scholarly journals Development of Strategies for AOB and NOB Competition Supported by Mathematical Modeling in Terms of Successful Deammonification Implementation for Energy-Efficient WWTPs

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Mehdi Sharif Shourjeh ◽  
Przemysław Kowal ◽  
Xi Lu ◽  
Li Xie ◽  
Jakub Drewnowski
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria

Novel technologies such as partial nitritation (PN) and partial denitritation (PDN) could be combined with the anammox-based process in order to alleviate energy input. The former combination, also noted as deammonification, has been intensively studied in a frame of lab and full-scale wastewater treatment in order to optimize operational costs and process efficiency. For the deammonification process, key functional microbes include ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria (AnAOB), which coexisting and interact with heterotrophs and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The aim of the presented review was to summarize current knowledge about deammonification process principles, related to microbial interactions responsible for the process maintenance under varying operational conditions. Particular attention was paid to the factors influencing the targeted selection of AOB/AnAOB over the NOB and application of the mathematical modeling as a powerful tool enabling accelerated process optimization and characterization. Another reviewed aspect was the potential energetic and resources savings connected with deammonification application in relation to the technologies based on the conventional nitrification/denitrification processes.

scholarly journals Operational modifications for the development of nitrifying bacteria in a large-scale biological aerated filter and its impact on wastewater treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1704-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
François-René Bourgeois ◽  
Frédéric Monette ◽  
Daniel G. Cyr
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Aerated Filter

Abstract To develop a better understanding for fixed biomass processes, the development of a nitrifying bacterial biofilm, as well as the performance of treatment during modifications to operational conditions of a full-scale submerged biological filter were examined. The development of the nitrifying biofilm was investigated at four depth levels (1, 2, 4 and 5 feet). The result of bacterial subpopulations analyzed by qPCR relative to the physico-chemical parameters of the wastewater during the various tests (sustained aeration, modified backwash parameters and inflow restriction) revealed an increase of the relative presence of nitrifying microorganisms throughout the biofilm (especially for nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB)), but this was not necessarily accompanied by a better nitrification rate. The highest observed nitrification rate was 49% of removal in the test cell during backwashing conditions, whereas the relative ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) population was 0.032% and NOB was 0.008% of the total biomass collected. The highest percentage of nitrifying bacteria observed (0.034% AOB and 0.18% NOB) resulted in a nitrification rate of 21%. The treatment of organic matter determined by measuring the chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD, CBOD5) was improved.

Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation in Start-Up of Bench Scale ASBR

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 633-637
Author(s):  
Ze Ya Wang ◽  
Li Ping Qiu ◽  
Li Xin Zhang ◽  
Jia Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation

A set of bench scale ASBR reactors with 0.5 L effective volume were carried out to culture anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria, while the anaerobic granular sludge was inoculated into these reactors as well as the operating temperature is 30±1°C, HRT is 72h and pH is approximate 7.8 in this experiment. After 60 days running, these reactors appeared anaerobic ammonia oxidation phenomenon. When the influent NH4+-N and NO2--N concentrations were approximately 50 mg/L and 70 mg/L, the NH4+-N, NO2--N and TN removal were 80%, 90% and 70%, respectively, the ratio of the NH4+-N and NO2--N removal and NO3--N production is approximately 1:1.5:0.25, close to the theoretical valve of 1:1.32:0.26 and that mainly accord with the chemical equilibrium of anaerobic ammonia oxidation mode. Furthermore, when the phenomenon of anaerobic ammonia oxidation appeared, effluent pH value was slightly higher than influent and the sludge become red.

Inhibition of Nitrification of Ammonia-Rich Wastewater in Immobilized Nitrifiers System

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Rong Li ◽  
Zhi Zhang ◽  
Zhen Jia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Kinetics ◽  
Nitrite Oxidation ◽  
Haldane Model ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Of Nitrification ◽  
Kinetics Of

Inhibition of ammonia oxidation and nitrite oxidation was studied in an immobilized biomass system. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) suffered different inhibition in ammonia-rich wastewater. NOB started to be inhibited when FA (free ammonia) was 2mg/L, and was totally inhibited when FA was 8mg/L. AOB started to be inhibited when FA was 22mg/L, and tended to lose activity when FA was higher than 170mg/L. Inhibition kinetics of ammonia oxidation and nitrite oxidation could be described by Haldane model. Immobilization alleviated inhibition of FA to nitrifiers, maintaining high activity even at high strength ammonia solution. Partial nitrification could be achieved by varying degrees of inhibition of FA to AOB and NOB.

scholarly journals Nitrification mainly driven by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in an anammox-inoculated wastewater treatment system

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Lu ◽  
Yiguo Hong ◽  
Ying Wei ◽  
Ji-Dong Gu ◽  
Jiapeng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria

AbstractAnaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has been acknowledged as an environmentally friendly and time-saving technique capable of achieving efficient nitrogen removal. However, the community of nitrification process in anammox-inoculated wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has not been elucidated. In this study, ammonia oxidation (AO) and nitrite oxidation (NO) rates were analyzed with the incubation of activated sludge from Xinfeng WWTPs (Taiwan, China), and the community composition of nitrification communities were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that both AO and NO had strong activity in the activated sludge. The average rates of AO and NO in sample A were 6.51 µmol L−1 h−1 and 6.52 µmol L−1 h−1, respectively, while the rates in sample B were 14.48 µmol L−1 h−1 and 14.59 µmol L−1 h−1, respectively. The abundance of the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) Nitrospira was 0.89–4.95 × 1011 copies/g in both samples A and B, the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was 1.01–9.74 × 109 copies/g. In contrast, the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) was much lower than AOB, only with 1.28–1.53 × 105 copies/g in samples A and B. The AOA community was dominated by Nitrosotenuis, Nitrosocosmicus, and Nitrososphaera, while the AOB community mainly consisted of Nitrosomonas and Nitrosococcus. The dominant species of Nitrospira were Candidatus Nitrospira defluvii, Candidatus Nitrospira Ecomare2 and Nitrospira inopinata. In summary, the strong nitrification activity was mainly catalyzed by AOB and Nitrospira, maintaining high efficiency in nitrogen removal in the anammox-inoculated WWTPs by providing the substrates required for denitrification and anammox processes.

scholarly journals Performance and microbial community of the CANON process in a sequencing batch membrane bioreactor with elevated COD/N ratios

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-147
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Zhang ◽  
Xincong Liu ◽  
Meng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Canon Process

Abstract In this study, the effects of elevated chemical oxygen demand/nitrogen (COD/N) ratios on nitrogen removal, production and composition of the extracellular polymer substances (EPS) and microbial community of a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal via nitrite (CANON) process were studied in a sequencing batch membrane bioreactor (SBMBR). The whole experiment was divided into two stages: the CANON stage (without organic matter in influent) and the simultaneous partial nitrification, anaerobic ammonia oxidation and denitrification (SNAD) stage (with organic matter in influent). When the inflow ammonia nitrogen was 420 mg/L and the COD/N ratio was no higher than 0.8, the addition of COD was helpful to the CANON process; the total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNE) was improved from approximately 65% to more than 75%, and the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) was improved from approximately 0.255 kgN/(m3·d) to approximately 0.278 kgN/(m3•d), while the TNE decreased to 60%, and the NRR decreased to 0.236 kgN/(m3•d) when the COD/N ratio was elevated to 1.0. For the EPS, the amounts of soluble EPS (SEPS) and loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) were both higher in the CANON stage than in the SNAD stage, while the amount of tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) in the SNAD stage was significantly higher due to the proliferation of heterotrophic bacteria. The metagenome sequencing technique was used to analyse the microbial community in the SBMBR. The results showed that the addition of COD altered the structure of the bacterial community in the SBMBR. The amounts of Candidatus ‘Anammoxoglobus’ of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria (AAOB) and Nitrosomonas of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) both decreased significantly, and Nitrospira of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was always in the reactor, although the amount changed slightly. A proliferation of denitrifiers related to the genera of Thauera, Dokdonella and Azospira was found in the SBMBR.

Nitrate sources and sinks in oligotrophic groundwater

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Herrmann ◽  
Markus Krüger ◽  
Bo Thamdrup ◽  
Kirsten Küsel
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Nitrate Sources ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Nitrification Activity ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Limestone Aquifers

<p>Despite the high relevance of karstic aquifers as drinking water reservoirs, nitrate pollution of groundwater is posing an increasing threat on a global scale. Under anoxic conditions, nitrate can be converted to N<sub>2</sub> by denitrification or anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) and thus be removed from the system. However, in the presence of oxygen, nitrification may continue in the groundwater, supported by the activity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), archaea (AOA), and the recently discovered complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox bacteria). We aimed to disentangle different sources and sinks of nitrate and key microbial players involved in nitrogen transformation processes in oligotrophic limestone aquifers of the Hainich Critical Zone Exploratory (CZE; Germany). Assessment of process rates using <sup>15</sup>N-labeling techniques revealed a variance of nitrification rates by two orders of magnitude across six oxic groundwater wells. Surprisingly, wells with nitrate concentrations higher than 300 µmol L<sup>−1</sup> showed only very low nitrification activity of less than 2 nmol NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> L<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>, pointing to surface inputs rather than in situ production. In turn, maximum nitrification activity of 127 nmol NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> L<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> coincided with a consistently large fraction of comammox bacteria of more than 70% in the groundwater nitrifier community. Estimated per cell activities of ammonia oxidation suggested that a contribution from comammox was needed to sufficiently explain the observed nitrification rates. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) and denitrification as potential nitrate or nitrite sinks varied within a smaller range of 1 to 5 nmol N<sub>2</sub> L<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1 </sup>across anoxic wells and were dominated by anammox, most likely linked to a low availability of organic carbon and suitable inorganic electron donors for chemolithoautotrophic denitrification. Differences in activities agreed well with 100 times higher transcriptional activity of <em>hzsA</em> genes involved in anammox compared to <em>nirS</em> genes involved in denitrification. Our findings provide strong evidence for nitrification supported by comammox bacteria in oligotrophic groundwater and for anammox as the dominating N removing process.</p>

scholarly journals Biomass aggregation influences NaN3 short-term effects on anammox bacteria activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pedrouso ◽  
A. Val del Río ◽  
J. L. Campos ◽  
R. Méndez ◽  
A. Mosquera-Corral
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Biomass Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Granular Biomass

The main bottleneck to maintain the long-term stability of the partial nitritation-anammox processes, especially those operated at low temperatures and nitrogen concentrations, is the undesirable development of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). When this occurs, the punctual addition of compounds with the capacity to specifically inhibit NOB without affecting the process efficiency might be of interest. Sodium azide (NaN3) is an already known NOB inhibitor which at low concentrations does not significantly affect the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) activity. However, studies about its influence on anammox bacteria are unavailable. For this reason, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of NaN3 on the anammox activity. Three different types of anammox biomass were used: granular biomass comprising AOB and anammox bacteria (G1), anammox enriched granules (G2) and previous anammox granules disaggregated (F1). No inhibitory effect of NaN3 was measured on G1 sludge. However, the anammox activity decreased in the case of G2 and F1. Granular biomass activity was less affected (IC50 90 mg/L, G2) than flocculent one (IC50 5 mg/L, F1). Summing up, not only does the granular structure protect the anammox bacteria from the NaN3 inhibitory effect, but also the AOB act as a barrier decreasing the inhibition.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution and Factors Shaping the Niche Segregation of Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms in the Qiantang River, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (13) ◽  
pp. 4065-4071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Lidong Shen ◽  
Liping Lou ◽  
Guangming Tian ◽  
Ping Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Niche Segregation ◽  
Qiantang River ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽  
Microbial Groups

ABSTRACTAmmonia oxidation is performed by both ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). However, the current knowledge of the distribution, diversity, and relative abundance of these two microbial groups in freshwater sediments is insufficient. We examined the spatial distribution and analyzed the possible factors leading to the niche segregation of AOA and AOB in the sediments of the Qiantang River, using clone library construction and quantitative PCR for both archaeal and bacterialamoAgenes. pH and NH4+-N content had a significant effect on AOA abundance and AOA operational taxonomy unit (OTU) numbers. pH and organic carbon content influenced the ratio of AOA/AOB OTU numbers significantly. The influence of these factors showed an obvious spatial trend along the Qiantang River. This result suggested that AOA may contribute more than AOB to the upstream reaches of the Qiantang River, where the pH is lower and the organic carbon and NH4+-N contents are higher, but AOB were the principal driver of nitrification downstream, where the opposite environmental conditions were present.

Pilot scale studies on nitritation-anammox process for mainstream wastewater at low temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Trojanowicz ◽  
Elzbieta Plaza ◽  
Jozef Trela
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Anammox Process

Process of partial nitritation-anammox for mainstream wastewater at low temperature was run in a pilot scale moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system for about 300 days. The biofilm history in the reactor was about 3 years of growth at low temperature (down to 10 °C). The goal of the studies presented in this paper was to achieve effective partial nitritation-anammox process. Influence of nitrogen loading rate, hydraulic retention time, aeration strategy (continuous versus intermittent) and sludge recirculation (integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) mode) on deammonification process' efficiency and microbial activity in the examined system was tested. It was found that the sole intermittent aeration strategy is not a sufficient method for successful suppression of nitrite oxidizing bacteria in MBBR. The best performance of the process was achieved in IFAS mode. The highest recorded capacity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacteria in biofilm was 1.4 gN/m2d and 0.5 gN/m2d, respectively, reaching 51% in nitrogen removal efficiency.

The kinetics for ammonium and nitrite oxidation under the effect of hydroxylamine

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu Wan ◽  
Pengying Xiao ◽  
Daijun Zhang ◽  
Peili Lu ◽  
Zongbao Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Nitrite Oxidation ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
No2 Oxidation

The kinetics for ammonium (NH4+) oxidation and nitrite (NO2−) oxidation under the effect of hydroxylamine (NH2OH) were studied by respirometry using the nitrifying sludge from a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor. Modified models were used to estimate kinetics parameters of ammonia and nitrite oxidation under the effect of hydroxylamine. An inhibition effect of hydroxylamine on the ammonia oxidation was observed under different hydroxylamine concentration levels. The self-inhibition coefficient of hydroxylamine oxidation and noncompetitive inhibition coefficient of hydroxylamine for nitrite oxidation was estimated by simulating exogenous oxygen-uptake rate profiles, respectively. The inhibitive effect of NH2OH on nitrite-oxidizing bacteria was stronger than on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. This work could provide fundamental data for the kinetic investigation of the nitrification process.

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