scholarly journals Do soil aggregates really protect encapsulated organic matter against microbial decomposition?

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc-O. Goebel ◽  
Susanne Woche ◽  
Jörg Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Crushed Material ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSoil aggregates can provide an effective protection of organic matter against microbial decomposition as reported by several macroaggregate disruption studies. However, research on the role of aggregation for carbon mineralization was mainly focused on arable soils. In the present study we aim to clarify the impact of aggregation on organic matter protection by measuring carbon mineralization in terms of microbial respiration rates of intact macroaggregates (2–4 and 4–8 mm) and corresponding crushed aggregates from seven topsoil horizons from both arable and forest sites. For two arable and one forest soil we found a significantly (P < 0.001) lower carbon mineralization from intact aggregates as compared to the corresponding crushed material. The portion of aggregate protected carbon reached up to 30% for a grassland soil. For the other arable and forest soils no significant effect of aggregation was found. Similarly, no clear trend could be found for the protective capacity of different size fractions. We conclude that protection by aggregation is effective primarily for soils with a large pool of labile organic matter regardless of their usage as arable land or forest.

The impact of fertilization regime and land use change on the SOM after 60 years of maize cropping

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Szalai ◽  
Ujházy Noémi ◽  
Anna Vancsik ◽  
Azer Hallabi ◽  
Gergely Jakab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;The top metre of the soil is one of the largest terrestrial carbon reservoirs. More than 50% of the soil carbon is stored as soil organic matter (SOM). Several papers report about the SOM losses due to tillage and land-use change. On the other hand, a huge amount of papers focus on the environmental potential of various min-till, no-till and other techniques for regenerative agriculture. The change of the fertilization regime also has an influence on SOM so it also can influence the humus status of the soils. This presentation focuses on the effects of different kinds of fertilization and abandonment of arable lands on the quantity and quality of the SOM.&lt;br&gt;The present study is based on Martonv&amp;#225;s&amp;#225;r Experimental Station (Hungary) which was established in 1958. The research focused on maize monoculture with the following treatments: (a) no fertilization, (b) NPK, (c) NPK with manure addition. The soil of the plots is Chernozem. Two controls were selected: (a) a natural Grassland and a secondary grassland. The secondary grassland was an arable land until 1990. Five repetitions of soil samples were taken from each plot and times. Soils were fractionated to silt and clay associated OM (s+c), aggregate associated OM (S+A), dissolved organic matter (DOM) and particulate organic matter (POM) according to Zimmermann&amp;#8217;s method (4). Quality parameters of the DOM were studied by CN analyser, UV-Vis spectrometer, spectrofluorometer, zetasizer and size exclusion chromatograph. Solid SOM fractions were studied by CHNS analyser, ATR-FTIR and DRIFT FTIR. The V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene obtained from the soil samples were sequenced on the Illuma platform for the description of microbial diversity.&lt;br&gt;Twenty years were enough to restore the natural SOM content of the soils (land-use change from arable land to grassland). Labile fractions of the SOM were higher in case of secondary than the primary grasslands. We have found differences in weight ratios of SOM fractions between fertilization regimes, as well. The proportion of microbial contribution to SOM were higher in the arable soils than the grasslands based on the C:N ratios of the SOM. However, the predominance of phyla Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia in all studied soils, microbial diversity is generally higher in the grasslands than in the arable plots. The DOM of different fertilization regimes and land uses have shown the most characteristic differences. The difference between arable plots (with various fertilization regimes) and grasslands can be characterized by humic substances (HS) with higher condensation degree and molecular mass. The application of manure has result same proportion of peptide-like components and HS with lower molecular as the DOM of grassland soils.&lt;br&gt;The microbial diversity of abandoned arable land remained similar to that of the arable lands over twenty years. The major part of the growth of SOM occurred in the labile fractions. The change of the fertilization regime also has limited potential to grow a total mass of SOM.&lt;br&gt;Support of the GINOP 2.3.2-15-2016-00056 and National Research, Development and Innovation Office under contracts K123953 are gratefully acknowledged.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Changes of risky element concentrations under organic and mineral fertilization  

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hlisnikovský ◽  
G. Mühlbachová ◽  
E. Kunzová ◽  
M. Hejcman ◽  
M. Pechová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Fresh Organic Matter ◽  
The Impact

The 28-day incubation experiment was carried out to evaluate the impact of the application of digestate (Dig); digestate with straw (DigSt); pig slurry (Slu) and mineral fertilizer (NPK) on Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn availability, on K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-extractable carbon content and on the soil pH value in long-term contaminated soil. At days three and seven of the experiment, the 0.01 mol/L CaCl<sub>2</sub>-extractable fractions of Cd, Zn and Mn significantly decreased under organic treatments (Dig, DigSt and Slu) with the most pronounced effect under Dig treatment. The NPK treatment caused the increase of risky element concentrations since day 21 of incubation which was accompanied with pH decrease. The contents of 0.5 mol/L K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-extractable carbon were the highest at day 3 and 7 of incubation in organic treatments. The significant correlations between 0.5 mol/L K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-extractable carbon and CaCl<sub>2</sub>-extractable metal concentrations showed a close relationship between fresh organic matter added in organic fertilizers and risky element availability, suggesting that newly added labile organic matter can form temporary ligands with risky elements and release them later following its decomposition.  

Control the transformation of organic matter in the soils of Western Polesie

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
V.M. Polovyi ◽  
Т.М. Kolesnyk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Balanced Structure ◽  
Transformation Of Organic Matter ◽  
Production Organization

The peculiarities of agricultural production organization in Ukraine, which are found of the land fund and agricultural lands non-balanced structure is halping to soil erosion losses an increasing by 2,3 times and soil dehumidification at the level of 0,203 t / ha. Transformation of Ukrainian crop areas structure for the period 1990-2016 was helped to an increasing of the arable land erosion hazard coefficient from 0,44 to 0,56, which provokes loss of soil organic matter by 27,3%. The transformation of Ukrainian crop areas structure by decreasing the share of cutting-edge crops has reduced the soil organic matter ballance deficit in arable soils by 72 % (+ 0,28 t / ha), the effect of which decreased by 2,14 times due to a decreasing of arable land with organic fertilization. The unbalanced supply of nutrient-fertilizing elements to the arable land of Ukraine, the limiting factor of which is the narrow C: N ratio, which is lower than the optimal by 2,48 times, is an additional important factor of accelerating arable soils dehumidification.

scholarly journals Warming and elevated CO2 promote incorporation of plant-derived lipids into soil organic matter in a spruce-dominated ombrotrophic bog

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofiti O.E. Nicholas ◽  
Zosso U. Cyrill ◽  
Solly F. Emily ◽  
Hanson J. Paul ◽  
Wiesenberg L.B. Guido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Bulk Organic Matter ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;More than one third of global soil organic matter (SOM) is stored in peatlands, despite them occupying less than 3% of the land surface. Increasing global temperatures have the potential to stimulate the decomposition of carbon stored in peatlands, contributing to the release of disproportionate amounts of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere but increasing atmospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations may stimulate photosynthesis and return C into ecosystems. &amp;#160;Key questions remain about the magnitude and rate of these interacting and opposite processes to environmental change drivers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We assessed the impact of a 0&amp;#8211;9&amp;#176;C temperature gradient of deep peat warming (4&amp;#160;years of warming; 0-200 cm depth) in ambient or elevated CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (2 years of +500 ppm CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; addition) on the quantity and quality of SOM at the climate change manipulation experiment SPRUCE (Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments) in Minnesota USA. We assessed how warming and elevated CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; affect the degradation of plant and microbial residues as well as the incorporation of these compounds into SOM. Specifically, we combined the analyses of free extractable &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt;-alkanes and fatty acids together with measurements of compound-specific stable carbon isotopes (&amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We observed a 6&amp;#8240; offset in &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C between bulk SOM and &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt;-alkanes, which were uniformly depleted in &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C when compared to bulk organic matter. Such an offset between SOM and &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt;-alkanes is common due to biosynthetic isotope fractionation processes and confirms previous findings. After 4&amp;#160;years of deep peat warming, and 2 years of elevated CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; addition a strong depth-specific response became visible with changes in SOM quantity and quality. In the upper 0-30 cm depth, individual &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt;-alkanes and fatty acid concentrations declined with increasing temperatures with warming treatments, but not below 50 cm depth. In turn, the &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C values of bulk organic matter and of individual &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt;-alkanes and fatty acids increased in the upper 0-30 cm with increasing temperatures, but not below 50 cm depth. Thus &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt;-alkanes, which typically turnover slower than bulk SOM, underwent a rapid transformation after a relatively short period of simulated warming in the acrotelm. Our results suggest that warming accelerated microbial decomposition of plant-derived lipids, leaving behind more degraded organic matter. The non-uniform, and depth dependent warming response implies that warming will have cascading effects on SOM decomposition in the acrotelm in peatlands. It remains to be seen how fast the catotelm will respond to rising temperatures and atmospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Application of <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C and <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N isotopic signatures of organic matter fractions sequentially separated from adjacent arable and forest soils to identify carbon stabilization mechanisms

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1985-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. E. Kayler ◽  
M. Kaiser ◽  
A. Gessler ◽  
R. H. Ellerbrock ◽  
M. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Land Use Type ◽  
Mineral Surfaces ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Binding Mechanisms ◽  
Arable Land Use

Abstract. Identifying the chemical mechanisms behind soil carbon bound in organo-mineral complexes is necessary to determine the degree to which soil organic carbon is stabilized belowground. We used the δ13C and δ15N isotopic signatures from two organic matter (OM) fractions from soil to identify the likely binding mechanisms involved. We used OM fractions hypothesized to contain carbon stabilized through organo-mineral complexes: (1) OM separated chemically with sodium pyrophosphate (OM(PY)) and (2) OM stabilized in microstructures found in the chemical extraction residue (OM(ER)). Furthermore, because the OM fractions were separated from five different soils with paired forest and arable land use histories, we could address the impact of land use change on carbon binding and processing mechanisms within these soils. We used partial least squares regression to analyze patterns in the isotopic signature of OM with established proxies of different binding mechanisms. Parsing soil OM into different fractions is a systematic method of dissection, however, we are primarily interested in how OM is bound in soil as a whole, requiring a means of re-assembly. Thus, we implemented the recent zonal framework described by Kleber et al. (2007) to relate our findings to undisturbed soil. The δ15N signature of OM fractions served as a reliable indicator for microbial processed carbon in both arable and forest land use types. The δ13C signature of OM fractions in arable sites did not correlate well with proxies of soil mineral properties while a consistent pattern of enrichment was seen in the δ13C of OM fractions in the forest sites. We found a significant difference in δ13C of pooled OM fractions between the forest and arable land use type although it was relatively small (<1‰). We found different binding mechanisms predominate in each land use type. The isotopic signatures of OM fractions from arable soils were highly related to the clay and silt size particles amount while organic matter not directly bound to mineral surfaces in the contact zone was involved in cation bonding with Ca. In forest soils, we found a relationship between isotopic signatures of OM(PY) and the ratio of soil organic carbon content to soil surface area (SOC/SSA). For arable soils, the formation of OM(PY)-Ca-mineral associations seems to be a relevant OM stabilization mechanism while the OM(PY) of forest soils seems to be separated from layers of slower exchange not directly attached to mineral surfaces. This means there is a potential to build multiple OM layers on mineral particles in the arable soil and thus the potential for carbon accumulation.

scholarly journals Aggrenic changes of the structural state of greyic luvic phaeozems of the Holohory-Kremenets range

2017 ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Oksana Haskevych
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Mechanical Pressure

The article describes the structural and aggregate state of Greyic Luvic Phaeozems of the Holohory-Kremenets Range. Comparison of structural and water resistance indicators for soils of different nature of use has been performed. In particular, the soils under forest vegetation, arable land and grassland were taken into account. All soils differ in the degree of anthropogenic load, primarily mechanical pressure, which is reflected in the change in the physical state of soils. According to the results of the analysis of the structural and aggregate soil composition, the indicators of water-resistance of the macrostructure of the arable layer of soils have been determined. Soils under forest vegetation and grassland have been established to be characterized by a close distribution of structural aggregates by fractions, in particular, the predominance of lumpy elements (62.27–76.80 % of air-dry aggregates). In the arable horizon of cultivated soils, the share of aggregates with the size of 10–0.25 mm (53.96 %) is increasing. Water-resistant aggregates of soils under forest and grassland are usually 10–0.25 mm in size (59.9–68.14 %), whereas in arable soils they make less than 0.25 mm. At the same time, arable Greyic Luvic Phaeozems are characterized by a higher coefficient of structurality in the arable and subsurface layer, while the water resistance index of the soil structure is lower compared with analogues under forest and herbaceous vegetation. Key words: Greyic Luvic Phaeozems structural and aggregate soil composition, macrostructure, coefficient of structurality, water-resistance index, soil aggregates.

The Impact of Corn Residue Removal on Soil Aggregates and Particulate Organic Matter

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon L. Osborne ◽  
Jane M. F. Johnson ◽  
Virginia L. Jin ◽  
Amber L. Hammerbeck ◽  
Gary E. Varvel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Residue Removal ◽  
Corn Residue ◽  
The Impact

ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC INDICATORS OF ORGANIC MATTER QUALITATIVE COMPOSITION OF YAROSLAVL VOLGA REGION POST-AGROGENIC SOILS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF MODERN CLIMATE CHANGES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Popov ◽  
A. Rusakov ◽  
Yulia Simonova ◽  
K. Tsivka
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
Type Of Land Use ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Pigment Index ◽  
Humus Horizons

The purpose of this work was to characterize the postagrogenic transformation of soil organic matter (SOM). For decision of this purpose the results of chemodestructive fractionation (CDF), the content of chlorophylls a and b , pheophetins and carotenoids, and Margalef's pigment index (PI) were used newly. Subjects of inquiry-humus horizons of soils of arable lands and fallow areas of Poshekhonsky district of the Yaroslavl region of the Russian Federation-were stitch together into two groups with differ in the type of land use. In one of them, the soils remained arable for 30-40 years (arable-arable group), in the other - the soils of arable land for the same time period were transferred to the fallow (arable-fallow group). It was found that increasing the soil water content of fallow plots compared to arable soils can lead: to improved livelihoods of the soil algocenoses (the value of PI Margalef decreased) to increase the carbon content of organic compounds, to increase the number legkomyslenno fraction in the organic component of soil, increased hydrolytic processes that reduce the content of carotenoids and chlorins (in particular, pheophytinand chlorophylls a and b) in SOM composition. Thus, results of CDF and content of chlorophylls a and b , pheophetins and carotenoids can be used to assess the postagrogenic transformation of SOM, and Margalef's PI-to characterize soil algocenosis.

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