Automatic hydrograph separation approach provides possibility to look at less-studied characteristics of water regime

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Rets ◽  
Maria Kireeva ◽  
Timophey Samsonov
Keyword(s):  
River Runoff ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
European Part ◽  
Hydrograph Separation ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Snowmelt Flood ◽  
Runoff Regime

<p>The study presents an approach to automatic river hydrograph separation and analysis implemented in GrWat open source package for R programming language. In the proposed scheme of hydrograph separation, river hydrograph is separated into base and quick flow. For plain rivers quick flow is further separated into seasonal snowmelt flood quick flow; rain quick flow and thaw quick flow. For mountainous rivers seasonal snowmelt flood quick flow component is divided into “basic snowmelt flood” component and overlapping rain floods. Base and quick runoff is separated by a critical gradient. Flash-floods are separated from the seasonal snowmelt wave by critical values of air temperature and precipitation on the event for the plain rivers and using a critical gradient concept for mountainous rivers. More than 30 characteristics of river runoff regime are calculated for each water resource year: characteristics of annual and seasonal runoff, contribution of each genetic component, characteristics of maximum runoff, n-day minimum discharges and dates when they are observed. Additionally, more than 50 characteristics of each flash-flood are calculated:  characteristics of shape, volume, timing of flash-floods, the values of meteorological parameters that bring about different types of floods. The presented approach to automatic river hydrograph separation and analysis was tested on 45 plain rivers in the European part of Russia in different climatic zones and on 10 mountainous rivers in the North Caucasus. The result of application provides a possibility for analyzing previously unstudied characteristics of river runoff regime and its climate-related transformation on the European part of Russia.</p><p>The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 19-77-10032</p>

scholarly journals New records of megachilid bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) from the North Caucasus and the south of European Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-331
Author(s):  
A.V. Fateryga ◽  
◽  
M.Yu. Proshchalykin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
European Part ◽  
European Russia ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
South Of European Russia

New data on 22 species of bees of the family Megachilidae from the North Caucasus and the south of European Russia are reported. Six species are new to Russia: Hoplitis curvipes (Morawitz, 1871), Osmia cinerea Warncke, 1988, O. ligurica Morawitz, 1868, O. cyanoxantha Pérez, 1879, Protosmia glutinosa (Giraud, 1871), and Coelioxys mielbergi Morawitz, 1880. Hoplitis turcestanica (Dalla Torre, 1896), sp. resurr. is treated as a distinct species, not a junior synonym of H. caularis (Morawitz, 1875). Megachile albocristata Smith, 1853 and M. alborufa Friese, 1911 are listed instead of previously recorded M. lefebvrei (Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1841) and M. pyrenaica (Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1841), respectively. Fourteen new regional records are reported: seven species are new to the North Caucasus, five ones are new to the south of European Russia, and two species are new to the European part of Russia as a whole. The numbers of megachilid bee species currently known in Russia, the North Caucasus, and the south of European Russia are 217, 130, and 71, respectively. The lectotype of Osmia proxima Morawitz, 1875 is designated.

scholarly journals Two approaches to hydrograph separation of the glacial river runoff using isotopic methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Chizhova ◽  
E. P. Rets ◽  
Yu. K. Vasil'chuk ◽  
I. V. Tokarev ◽  
N. A. Budantseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Runoff ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Hydrograph Separation ◽  
Snow Melting ◽  
Runoff Hydrograph ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Solution Of Equations ◽  
Isotopic Methods ◽  
Runoff Regime ◽  
Field Works

Application of the stable isotope method in the balance equations used to calculate separation of the runoff hydrograph from the Djankuat Glacier basin is demonstrated. Simultaneous solution of equations of water, isotope and ion balances is applied to estimate contributions of different components and processes to formation of the Djankuat River runoff regime. For June 2014, we made calculations for the purpose to separate contributions of the spring (isotopically weighted) snow and winter (isotopically depleted) snow. Field works in the glacial basin Djankuat were performed during two ablation seasons, i.e. from June to September of 2013 and 2014. Two approaches were used when calculating separation of the runoff hydrograph by means of solution of systems of equations for isotopic and ion balances: 1) taking account of the isotope fractionation during snow melting, and 2) with no account for the fractionation. Separation of the hydrograph for June 2014 have shown that about 15–20% of the Djankuat River runoff is formed by spring snow melting, sometimes increasing up to 36%. Contribution of spring meltwater to the total runoff increases when the isotope fractionation during the snow melting is taken into account for the calculations. In this case, the contribution of spring snow changes from 30 to 50%.

Ensign wasps (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea, Evaniidae) in the fauna of Russia, with description of a new Brachygaster Leach species from Tajikistan and Uzbekistan

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4629 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. BELOKOBYLSKIJ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
European Part ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

The Evaniidae from the Russian fauna is reviewed. Three ensign or hatchet wasp genera and species occur only in the European part of Russia (West of Urals Mountains): Brachygaster minutus (Olivier, 1791), Evania dimidiata Spinola, 1838, and Prosevania fuscipes (Illiger, 1807). Species were also recorded in the following countries for the first time: B. minutus in Abkhazia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and in the numerous localities of the European part of Russia; Evania dimidiata in North Caucasus of Russia (Dagestan); Prosevania fuscipes in Abkhazia. A new species with distinct sexual dimorphism, Brachygaster gussakovskiji sp. nov., is described from Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. 

scholarly journals Assessment of Renewable Water Resources of the European Part of Russia and Spatial/temporal Analysis of their Distribution

2016 ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
European Part ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Resources Distribution

Assessment and analysis of the annual, low-water and minimal monthly runoff of the European part of Russia over the past 35 years (till 2011) in comparison with the earlier periods of observation (1945–1977) have been performed. The runoff genesis for different river basins has been studied and the main causes of the current changes of the runoff characteristics have been found. Regional regularities of hydrological/hydro/geological processes have been stated zoning of the territories with emphasis on the river runoff formation features has been carried out. Re-estimation of the renewable (natural) surface and ground water resources over 1970–2010 has been done. Regional estimation and analysis of water resources distribution in the European part of Russia enable to make conclusions on the surface and ground water components of river runoff spatial/temporal dynamics taking into consideration contemporary features of their formation under the non-stationary climate influence. Positive changes of the annual average and especially winter air temperatures in combination with atmospheric precipitation greatly affected the rivers water content and their runoff regime. Climate changes have already caused considerable alterations of the water regime and the water resources formation conditions in a number of major regions.

scholarly journals Analysis of Host-Specific Differentiation of Puccinia striiformis in the South and North-West of the European Part of Russia

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2497
Author(s):  
Elena Gultyaeva ◽  
Ekaterina Shaydayuk ◽  
Philipp Gannibal ◽  
Evsey Kosman
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
European Part ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
North West ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
High Level ◽  
Virulence Frequency

Yellow (stripe) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. (Pst), is a major disease of cereals worldwide. We studied Pst virulence phenotypes on Triticum aestivum, Triticum durum, and triticale in three geographically distant regions of the European part of Russia (Dagestan and Krasnodar in North Caucasus, and Northwest) with different climate and environmental conditions. Based on the set of twenty differential lines, a relatively high level of population diversity was determined with 67 different Pst pathotypes identified among 141 isolates. Only seven pathotypes were shared by at least two hosts or occurred in the different regions. No significant differentiation was found between regional Pst collections of pathotypes either from T. aestivum or from T. durum. A set of Pst pathotypes from triticale was subdivided into two groups. One of them was indistinguishable from most durum and common wheat pathotypes, whereas the second group differed greatly from all other pathotypes. All sampled Pst isolates were avirulent on lines with Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, and Yr24 genes. Significant variation in virulence frequency among all Pst collections was observed on lines containing Yr1, Yr3, Yr17, Yr27, and YrSp genes and cvs Strubes Dickkopf, Carstens V, and Nord Desprez. Relationships between Russian regional collections of Pst from wheat did not conform to those for P. triticina.

scholarly journals Study of the features of the diversity of hereditary diseases in some populations of the North Caucasus

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-46
Author(s):  
Р.А. Зинченко ◽  
В.В. Кадышев ◽  
Г.И. Ельчинова ◽  
А.В. Марахонов ◽  
Т.А. Васильева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
European Part ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The North ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Different Populations

Изучены особенности распространения наследственных болезней (НБ) у населения Карачаево-Черкесской Республики (КЧР). Суммарная численность обследованной выборки - 410 368 человек, что составило более чем 86% от проживающих на территории региона. Оценена отягощенность городского и сельского населения 21 субпопуляции аутосомно-доминантной (АД), аутосомно-рецессивной (АР) и Х-сцепленной (Х-сц.) патологией. Средневзвешенное значение груза АД, АР и Х-сц. патологии у городского населения (1,46±0,08, 1,19±0,07 и 0,49±0,06, соответственно) более чем в два раза ниже, чем сельского (3,76±0,16, 2,57±0,13 и 1,34±0,13, соответственно). На основании корреляций между грузом НБ и основными популяционно-генетическими характеристиками в 21 субпопуляции предположено, что выявленная дифференциация в отягощенности населения НБ может объясняться действием эффективного дрейфа. Разнообразие выявленных НБ представлено 230 нозологическими формами: 128 АД заболеваний (954 больных из 578 семей), 73 АР болезней (718 пациентов из 589 семей) и 29 Х-сц. болезней (185 больных из 135 семей). Проведенный анализ разнообразия НБ в соответствии с частотой встречаемости показал, что 15 нозологических форм (АД, АР и Х-сц.) встретились с распространенностью чаще, чем 1:20000 населения, аккумулировав основную долю больных (50,31%, 68,66% и 65,95%, соответственно). Выявленные НБ являются частыми и для других популяций европейской части России, однако определены и различия по частоте встречаемости. Пятьдесят одно заболевание (22 с АД, 21 с АР и 8 с Х-сц. типами наследования) впервые зарегистрированы в генетико-эпидемиологических исследованиях по популяциям европейской части РФ. Большинство из них (78,43%) - редкие заболевания с распространенностью менее 1:200000. Сравнение нозологического спектра НБ в КЧР с ранее изученными популяциями европейской части РФ показал выраженную регион-специфичность и эндемичность 22 заболеваний (АД, АР и Х-сц.), которые встречаются значительно реже, либо вообще не встречаются в других популяциях РФ. The peculiarities of distribution of hereditary pathology (HP) in the population of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic (KChR). The total number of the surveyed sample is 410 368 people representing more than 86% of the population in the region. The load of AD, AR and X-linked pathology in urban and rural populations with 21 subpopulations is estimated. The weighted average value of the load of AD, AR and X-linked pathology in the urban population (1.46±0.08, 1.19±0.07 and 0.49±0.06, respectively) is more than twice lower than in the rural population (3.76±0.16, 2.57±0.13 and 1.34±0.13, respectively). Based on the correlations between the load of HP and the main population genetic characteristics in 21 subpopulations, it is assumed that the revealed differentiation in the load of HP in different populations could be explained by the effect of genetic drift. The variety of revealed HP is represented by 230 nosological forms: 128 with inheritance type AD (954 patients from 578 families), 73 with AR (718 patients from 589 families) and 29 with X-linked (185 patients from 135 families). The analysis of the diversity of HP in accordance with the frequency of diseases showed that 15 nosological forms (AD, AR and X-linked) with a prevalence of more than 1:20000 accumulate in the majority of patients (50.31%, 68.66% and 65.95%, respectively). The revealed HP are frequent for other populations of the European part of Russia, however, some peculiarities in occurrence are determined. Fifty one disease (22 with AD, 21 with AR and 8 with X-linked type of inheritance) were registered in genetic and epidemiological studies on populations of the European part of the Russia for the first time, most of which (78.43%) belong to the group of rare and identified with a prevalence of less than 1:200000. A comparative analysis of the nosological spectrum of HP with previously studied populations of the European part of the Russia showed that several HP demonstrated marked region-specificity and accumulation in the KChR - 22 diseases (AD, AR and X-linked), which are much rarer, or do not occur in other populations of the Russian Federation.

Causes of ecosystem transformations variability in lakes of the european part of Russia and Western Siberia (diatom analysis)

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Lev V. Razumovsky
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
European Part ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Climatic Region ◽  
Diatom Analysis ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
European Part Of Russia

On the basis of author's graphical analysis method, the typification of lake ecosystems transformation scenarios depending on the size of lakes was carried out. It was confirmed that the type of transformation depends not only on size of the lake, but also on the landscape and climatic region in which it is located. The distinctive features of lake ecosystems transformation types in the European part of Russia and in Western Siberia were analyzed and compared.

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