Parameterization of Coastal Wetlands and Their Role in Back Bay Hydrodynamics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Cialone ◽  
Gregory Slusarczyk
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Depth Analysis

<p>This paper will provide an evaluation of the role of coastal wetlands in flood risk mediation by performing hydrodynamic modeling of storm surge in back bays that include various configurations of wetland features. Wetland parameters varied in the research study include the elevation, shape, volume, and vegetation type (represented by the Manning’s friction coefficient) to identify the role of wetlands in reducing back bay flooding.   This information can be used to determine best future management practices for dredged material placement that will serve to maintain and restore wetlands in light of environmental pressures such as climate change, subsidence, storm-induced erosion, boat wakes, and other factors influencing coastal wetland dynamics.</p><p>Following Hurricane Sandy in 2012, the United States (U.S.) Congress authorized the large scale North Atlantic Coast Comprehensive Study (NACCS) to address the present and future flood risk to this region. Part of that study was an in-depth numerical modeling and statistical analysis using the ADvanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC) and STeady-state spectral WAVE (STWAVE) models and the Joint Probability with Optimal Sampling (JPM-OS) statistical technique. Following the NACCS, the New Jersey back bays were identified as a high-risk area requiring further in-depth analysis of the effectiveness of surge barriers and coastal wetlands to reduce water levels in the back bays during storms. This paper will discuss the analysis of a set of coastal wetland configurations in the New Jersey back bay region simulated with a set of 10 synthetic storm suite selected from the NACCS study.   Analysis of maximum surge envelopes, water level time series, and characteristics of tropical storm forcing conditions were used to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the wetland configurations.</p>

The role of coastal wetlands in reducing back bay flooding: New Jersey Back Bays case study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Slusarczyk ◽  
Mary Cialone
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Priority List ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Bay Area

<p>This paper will provide an analysis of the numerical modeled water levels in the vicinity of New Jersey Back Bays (NJBB) coastal wetlands in response to wave and surge forcing. The main focus of the analysis is to evaluate the contribution of the wetlands to reduce storm and flood risk, resist and recover from storms, and mitigate for degradation of the NJBB shorelines.  In order to provide information that addresses these needs, the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) evaluated a set of “high” ranked Engineering with Nature (EWN)/ Natural and Nature Based Features (NNBF) measures through an application of the predictive numerical models ADvanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC) and STeady-state spectral WAVE (STWAVE) coupled via the Coastal Storm Modeling System (CSTORM-MS).</p><p>The ERDC modeling team developed a priority list of wetland configurations to evaluate, grouped into four categories: 1) Base Option designed to determine the maximum feasible benefits from a subset of NNBF measures, 2) Option 1 designed to determine how the benefits scale with NNBF size, 3) Option 2 designed to determine how the current marsh extent contributes to flood risk, 4) Option 3 designed to determine the interaction of waves with proposed NNBF measures predominantly in the Barnegat Bay area.</p><p>The above configurations were subject to wind forcing composed of a statistically-selected subset of synthetic tropical cyclones that were part of North Atlantic Coast Comprehensive Study (NACCS) storm suite. An analysis of the effectiveness of the wetland configurations was performed with respect to the following criteria: maximum surge envelopes, water level time series, and characteristics of tropical storm forcing conditions.</p>

scholarly journals Economic damages from Hurricane Sandy attributable to sea level rise caused by anthropogenic climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin H. Strauss ◽  
Philip M. Orton ◽  
Klaus Bittermann ◽  
Maya K. Buchanan ◽  
Daniel M. Gilford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
East Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Sea Levels

AbstractIn 2012, Hurricane Sandy hit the East Coast of the United States, creating widespread coastal flooding and over $60 billion in reported economic damage. The potential influence of climate change on the storm itself has been debated, but sea level rise driven by anthropogenic climate change more clearly contributed to damages. To quantify this effect, here we simulate water levels and damage both as they occurred and as they would have occurred across a range of lower sea levels corresponding to different estimates of attributable sea level rise. We find that approximately $8.1B ($4.7B–$14.0B, 5th–95th percentiles) of Sandy’s damages are attributable to climate-mediated anthropogenic sea level rise, as is extension of the flood area to affect 71 (40–131) thousand additional people. The same general approach demonstrated here may be applied to impact assessments for other past and future coastal storms.

Of Digital Images and Digital Media

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-102
Author(s):  
Nicole Karapanagiotis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
The United States ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Imagery

This article is a theoretical and ethnographic investigation of the role of marketing and branding within the contemporary ISKCON movement in the United States. In it, I examine the digital marketing enterprises of two prominent ISKCON temples: ISKCON of New Jersey and ISKCON of D.C. I argue that by attending to the vastly different ways in which these temples present and portray ISKCON online—including the markedly different media imagery by which they aim to draw the attention of the public—we can learn about an ideological divide concerning marketing within American ISKCON. This divide, I argue, highlights different ideas regarding how potential newcomers become attracted to ISKCON. It also illuminates an unexplored facet of the heterogeneity of American ISKCON, principally in terms of the movement’s public face.

scholarly journals PRE- and POST-STORM LiDAR SURVEYS FOR ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ON COASTAL EROSION

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W8 ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
A.-L. Montreuil ◽  
M. Chen ◽  
A. Esquerré ◽  
R. Houthuys ◽  
R. Moelans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Coastline Change ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Sustainable management of the coastal resources requires a better understanding of the processes that drive coastline change. The coastline is a highly dynamic sea-terrestrial interface. It is affected by forcing factors such as water levels, waves, winds, and the highest and most severe changes occur during storm surges. Extreme storms are drivers responsible for rapid and sometimes dramatic changes of the coastline. The consequences of the impacts from these events entail a broad range of social, economic and natural resource considerations from threats to humans, infrastructure and habitats. This study investigates the impact of a severe storm on coastline response on a sandy multi-barred beach at the Belgian coast. Airborne LiDAR surveys acquired pre- and post-storm covering an area larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup> were analyzed and reproducible monitoring solutions adapted to assess beach morphological changes were applied. Results indicated that the coast retreated by a maximum of 14.7 m where the embryo dunes in front of the fixed dunes were vanished and the foredune undercut. Storm surge and wave attacks were probably the most energetic there. However, the response of the coastline proxies associated with the mean high water line (MHW) and dunetoe (DuneT) was spatially variable. Based on the extracted beach features, good correlations (r>0.73) were found between coastline, berm and inner intertidal bar morphology, while it was weak with the most seaward bars covered in the surveys. This highlights the role of the upper features on the beach to protect the coastline from storm erosion by reducing wave energy. The findings are of critical importance in improving our knowledge and forecasting of coastline response to storms, and also in its translation into management practices.</p>

The making of an uneven shore: How coastal management and housing policies shaped racial inequality in asbury park NJ

2022 ◽  
pp. 251484862110698
Author(s):  
David C. Eisenhauer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Coastal Management ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
Housing Segregation

Recent work in urban geography and political ecology has explored the roots of housing segregation in the United States within governmental polices and racial prejudice within the real estate sector. Additional research has demonstrated how coastal management practices has largely benefited wealthy, white communities. In this paper, I bring together insights from these two strands of research to demonstrate how both coastal management and governmental housing policies combined to shape racial inequalities within and around Asbury Park, New Jersey. By focusing on the period between 1945 and 1970, I show how local, state, and federal actors repeatedly prioritized improving and protecting the beachfront areas of the northern New Jersey shore while promising to eventually address the housing and economic needs of the predominately Black ‘West Side’ neighbourhood of Asbury Park. This paper demonstrates that not only did governmental spending on coastal management largely benefit white suburban homeowners but also came at the expense of promised spending within Black neighbourhoods. The case study has implications for other coastal regions in the United States in which housing segregation persists. As climate change and sea level rise unfold, the history of racial discrimination in coastal development raises important considerations for efforts to address emerging hazards and risks.

scholarly journals Challenges Faced and Support Received: Older Adults’ Perceptions of Hurricane Sandy

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison R. Heid ◽  
Seran Schug ◽  
Francine P. Cartwright ◽  
Rachel Pruchno
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Older People ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Community Networks ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
The People

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals exposed to natural disasters are at risk for negative physical and psychological outcomes. Older adults may be particularly vulnerable; however, social support can act as a resource to help individuals respond to severe stressors. This study explored the challenges older people faced before, during, and after Hurricane Sandy in October 2012 and the people they turned to for support.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 older adults in New Jersey drawn from the ORANJ BOWL (Ongoing Research on Aging in New Jersey – Bettering Opportunities for Wellness in Life) research panel, who experienced high levels of primary home damage during Hurricane Sandy. Content analysis of interview transcripts classified older adults’ perceptions on how they “made it” through—the challenges they faced and the support they received.ResultsThe findings suggested that older adults experienced emotional, instrumental, social, and financial challenges before, during, and after the storm. However, by relying on family and friends, as well as neighbors and community networks, older people were able to respond to stressors.ConclusionsOur findings carry implications for ensuring that older adults are connected to social networks before, during, and after disasters. The role of neighbors is particularly important when disasters strike. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:39–47)

scholarly journals Comparative analysis and implications of sustainable Flood Risk Management in four front-end countries: The United Kingdom, the Netherlands, the United States, & Japan 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faith Ka Shun Chan ◽  
Liang Emlyn Yang ◽  
Gordon Mitchell ◽  
Nigel Wright ◽  
Mingfu Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Flood Risk Management

Abstract. Sustainable flood risk management (SFRM) has become popular since the 1980s. Many governmental and non-governmental organisations have been keen on implementing the SFRM strategies by integrating social, ecological and economic themes into their flood risk management (FRM) practices. However, justifications for SFRM are still embryonic and it is not yet clear whether this concept is influencing the current policies in different countries. This paper reviews the past and present flood management approaches and experiences from flood defence to FRM in four developed countries with the aim of highlighting lessons for developing mega deltas. The paper explored recent strategies such as “Making Space for Water, PPS 25, and NPPF” in the UK; “Room for Rivers” in the Netherlands which was promoted to cope with flooding, integrate FRM with ideas on sustainability, and deliver good FRM practice for next generations. The United States has also established a sound National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), and Japan has developed an advanced flood warning and evacuation contingency system to prepare for climatic extremes. These case studies showed some good lessons to achieve long term SFRM direction to deliver flood management practices with social-economic and environmental concerns. Most of developing coastal megacities especially in Asia are still heavily reliant on traditional hard-engineering approach, that may not be enough to mitigate substantial risks due to human (exist huge populations, rapid socio-economic growth, subsidence) and natural (climate change) factors. We understand different countries and cities have their own interpretation on SFRM, but recommend policy makers to adopt “mixed options” towards thinking about long term and sustainability that with social, economic and environmental considerations. 

scholarly journals The role of college and university faculty in the fossil fuel divestment movement

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie C. Stephens ◽  
Peter C. Frumhoff ◽  
Leehi Yona
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Faculty Support ◽  
Tenured Faculty ◽  
Depth Analysis

Colleges and universities have played a critical role in the growing social movement to divest institutional endowments from fossil fuels. While campus activism on fossil fuel divestment has been driven largely by students and alumni, faculty are also advocating to their administrators for institutional divestment from fossil fuels. This article characterizes the role of faculty by reviewing signatories to publicly available letters that endorse fossil fuel divestment. Analysis of 30 letters to administrators signed by faculty at campuses throughout the United States and Canada reveals support for divestment from 4550 faculty across all major fields of inquiry and scholarship, and all types of faculty positions. Of these signers, more than 225 have specific expertise in climate change or energy. An in-depth analysis of 18 of these letters shows that a significantly greater proportion of tenured faculty sign open letters of support for divestment than do not-yet-tenured tenure-track faculty (15.4% versus 10.7%), perhaps reflecting concerns among not-yet-tenured faculty that such support might jeopardize their career advancement. This analysis suggests that faculty support for the divestment movement is more widespread than commonly recognized; this movement is more mainstream, and broader-based, than is often recognized. Revealing the scope and scale of faculty support for fossil fuel divestment may encourage additional faculty to engage, support and endorse this growing social movement that highlights the social impact of investment decisions, and calls upon colleges and universities to align their investment practices with their academic missions and values.

Gender and Elections

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Electoral Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Voter Participation ◽  
Depth Analysis

The fifth edition of Gender and Elections offers a lively, multi-faceted account of the role of gender in the electoral process through the 2020 elections. This timely yet enduring volume strikes a balance between highlighting the most important developments for women as voters and candidates in the 2020 elections and providing an in-depth analysis of the ways that gender has helped shape the contours and outcomes of electoral politics in the United States. Individual chapters demonstrate the importance of gender in understanding presidential, congressional, and state elections; voter participation, turnout, and choices; participation of African American women and Latinas; support of political parties and women's organizations; and candidate communication. New chapters explore the role of social movements in elections and introduce concepts of gendered and raced institutions, intersectionality, and identity politics applied to presidential elections from past to present. The resulting volume is the most comprehensive and reliable resource on the role of gender in electoral politics.

The Role of Satellite Data in the Forecasting of Hurricane Sandy

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony McNally ◽  
Massimo Bonavita ◽  
Jean-Noël Thépaut
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Atmospheric Flow ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Geostationary Satellites ◽  
Polar Satellite

Abstract The excellent forecasts made by ECMWF predicting the devastating landfall of Hurricane Sandy attracted a great deal of publicity and praise in the immediate aftermath of the event. The almost unprecedented and sudden “left hook” of the storm toward the coast of New Jersey was attributed to interactions with the large-scale atmospheric flow. This led to speculation that satellite observations may play an important role in the successful forecasting of this event. To investigate the role of satellite data a number of experiments have been performed at ECMWF where different satellite observations are deliberately withheld and forecasts of the hurricane rerun. Without observations from geostationary satellites the correct landfall of the storm is still reasonably well predicted albeit with a slight timing shift compared to the control forecast. On the other hand, without polar-orbiting satellites (which represent 90% of the volume of currently ingested observations) the ECMWF system would have given no useful guidance 4–5 days ahead that the storm would make landfall on the New Jersey coast. Instead the hurricane is predicted to stay well offshore in the Atlantic and hit the Maine coast 24 h later. If background errors estimated from the ECMWF Ensemble of Data Assimilations (EDA) are allowed to evolve and adapt to the depleted observing system, then some of the performance loss suffered by withholding polar satellite data can be recovered. The use of the appropriate EDA errors results in a more enhanced use of geostationary satellite observations, which partly compensates for the loss of polar satellite data.

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