Geoarchaeological study of big Essentuksky 1 kurgan in Ciscaucasia, Russia

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-1868 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Olga Khokhlova ◽

Alena Sverchkova

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Susceptibility ◽

Time Span ◽

Exchangeable Sodium ◽

Russian Science ◽

Archaeological Data ◽

Humus Profile ◽

Haplic Chernozems ◽

Stavropol Region ◽

Chronological Sequence ◽

Instrumental Methods

The chrono-sequence of paleosols, buried under different constructions in the big kurgan Essentuksky 1 in Ciscaucasia (Stavropol region), built by people of the Maikop culture in the second quarter of the 4th millennium BC, was studied. The height of the kurgan was 5.5-6 m and diameter &#8211; more than 60 m. It had four earthen constructions and three &#8211; made of stones. We studied the composition of the material of kurgan&#8217;s constructions, paleosols buried under four earthen kurgan's constructions and the surface soil on the area adjoining to the kurgan. The macro- and micromorphological observations and set of analytical and instrumental methods were used to study the properties of soils in the chrono-sequence and composition of material from the earthen constructions. According to archaeological data, the kurgan was built for time-span from 25, but not more than 50 years. During this interval, the morphological and physicochemical properties of soils changed, namely, there was a decrease in the thickness of the humus profile and the content of organic carbon, an increase in the content of gypsum, carbon of carbonates, a shift of the area of their accumulation up the profile, and transformation of the forms of carbonate features. The percentage of the exchangeable sodium and magnesium in the composition of exchangeable bases increased and magnetic susceptibility decreased. The most &#8220;arid&#8221; properties are found in the paleosol buried last in the studied chronological sequence: the humus horizon is the lightest, the profile is most enriched in carbonates, there is the highest content of exchangeable sodium and magnesium in the composition of exchange bases, the lowest magnetic susceptibility and the maximum amount of gypsum in the second meter of the profile. During the indicated time-span of the construction of the kurgan, Haplic Chernozems Loamic changed in Calcic Chernozems Loamic. For the studied time-span, a palynological analysis revealed a decrease in forest area and an increase in the portion of grassy vegetation. In the composition of grasses, there was an increase in the proportion of steppe and xerophytic species. The climate of the studied interval (the beginning of the development of the Maikop culture in the Ciscaucasia) is characterized as drier and hotter in comparison with nowadays. The material for the earthen layers of the kurgan's constructions was taken from the gleyic horizons of the Gleysols (the lowest layer in the first and second constructions) and from the Ah and AhB horizons of the Chernozems (the overwhelming majority of the layers). This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 16-17-10280.

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Cognitive Processing of Film Cuts Among 4- to 8-Year-Old Children

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000098 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 257-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Carmen Munk ◽

Günter Daniel Rey ◽

Anna Katharina Diergarten ◽

Gerhild Nieding ◽

Wolfgang Schneider ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eye Movements ◽

Cognitive Processing ◽

Media Literacy ◽

Age Groups ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Time Span ◽

Short Film ◽

Calculation Formula ◽

Eye Tracker ◽

Chronological Sequence

An eye tracker experiment investigated 4-, 6-, and 8-year old children’s cognitive processing of film cuts. Nine short film sequences with or without editing errors were presented to 79 children. Eye movements up to 400 ms after the targeted film cuts were measured and analyzed using a new calculation formula based on Manhattan Metrics. No age effects were found for jump cuts (i.e., small movement discontinuities in a film). However, disturbances resulting from reversed-angle shots (i.e., a switch of the left-right position of actors in successive shots) led to increased reaction times between 6- and 8-year old children, whereas children of all age groups had difficulties coping with narrative discontinuity (i.e., the canonical chronological sequence of film actions is disrupted). Furthermore, 4-year old children showed a greater number of overall eye movements than 6- and 8-year old children. This indicates that some viewing skills are developed between 4 and 6 years of age. The results of the study provide evidence of a crucial time span of knowledge acquisition for television-based media literacy between 4 and 8 years.

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Paleomagnetic investigation of the Tarhanian deposits of Cop-Takyl section (Kerch peninsula, Crimea)

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-8524 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Eugeniya Filina ◽

Olga Pilipenko ◽

Yuliana Rostovtseva

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Susceptibility ◽

Field Work ◽

Natural Remanent Magnetization ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Russian Science ◽

Saturation Magnetic Moment ◽

Marine Deposits ◽

Kerch Peninsula ◽

Average Angle ◽

Sedimentation Processes

With the goal to provide the new magnetostratigraphic investigations of the Miocene marine deposits of the Black Sea Basin the forty-four oriented hand blocks of the Cop-Takyl section (45&#176;N, 36&#176;E, Kerch peninsula, Crimea) were collected during summer 2019 field work. The section is composed mainly of clays, has a total thickness of ~ 53 m and covered the Tarhanian stratigraphic interval. Standard paleomagnetic measurements have been performed to establish a new magnetostratigraphic record for the Cop-Takyl section. The composition of the ferromagnetic fraction was examined using dependences of magnetic susceptibility on temperature and saturation magnetic moment on temperature. These thermo magnetic analyzes showed that the low concentration of magnetite is the main carrier of the natural remanent magnetization NRM. Coercivity of remanence Bcr values, determined from backfield demagnetization measurements, range between ~34 and 91 mT. The structure of the magnetite grains is mainly pseudo-single domain. In order to determine true NRM directions, we studied the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. The rock sample possesses a planar anisotropy, which is a characteristic of the normal sedimentary rocks. The alternating field demagnetization of the samples (three duplicates from each level) was used for obtaining NRM vector angle elements. Demagnetization results were analyzed using orthogonal plots and stereographic projections. Polarity components were isolated in most samples between 15-60 mT. The values of the declination D and inclination I of the NRM satisfactory agree for all three duplicates from each level. This allows to average angle elements and construct curves of I and D variations over the thickness of the section. New paleomagnetic data of the Cop-Takyl section will used for assessing the effect of astronomical cyclicity on sedimentation processes. This work was supported by Russian Science Foundation, project &#8470; 19-77-10075.

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EKSPLORASI DATA ARKEOLOGI DI KAWASAN LERENG TIMUR GUNUNG MERAPI KABUPATEN BOYOLALI, JAWA TENGAH

Berkala Arkeologi ◽

10.30883/jba.v31i2.400 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 166-185

Author(s):

Sugeng Riyanto

Keyword(s):

Sixteenth Century ◽

Geographic Area ◽

Eighth Century ◽

Time Span ◽

Colonial Period ◽

Islamic Period ◽

Archaeological Data ◽

Research Activities ◽

Long Time ◽

Scientific Value

Boyolali District geographic area covers the eastern slopes of Mount Merapi (and Merbabu). In the archaeological area is very important as an area that holds relics of archaeological data with a fairly long time span. On the other hand, concern over this region has not been for the region south and west slopes are academically have contributed information and past knowledge of the Indonesian people, especially from the classical period (eighth century - XM), Islamic period (beginning of the sixteenth century AD), until colonial period (about XVII century - beginning of XX century AD). Therefore it was not excessive if the research activities through archaeological exploration in the eastern slopes of Mount Merapai is a momentum to the rise of attention to archaeological data in the region, to contribute information and knowledge within the framework of ideological development, the development of scientific value, as well as the approaches to extracting value -economic values

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Haplic chernozems humus condition of Western Bug and Styr terraced landscapes

Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography ◽

10.30970/vgg.2016.50.8717 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 296-308

Author(s):

Pavlo Papish ◽

Halyna Ivanyuk ◽

Ihor Papish

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Clay Minerals ◽

Optical Density ◽

Humic Acids ◽

Fulvic Acids ◽

Soil Thickness ◽

Humus Profile ◽

Haplic Chernozems ◽

High Degree ◽

Very High

Volyn Upland Haplic Chernozems are distributed mainly on the terrace landscapes of the Western Bug and the Styr and their tributaries (Chornohuzka, Luha, Lypa). Most of these soils are old ploughlands that have experienced various types of degradation. Haplic Chernozems are low-humus soils and they have low storages of humus substance in the 20 cm arable layer and middle storages of humus in 100 cm soil thickness. There is correlation of C humic acids to C fulvic acids within 1.2–3.3 in the humus profile. Among the various fractions of humic substances the 2nd fraction associated to Calcium dominates. A content of “free” humic acids (1rst fraction) is very low and the amount of humin is low. The optical density of humic acids ( 0,001% НА Е1 cm, 465 nm ) are high and very high. The organic matter of Volyn Upland Haplic Chernozems has some regional peculiarities. First, it caused by topographical conditions of its formation and evolution in the Holocene. Chernozems of the 1st terrace of the River Western Bug are extremely deep. They have progressive-accumulative type of humus distribution in profile, humate type of humus in upper 100 cm layer, a very high degree of organic matter humification and the same content of humic fraction associated to Calcium and lowmiddle content of 3rd fraction associated to clay minerals. The molecules of humic acids in the humus horizon of Chernozems of the 1rst terrace are better structured that indicates the older age of humus in these soils. Chernozems of the 2nd terrace above the floodplain of the River Styr are middle-deep soils. They are characterised by the regressive-accumulative type of humus distribution in profile, humate-fulvate type of humus and very high degree of organic matter humification only in 25–50 cm layer. The content of fractions associated to Calcium and clay minerals is predominantly high. Key words: Haplic Chernozems, humus, humic acids, fulvic acids, optical density, humus condition.

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Complex investigation of Lake Bannoe sediments (South Ural, Russia)

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-20024 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Diliara Kuzina ◽

Yusupova Anastasia ◽

Nurgaliev Danis ◽

Krylov Pavel ◽

Antonenko Vadim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Properties ◽

Magnetic Susceptibility ◽

Elemental Composition ◽

Magnetic Minerals ◽

Russian Science ◽

Bottom Part ◽

Complex Investigation ◽

X Ray ◽

Continuous Sedimentation ◽

Sedimentation Conditions

In paper presented results of complex investigations of Lake Bannoe (53&#176;34'40.5"N 58&#176;38'05.0"E) and its sediments. The origin of the Lake is tectonic. Seismoacoustic investigations were carried out for choose the best places for coring with continuous sedimentation and avoid gas saturated sediments. 4 long cores of sediments (up to 5.5 meters) were collected with using special hydraulic corer.To study the sediments, a set of methods was used including petromagnetic and paleomagnetic studies, the study of mineralogical and elemental composition. According radiocarbon dating the maximum age of samples is 12.5 thousand. The age of samples increases with depth naturally, which means we have continuous sedimentation without hiatus.Measurements of magnetic susceptibility (MS), hysteresis parameters and thermomagnetic analysis were carried out to determine changes in magnetic mineralogy and sedimentation conditions. Thermomagnetic curves measured on Curie express balance, coercitive parameters on J-coercivity spectrometer and magnetic susceptibility on multi-function kappabridge MFK1-FA (AGICO). The elemental composition was studied on an S8 Tiger X-ray fluorescence wave dispersion spectrometer. X-ray diffraction was performed on a Bruker D2 Phaser for studying mineralogical composition.Changes in the magnetic susceptibility along the section are not significant, which indicates the constancy of sedimentation conditions. Only lower part, below 4.7 meters, MS increasing which corresponds to big input of terrigenous material. Most common magnetic minerals of sediments are pyrite and magnetite. Main minerals are quartz, albite, mica, from 1.3 meters and below in sediments detected calcite and dolomite.Obtained data from all methods (magnetic properties, minerology, elemental composition) used for preliminary paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental reconstructions of South Ural region for last 12.5 kyr. According petromagnetic data there is no big changes in sedimentation conditions. Also elemental composition shows the same, no big changes. Bottom part of sediments core are consist of more coarse material this is reflected both in magnetic properties and in elemental composition.This work was funded by the Russian Science Foundation under grant &#8470; 18-17-00251.

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On the reliability of radiocarbon dating of burial sites of the Tagar culture

Camera praehistorica ◽

10.31250/2658-3828-2020-2-100-121 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 100-121

Author(s):

Nikolai Kuzmin

Keyword(s):

Chemical Analysis ◽

Radiocarbon Dating ◽

Time Span ◽

Specific Time ◽

Radiocarbon Dates ◽

Archaeological Data ◽

Minusinsk Basin ◽

Wide Range ◽

Scythian Period ◽

Burial Grounds

The results of radiocarbon dating of the Scythian period Tagar culture burial grounds excavated in the Minusinsk basin in several cases do not match to archaeological chronology and change conventional ideas on the succession of certain periods of its evolution. The verification of the reliability of the results of radiocarbon dating made on base of stratigraphic data, the sequence of changes in burial complexes (structures, rituals, implements), archaeological dating of some artifacts which takes into account the results of chemical analysis of bronze, earthenware and glass items demonstrated that the dates lying beyond the so-called the Hallstatt plateau (800-400 BC) are most consistent with archaeological concepts. Within this period radiocarbon dates either lay a wide range, which does not allow determining the specific time of the construction of the site, or, if a narrow time span for the complex existence is supposed, they turn out to be erroneous, as it is in case with the early Saragash mounds. Another problem point is disagreement between the results of radiocarbon dating and archaeological data which reveal the existence of clear parallels between archaeological characteristics of the Bidzhin-type mounds of the Tagar culture identified in the MinusinskBasin with those of the burial complexes of the Aldy-Bel culture of Tuva. Obviously radiocarbon dates obtained for the elite complex of Arzhan-2 fully disagree with these observations leaving cultural parallels unexplainable.

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