavities could be identified as a weathering pattern of conglomerate rocks. (3) A rock basement 2.3 m deep and remains of an enclosing wall of the Aigeira theater area were found by shear wave refraction measurements. (4) Extensive ERT surveys detected several building remains in Sikyon like a potential building and grave monuments as well as several small houses. (5) A silted-up depression in the sediments of the coastal plane located through Love wave measurements, could be taken as evidence for either a silted harbor or a navigable riverbed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document