Nitrate sources and sinks in oligotrophic groundwater

Nitrate Sources ◽

Sources And Sinks ◽

Nitrification Activity ◽

Limestone Aquifers

Despite the high relevance of karstic aquifers as drinking water reservoirs, nitrate pollution of groundwater is posing an increasing threat on a global scale. Under anoxic conditions, nitrate can be converted to N2 by denitrification or anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) and thus be removed from the system. However, in the presence of oxygen, nitrification may continue in the groundwater, supported by the activity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), archaea (AOA), and the recently discovered complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox bacteria). We aimed to disentangle different sources and sinks of nitrate and key microbial players involved in nitrogen transformation processes in oligotrophic limestone aquifers of the Hainich Critical Zone Exploratory (CZE; Germany). Assessment of process rates using 15N-labeling techniques revealed a variance of nitrification rates by two orders of magnitude across six oxic groundwater wells. Surprisingly, wells with nitrate concentrations higher than 300 &#181;mol L&#8722;1 showed only very low nitrification activity of less than 2 nmol NO3&#8722; L&#8722;1 d&#8722;1, pointing to surface inputs rather than in situ production. In turn, maximum nitrification activity of 127 nmol NO3&#8722; L&#8722;1 d&#8722;1 coincided with a consistently large fraction of comammox bacteria of more than 70% in the groundwater nitrifier community. Estimated per cell activities of ammonia oxidation suggested that a contribution from comammox was needed to sufficiently explain the observed nitrification rates. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) and denitrification as potential nitrate or nitrite sinks varied within a smaller range of 1 to 5 nmol N2 L&#8722;1 d&#8722;1 across anoxic wells and were dominated by anammox, most likely linked to a low availability of organic carbon and suitable inorganic electron donors for chemolithoautotrophic denitrification. Differences in activities agreed well with 100 times higher transcriptional activity of hzsA genes involved in anammox compared to nirS genes involved in denitrification. Our findings provide strong evidence for nitrification supported by comammox bacteria in oligotrophic groundwater and for anammox as the dominating N removing process.

Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation in Start-Up of Bench Scale ASBR

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.633 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 675-677 ◽

pp. 633-637

Author(s):

Ze Ya Wang ◽

Li Ping Qiu ◽

Li Xin Zhang ◽

Jia Bin Wang

Keyword(s):

Ammonia Oxidation ◽

Ph Value ◽

Operating Temperature ◽

Granular Sludge ◽

Anaerobic Granular Sludge ◽

Bench Scale ◽

N Removal ◽

Start Up ◽

Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation

A set of bench scale ASBR reactors with 0.5 L effective volume were carried out to culture anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria, while the anaerobic granular sludge was inoculated into these reactors as well as the operating temperature is 30±1°C, HRT is 72h and pH is approximate 7.8 in this experiment. After 60 days running, these reactors appeared anaerobic ammonia oxidation phenomenon. When the influent NH4+-N and NO2--N concentrations were approximately 50 mg/L and 70 mg/L, the NH4+-N, NO2--N and TN removal were 80%, 90% and 70%, respectively, the ratio of the NH4+-N and NO2--N removal and NO3--N production is approximately 1:1.5:0.25, close to the theoretical valve of 1:1.32:0.26 and that mainly accord with the chemical equilibrium of anaerobic ammonia oxidation mode. Furthermore, when the phenomenon of anaerobic ammonia oxidation appeared, effluent pH value was slightly higher than influent and the sludge become red.

Molecular evidence of the existence of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria in the gut of polychaete (Neanthes glandicincta)

Applied Environmental Biotechnology ◽

10.18063/aeb.2016.01.011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 19 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Meng Li ◽

Ji-Dong GU

Keyword(s):

Ammonia Oxidation ◽

Coastal Sediments ◽

Anammox Bacteria ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Natural Environments ◽

Axial Distribution ◽

Neanthes Glandicincta

Neanthes are one of the most important groups of polychaete in coastal sediments, which play an important role on the nutrient cycling in coastal sediments. Here we report on the existence of anammox bacteria in the gut of polychaete Neanthes glandicincta based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Three distinct clusters of anammox bacteria are found in different gut sections of N. glandicincta, and one of them is considered as a novel, gut specific anammox bacteria after comparing with the anammox bacteria recovered from surrounding pre-digested sediment. The uniform axial distribution of anammox bacteria in different gut sections of N. glandicincta is also found in present study. These results extend our knowledge of microbial ecology of anammox bacteria in the natural environments.

Performance and microbial community of the CANON process in a sequencing batch membrane bioreactor with elevated COD/N ratios

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2020.089 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 138-147

Author(s):

Xiaoling Zhang ◽

Xincong Liu ◽

Meng Zhang

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Membrane Bioreactor ◽

Ammonia Oxidation ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Canon Process

Abstract In this study, the effects of elevated chemical oxygen demand/nitrogen (COD/N) ratios on nitrogen removal, production and composition of the extracellular polymer substances (EPS) and microbial community of a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal via nitrite (CANON) process were studied in a sequencing batch membrane bioreactor (SBMBR). The whole experiment was divided into two stages: the CANON stage (without organic matter in influent) and the simultaneous partial nitrification, anaerobic ammonia oxidation and denitrification (SNAD) stage (with organic matter in influent). When the inflow ammonia nitrogen was 420 mg/L and the COD/N ratio was no higher than 0.8, the addition of COD was helpful to the CANON process; the total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNE) was improved from approximately 65% to more than 75%, and the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) was improved from approximately 0.255 kgN/(m3·d) to approximately 0.278 kgN/(m3•d), while the TNE decreased to 60%, and the NRR decreased to 0.236 kgN/(m3•d) when the COD/N ratio was elevated to 1.0. For the EPS, the amounts of soluble EPS (SEPS) and loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) were both higher in the CANON stage than in the SNAD stage, while the amount of tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) in the SNAD stage was significantly higher due to the proliferation of heterotrophic bacteria. The metagenome sequencing technique was used to analyse the microbial community in the SBMBR. The results showed that the addition of COD altered the structure of the bacterial community in the SBMBR. The amounts of Candidatus ‘Anammoxoglobus’ of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria (AAOB) and Nitrosomonas of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) both decreased significantly, and Nitrospira of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was always in the reactor, although the amount changed slightly. A proliferation of denitrifiers related to the genera of Thauera, Dokdonella and Azospira was found in the SBMBR.

Development of Strategies for AOB and NOB Competition Supported by Mathematical Modeling in Terms of Successful Deammonification Implementation for Energy-Efficient WWTPs

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9030562 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 562

Author(s):

Mehdi Sharif Shourjeh ◽

Przemysław Kowal ◽

Xi Lu ◽

Li Xie ◽

Jakub Drewnowski

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modeling ◽

Ammonia Oxidation ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Microbial Interactions ◽

Process Efficiency ◽

Operational Conditions ◽

Novel Technologies ◽

Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria

Novel technologies such as partial nitritation (PN) and partial denitritation (PDN) could be combined with the anammox-based process in order to alleviate energy input. The former combination, also noted as deammonification, has been intensively studied in a frame of lab and full-scale wastewater treatment in order to optimize operational costs and process efficiency. For the deammonification process, key functional microbes include ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria (AnAOB), which coexisting and interact with heterotrophs and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The aim of the presented review was to summarize current knowledge about deammonification process principles, related to microbial interactions responsible for the process maintenance under varying operational conditions. Particular attention was paid to the factors influencing the targeted selection of AOB/AnAOB over the NOB and application of the mathematical modeling as a powerful tool enabling accelerated process optimization and characterization. Another reviewed aspect was the potential energetic and resources savings connected with deammonification application in relation to the technologies based on the conventional nitrification/denitrification processes.

Identification of Bacteria Responsible for Ammonia Oxidation in Freshwater Aquaria

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.67.12.5791-5800.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 67 (12) ◽

pp. 5791-5800 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Paul C. Burrell ◽

Carol M. Phalen ◽

Timothy A. Hovanec

Keyword(s):

Ammonia Oxidation ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Oligonucleotide Probes ◽

Culture Independent ◽

Identification Of Bacteria ◽

Primer Sets ◽

Nitrosococcus Mobilis

ABSTRACT Culture enrichments and culture-independent molecular methods were employed to identify and confirm the presence of novel ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in nitrifying freshwater aquaria. Reactors were seeded with biomass from freshwater nitrifying systems and enriched for AOB under various conditions of ammonia concentration. Surveys of cloned rRNA genes from the enrichments revealed four major strains of AOB which were phylogenetically related to theNitrosomonas marina cluster, theNitrosospira cluster, or the Nitrosomonas europaea-Nitrosococcus mobilis cluster of the β subdivision of the class Proteobacteria. Ammonia concentration in the reactors determined which AOB strain dominated in an enrichment. Oligonucleotide probes and PCR primer sets specific for the four AOB strains were developed and used to confirm the presence of the AOB strains in the enrichments. Enrichments of the AOB strains were added to newly established aquaria to determine their ability to accelerate the establishment of ammonia oxidation. Enrichments containing the Nitrosomonas marina-like AOB strain were most efficient at accelerating ammonia oxidation in newly established aquaria. Furthermore, if the Nitrosomonas marina-like AOB strain was present in the original enrichment, even one with other AOB, only the Nitrosomonas marina-like AOB strain was present in aquaria after nitrification was established.Nitrosomonas marina-like AOB were 2% or less of the cells detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis in aquaria in which nitrification was well established.

Transcriptional Activity of Aerobic and Anaerobic Ammonia-Oxidizing community in the Intertidal Sponge Cinachyrella Australiensis, Ambient Seawater, and Sediment

10.21203/rs.3.rs-382482/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Guofang Feng ◽

Shaofeng Li ◽

Lijuan Zhang ◽

Huchun Tao

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Cycling ◽

Ammonia Oxidation ◽

Niche Differentiation ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Ambient Seawater ◽

Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽

Intertidal Sponge ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

Abstract Microbial ammonia oxidation plays a central role in nitrogen cycling. Hitherto, four types of autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms are identified, including aerobic ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), aerobic partial-nitrification ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (parAOB), aerobic complete-nitrification AOB (comAOB), and anaerobic AOB (AnAOB). However, revelation and comparison of the active ammonia-oxidizing community in the marine sponges and their ambient environments is scarce. Here, transcribed ammonia oxidation phylomarker gene amoA of AOA, parAOB, and comAOB and hzsB of AnAOB were amplified to investigate the active ammonia-oxidizing populations in a representative marine sponge Cinachyrella australiensis, ambient seawater, and sediment niches. Ammonia-oxidizing population in C. australiensis consists of AOA, parAOB, and AnAOB, significantly different from that in seawaters comprising of AOA and in sediments containing AOA, parAOB, comAOB, and AnAOB. The quantitative assay demonstrates that AOA amoA transcripts are exclusively detectable or higher in abundance than parAOB amoA, comAOB amoA, or AnAOB hzsB transcripts by orders of magnitude in C. australiensis, seawater, and sediment niches. This transcript-based analysis clarifies the remarkable niche differentiation of putatively active ammonia-oxidizing microbiota in C. australiensis and the ambient environments. Such a work further contributes to the understanding of in situ active ecological functions of sponge microsymbionts in nitrogen cycling.

Nitrate sources and sinks in Elkhorn Slough, California: Results from long-term continuous in situ nitrate analyzers

Estuaries ◽

10.1007/bf02912049 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 882-894 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Thomas P. Chapin ◽

Jane M. Caffrey ◽

Hans W. Jannasch ◽

Luke J. Coletti ◽

John C. Haskins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Sources ◽

Sources And Sinks ◽

Elkhorn Slough

IN SITU AND PILOT ORGAN PERFUSION TECHNIQUES FOR THE STUDY OF METABOLIC DYNAMICS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.069s009b ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 68 (2_Supplb) ◽

pp. S9-S25 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

John Urquhart ◽

Nancy Keller

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Output ◽

Large Fraction ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Test Substance ◽

Organ Perfusion ◽

Systemic Blood ◽

Experimental Control ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Vascular Connections

ABSTRACT Two techniques for organ perfusion with blood are described which provide a basis for exploring metabolic or endocrine dynamics. The technique of in situ perfusion with autogenous arterial blood is suitable for glands or small organs which receive a small fraction of the animal's cardiac output; thus, test stimulatory or inhibitory substances can be added to the perfusing blood and undergo sufficient dilution in systemic blood after passage through the perfused organ so that recirculation does not compromise experimental control over test substance concentration in the perfusate. Experimental studies with the in situ perfused adrenal are described. The second technique, termed the pilot organ method, is suitable for organs which receive a large fraction of the cardiac output, such as the liver. Vascular connections are made between the circulation of an intact, anaesthetized large (> 30 kg) dog and the liver of a small (< 3 kg) dog. The small dog's liver (pilot liver) is excised and floated in a bath of canine ascites, and its venous effluent is continuously returned to the large dog. Test substances are infused into either the hepatic artery or portal vein of the pilot liver, but the small size of the pilot liver and its blood flow in relation to the large dog minimize recirculation effects. A number of functional parameters of the pilot liver are described.

Nitrate reduction, nitrous oxide formation, and anaerobic ammonia oxidation to nitrite in the gut of soil-feeding termites (Cubitermes and Ophiotermes spp.)

Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02648.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 860-871 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

David Kamanda Ngugi ◽

Andreas Brune

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Nitrate Reduction ◽

Ammonia Oxidation ◽

Oxide Formation ◽

Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation

Influence of operating conditions on population dynamics in nitrifying biofilms

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0315 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 39 (7) ◽

pp. 5-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Valentina Lazarova ◽

Danièle Bellahcen ◽

Jacques Manem ◽

David A. Stahl ◽

Bruce E. Rittmann

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Ammonia Oxidation ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Stable Operation ◽

N Removal ◽

Wide Range ◽

Total Nitrogen Removal ◽

Nitrite Oxidizers

TURBO N® is a circulating-bed biofilm reactor that provides stable operation and high N removal for a wide range of N and BOD loadings. This paper describes the influence of operating conditions on biofilm composition and population dynamics when the TURBO N® is operated to achieve tertiary nitrification, simultaneous carbon and ammonia oxidation and total nitrogen removal when coupled with a pre-denitrification fixed floating bed reactor. In situ specific nitrification rates and respiration tests showed that ammonium and nitrite oxidizers became less active in the biofilm once oxidation of influent BOD became important. Analyses of community structure with oligonucleotide probes targeted to the 16S rRNA showed the same general trends for nitrifiers, but also suggested shifts in the makeup of the ammonium and nitrite oxidizers that could not be detected with respirometry or specific nitrification rates.