Wetteranalyse als konkrete physikalische Herausforderung: Tor Bergerons bahnbrechende Beiträge aus Bergen und Leipzig während der 1920er Jahre

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.5194/dach2022-175 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hans Volkert ◽

David M. Schultz

Keyword(s):

Synoptic Analysis ◽

D 20

Computergest&#252;tzte Vorhersage- und Nowcasting-Methoden ber&#252;cksichtigen heutzutage eine Vielzahl von physikalischen Prozessen, die bei der Integration der dynamischen Gleichung aktiv mitwirken. Vor hundert Jahren erarbeitete der Schwede Tor Bergeron (1891-1977) in Bergen und zeitweise in Leipzig eine Monographie "&#220;ber die dreidimensional verkn&#252;pfende Wetteranalyse", welche eine ganze Reihe derartiger Prozesse zu quantifizieren suchte und ihre Rolle bei der Entstehung und Fortbewegung von Luftmassen und besonders von Zyklonen darlegte. Die Arbeit erschien schlie&#223;lich 1928 als umfangreiche Dissertationsschrift im Band 5 der noch jungen Zeitschrift Geofysiske Publikasjoner. Zu den ausf&#252;hrlich dargelegten atmosph&#228;renphysikalischen Meilensteinen geh&#246;ren etwa: eine Diskussion von atmosph&#228;renphysikalischen Erhaltungsgr&#246;&#223;en; die Ber&#252;cksichtigung von Aerosolen; die Dokumentation der Blockierung einer Frontalzone an den Alpen mit nachfolgender Leezyklogenese; die Entstehung von Luftmassentypen (kalte und warme) aufgrund von diabatischen Prozessen; die Verbindung von Sichtweite, Aerosolgehalt und Luftmassentyp; die Darstellung einer Prozesskette zur Niederschlagsbildung (heute: Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen-Prozess); die Pr&#228;sentation eines kompletten Jahres (1922) von Aufstiegsdaten der potentiellen Temperatur als Beleg wechselnder Luftmassen.&#160; Die Pr&#228;sentation folgt einer aktuellen Ver&#246;ffentlichung (Schultz et al., 2020), welche die erstmalige &#220;bersetzung von Bergerons Dissertation ins Englische begleitet. Wesentliche Abbildungen werden eingehend erl&#228;utert und mit neueren Daten verglichen. Lokale Bez&#252;ge zum Geophysikalischen Institut der Universit&#228;t Leipzig unter Professor Weickmann werden besonders ber&#252;cksichtigt. Literaturhinweise: Bergeron, T., 1928:&#160; &#220;ber die dreidimensional verkn&#252;pfende Wetteranalyse. Erster Teil. Prinzipielle Einf&#252;hrung in das Problem der Luftmassen- und Frontenbildung. Geofys. Publ., 5 (6), 1&#8211;118; online: www.ngfweb.no/docs/NGF_GP_Vol05_no6.pdf .&#160; Schultz, D.M., H. Volkert, B. Antonescu, and H.C. Davies, 2020: &#160; Defender and Expositor of the Bergen Methods of Synoptic Analysis - Significance, History, and Translation of Bergeron&#8217;s (1928) &#8220;Three-Dimensionally Combining Synoptic Analysis&#8221;. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 101, E2078-E2094; online: https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0021.1&#160; .&#160;&#160;

Download Full-text

FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEPATUHAN SISWA TERHADAP LARANGAN MEROKOK DI SMAN 1 SIGLI PROVINSI ACEH TAHUN 2019

Majalah Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh (MaKMA) ◽

10.32672/makma.v3i1.2024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sari Wahyuni

Keyword(s):

P Value ◽

D 20

SMAN 1 Sigli memiliki jumlah murid keseluruhan sebanyak 555 orang. Diterapkannya larangan merokok di SMAN 1 Sigli dapat memberikan pengaruh yang cukup signifikan. Di mana, sebelum adanya kebijakan tersebut sekolah sudah mempunyai peraturan mengenai larangan merokok bagi siswanya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahuai faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan siswa terhadap larangan merokok di SMAN 1 Sigli Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan crossectional study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMAN 1 Sigli sebanyak 89 orang, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 89 orang. Tehnik pengumpulan sampel adalah secara total sampling. Analisa data dengan menggunakan univariat dan bivariat, penelitian telah dilakukan pada tanggal 12 s/d 20 Februari 2019. Hasil penelitian didapat bahwa ada hubungan antara pengawasan (p-value 0,001), sanksi (p-value 0,032), informasi (p-value 0,033), sikap (p-value 0,004), terhadap larangan merokok di SMAN 1 Sigli Tahun 2019. Disarankan kepada responden agar dapat mengalihkan remaja dari perilaku merokok, misalnya dengan mengadakan kegiatan penyuluhan baik dari petugas kesehatan maupun dari tokoh keagamaan.

Download Full-text

ANALYSIS OF THE BIPHASIC ACTION OF GROWTH HORMONE IN VITRO ON THE RAT DIAPHRAGM

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.057s019 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 57 (3_Suppl) ◽

pp. S19-S35 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Å. Hjalmarson

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Actinomycin D ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Bovine Growth Hormone ◽

Rat Diaphragm ◽

Dual Nature ◽

Hypophysectomized Rats ◽

D 20

ABSTRACT In vitro addition of bovine growth hormone (GH) to intact hemidiaphragms from hypophysectomized rats has previously been found to produce both an early stimulatory effect lasting for 2—3 hours and a subsequent late inhibitory effect during which the muscle is insensitive to further addition of GH (Hjalmarson 1968). These effects on the accumulation rate of α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) and D-xylose have been further studied. In presence of actinomycin D (20 μg/ml) or puromycin (100 μg/ml) the duration of the stimulatory effect of GH (25 μg/ml) was prolonged to last for at least 4—5 hours and the late inhibitory effect was prevented. Similar results were obtained when glucose-free incubation medium was used. Preincubation of the diaphragm at different glucose concentrations (0—5 mg/ml) for 3 hours did not change the GH sensitivity. Addition of insulin at start of incubation could not prevent GH from inducing its late inhibitory effect, while dexamethasone seemed to potentiate this effect of GH. Furthermore, adrenaline was found to decrease the uptake of AIB-14C and D-xylose-14C in the diaphragm, but not to change the sensitivity of the muscle to GH. Preincubation of the diaphragm for 3 hours with puromycin in a concentration of 200 μg/ml markedly decreased the subsequent basal uptake of both AIB-14C and D-xylose-14C, in the presence of puromycin, and abolished the stimulatory effect of GH on the accumulation of AIB-14C. However, the effect of GH on the accumulation of D-xylose-14C was unchanged. The present observations are discussed and evaluated in relation to various mechanisms of GH action proposed to explain the dual nature of the hormone.

Download Full-text

HUBUNGAN PERAN PRECEPTOR DAN PENGETAHUAN MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN DENGAN KECEMASAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PRAKTIK KLINIK DI RUMAH SAKIT

Jurnal 'Aisyiyah Medika ◽

10.36729/jam.v5i1.304 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Basok Buhari ◽

Susi Widiawati ◽

Anggi Ellijayanti

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

D 20

Latar Belakang: Praktik klinik merupakan proses pembelajaran di rumah sakit yang bertujuan untuk mengenal lebih awal bagi mahasiswa mengaplikasikan ilmu yang didapat untuk mengenal proses keperawatan. Lingkungan klinik rumah sakit merupakan satu-satunya sumber kecemasan terbesar bagi kalangan mahasiswa keperawatan Praktik klinik ini akan menimbulkan kecemasan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan peran preceptor dan pengetahuan mahasiswa dengan kecemasan mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran praktik klinik dirumah sakit. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Subjek yang diteliti adalah mahasiswa keperawatan yang praktik klinik di RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada Tanggal 16 s/d 20 Juli Tahun 2019 dengan 6 Ruang Rawat Inap. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan simple random sampling sebanyak 43 responden. Metode pengambilan data dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil: Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 28 (65,1%) responden menyatakan peran preceptor baik, 25 (58,1%) responden memiliki pengetahuan yang baik dan 27 (62,8%) responden memiliki tingkat kecemasan normal terhadap pembelajaran praktik klinik di RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi Tahun 2019. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa hubungan pengetahuan mahasiswa dengan kecemasan mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran praktik klinik di RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi Tahun 2019 (P-Value= 0,000). Saran: Diharapkan RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi melakukan pelatihan secara berkala bagi preceptor. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan masukan bagi Rumah Sakit terkait peran preceptor dan pengetahuan mahasiswa yang dapat mempengaruhi kecemasan mahasiswa saat melakukan praktik klinik di Rumah Sakit. Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Keperawatan, Kecemasan, Peran Preceptor

Download Full-text

Weathering Stability and Durability of Birch Plywood Modified with Different Molecular Weight Phenol-Formaldehyde Oligomers

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13020175 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 175

Author(s):

Juris Grinins ◽

Vladimirs Biziks ◽

Brendan Nicholas Marais ◽

Janis Rizikovs ◽

Holger Militz

Keyword(s):

Uv Light ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Wood Decay ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Solid Wood ◽

Solid Content ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Weathering Processes ◽

Commercial Resin ◽

D 20

This study investigated the effect of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin treatment on the weathering stability and biological durability of birch plywood. Silver birch (Betula pendula) veneers were vacuum-pressure impregnated with four different PF resins with average molecular weights (Mw) of 292 (resin A), 528 (resin B), 703 (resin C), and 884 g/mol (resin D). The aging properties of PF resin modified birch plywood were analyzed using artificial weathering with ultraviolet (UV) light, UV and water spray, and weathering under outdoor conditions. The same combinations of PF-treated plywood specimens were then tested in soil-bed tests to determine their resistance against soft-rot wood decay. It was not possible to compare weathering processes under artificial conditions to processes under outdoor conditions. However, the weathering stability of birch plywood treated with PF resins A, B, and C, scored better than plywood treated with commercial resin D (regardless of solid content concentration [%]). Results from unsterile soil bed tests showed improvements in resistance to soft-rot wood decay compared to untreated plywood and solid wood. Mass loss [%] was lowest for birch plywood specimens treated with resin of highest solid content concentration (resin D, 20%). Provisional durability ratings delivered durability class (DC) ratings of 2–3, considerably improved over untreated solid wood and untreated birch plywood (DC 5).

Download Full-text

260 Effects of iron administration timing on pre-weaning performance and hematological criteria in pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.155 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 88-89

Author(s):

Hayden E Williams ◽

Ryan T Maurer ◽

Brittany Carrender ◽

Joel M DeRouchey ◽

Jason C Woodworth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Animal Health ◽

Injection Timing ◽

Iron Administration ◽

Newborn Pigs ◽

Pig Performance ◽

D 20 ◽

D 12 ◽

Administration Timing

Abstract Newborn pigs (n=1,892; 1.5 kg BW) were used in a 20-d study evaluating the effects of Fe injection timing after birth on preweaned pig performance and blood criteria. A total of 172 litters were used. One d after farrowing, piglets were weighed, and 11 pigs within each litter were allotted to 1 of 6 treatments in a CRD. Treatments consisted of pigs receiving no Fe injection or 200-mg of injectable Fe (GleptoForte, Ceva Animal Health, Lenexa, KS) provided on d 1, 3, 5, or 7 of age, or 200-mg on d 1 plus 200-mg on d 12. 1 pig/litter received no Fe injection and 2 pigs/litter were placed on all other treatments. Piglets were weighed on d 1 and 20 after birth to determine growth performance and bled on d 20 to determine Fe status. Increasing the age that piglets received the Fe injection tended to decrease (linear; P=0.080) ADG. Not providing an Fe injection decreased (P=0.0001) overall ADG and d 20 BW compared to all other treatments. Hemoglobin and Hct decreased (linear; P< 0.05) with increasing age when pigs received an Fe injection. There was no evidence of differences (P >0.10) between the pigs receiving a 200-mg injection on d 1 and d 12 compared to those receiving the Fe on d 1 only. Pigs not provided an Fe injection had decreased (P=0.0001) Hb and Hct values compared to pigs receiving an Fe injection. Pigs receiving the 200-mg injection on d 1 and 12 had increased (P=0.0001) Hb and Hct values compared to pigs receiving 200-mg on d 1 only. Results suggest that providing a 200-mg Fe injection within 7 d after farrowing is sufficient for optimizing preweaning growth performance. The additional 200-mg Fe injection at d 12 did not influence growth performance but does increase Hb and Hct at weaning.

Download Full-text

“SQiD, the Single Question in Delirium; can a single question help clinicians to detect delirium in hospitalised cancer patients?” running heading Single Question in Delirium” (Bcan-D-20-01665)

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-020-07504-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Megan B. Sands ◽

Swapnil Sharma ◽

Lindsay Carpenter ◽

Andrew Hartshorn ◽

Jessica T. Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Confusion Assessment Method ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Clinical Staff ◽

Screening Tools ◽

Diagnostic Values ◽

D 20 ◽

Single Question

Abstract Aim A serious syndrome for cancer in-patients, delirium risk increases with age and medical acuity. Screening tools exist but detection is frequently delayed or missed. We test the ‘Single Question in Delirium’ (SQiD), in comparison to psychiatrist clinical interview. Methods Inpatients in two comprehensive cancer centres were prospectively screened. Clinical staff asked informants to respond to the SQiD: “Do you feel that [patient’s name] has been more confused lately?”. The primary endpoint was negative predictive value (NPV) of the SQiD versus psychiatrist diagnosis (Diagnostic and Statistics Manual criteria). Secondary endpoints included: NPV of the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), sensitivity, specificity and Cohen’s Kappa coefficient. Results Between May 2012 and July 2015, the SQiD plus CAM was applied to 122 patients; 73 had the SQiD and psychiatrist interview. Median age was 65 yrs. (interquartile range 54–74), 46% were female; median length of hospital stay was 12 days (5–18 days). Major cancer types were lung (19%), gastric or other upper GI (15%) and breast (14%). 70% of participants had stage 4 cancer. Diagnostic values were similar between the SQiD (NPV = 74, 95% CI 67–81; kappa = 0.32) and CAM (NPV = 72, 95% CI 67–77, kappa = 0.32), compared with psychiatrist interview. Overall the CAM identified only a small number of delirious cases but all were true positives. The specificity of the SQiD was 87% (74–95) The SQiD had higher sensitivity than CAM (44% [95% CI 41–80] vs 26% [10–48]). Conclusion The SQiD, administered by bedside clinical staff, was feasible and its psychometric properties are now better understood. The SQiD can contribute to delirium detection and clinical care for hospitalised cancer patients.

Download Full-text