Winter wheat growth dynamics and their relationship with the field productivity using Sentinel-1 SAR polarimetry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos-Christos Vavlas ◽  
Toby Waine ◽  
Jeroen Meersmans ◽  
Goetz Richter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Surface Moisture ◽  
Sigmoid Curve ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Yield Formation

<p>Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is sensitive to the surface structure as well as dielectric properties, so can be used to quantify the canopy characteristics and surface moisture. High temporal frequency SAR backscatter data are useful in terms of quantifying crop phenological development, growth and yield formation. The aim of this research is to identify the growth dynamics of winter wheat from SAR at field scale, validated using farm sites with different productivity between two years (2018-2019). We identify and explore the parameters which characterize crop performance from SAR temporal curves and use these to improve and automate the monitoring of wheat fields. Our novel methodology includes the extraction of crop indicators using the VH/VV ratio temporal curve from Sentinel-1. Sigmoid curve fitting is used to simulate the VH/VV response and the extracted parameters are related to the field development. The results show that specific indicators, such as the duration of the high vegetation (stem elongation to dough development) as well as the timing of the booting stage of wheat significantly correlate with the final yield. Other indicators can provide information about the canopy characteristics of wheat (e.g. above ground biomass and plant water content). The combination of selected indicators can provide a more robust analysis of the fields. These results demonstrate the potential of SAR to remotely quantify yield without using any management data from the farm.</p>

scholarly journals Optimal Hyperspectral Characteristics Determination for Winter Wheat Yield Prediction

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Qiming Qin ◽  
Huazhong Ren ◽  
Yuanheng Sun ◽  
Minzan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Yield Prediction ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Yield Formation

Crop growth in different periods influences the final yield. This study started from the agronomic mechanism of yield formation and aimed to extract useful spectral characteristics in different phenological phases, which could directly describe the final yield and dynamic contributions of different phases to the yield formation. Hyperspectral information of the winter wheat canopy was acquired during three important phases (jointing stage, heading stage, and grain-filling stage). An enhanced 2D correlation spectral analysis method modified by mutual information was proposed to identify the sensitive wavebands. The selected wavebands performed well with good mechanism interpretation and close correlation with important crop growth parameters and main physiological activities related to yield formation. The quantitative contribution proportions of plant growth in three phases to the final yield were estimated by determining the coefficients of partial least square models based on full spectral information. They were then used as single-phase weight factors to merge the selected wavebands. The support vector machine model based on the weighted spectral dataset performed well in yield prediction with satisfactory accuracy and robustness. This result would provide rapid and accurate guidance for agricultural production and would be valuable for the processing of hyperspectral remote sensing data.

scholarly journals Chlormequat chloride and ethephon affect growth and yield formation of conventional, naked and dwarf oat

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PELTONEN-SAINIO ◽  
A. RAJALA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Yield Formation

Department of Plant Production, PO Box 27, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Current address: MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland. e-mail: [email protected] Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are not usually applied to oat (Avena sativa L.) crops. This study was designed to test whether the antigibberellin chlormequat chloride (CCC) and ethylene-releasing ethephon sprayed on to oat foliage represent potential agents for manipulation of yield formation under northern growing conditions. Effects of these PGRs on yield components and tiller growth and productivity were examined in detail. This study included a long-strawed landrace, a modern standard height cultivar, two naked (A. sativa ssp. nuda L.) and two dwarf oats. Field experiments were conducted at Viikki Experimental Farm, University of Helsinki, in 1995 and 1996. Chlormequat chloride was sprayed at the two-node stage and ethephon when the flag leaf ligule was just visible on the main shoot. Various traits characterizing growth and yield formation were assessed. Chlormequat chloride increased grain yield by 0% to 13% depending on cultivar and year, while ethephon most often decreased it by up to 17%. No lodging occurred and the recorded increase in grain yield of CCC treated plants was not therefore due to prevention of lodging. However, CCC treatment resulted in more panicles per square meter and in 1995 tillers contributed more to grain yield. Ethephon treated plants had less grains per main shoot panicle, lower panicle filling rate (PFR) and parallel decreased harvest index (HI). Stem elongation of dwarf oat was enhanced by CCC, in contrast to that of conventional and naked cultivars.;

scholarly journals Alterations in growth and canopy architecture among dwarf, semidwarf and tall oat lines grown under northern conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. MÄKELÄ ◽  
S. MUURINEN ◽  
P. PELTONEN-SAINIO
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Yield Formation

The Finnish growing season is particularly short, with an intensive growth period, unfavourable rainfall distribution and frequently occurring fluctuations in climate that affect crop growth and yield formation. A three-year study was conducted in the field to determine the contribution of alterations in canopy structure, tillering and stem elongation among dwarf (D), semidwarf (SD) and tall (T) oat (Avena sativa L.) lines to yield formation. Yield components, leaf characteristics and straw traits were measured from six oat lines (D lines Pal and Grane, SD lines Hja 76416 and Salo, and T lines Veli and Jalostettu maatiainen) separately on the main shoot and tillers. Results indicated that long leaf area duration and high leaf area index were associated with increased grain yield probably due to more persistent and active assimilation. Also, higher number of leaves increased the grain yield. Higher peduncle, straw and node weights associating with increased grain yield may result from more abundant assimilate reserves; however, the longer the straw and peduncle, the lower the grain yield, which may result from increased lodging of SD and T lines. The traits contributing most to the grain yield varied greatly from year to year. It is concluded that no single dominant trait determined grain yield, since yield is a product of several different traits. SD lines seemed to be most promising for further breeding programs on the basis of their growth pattern and yielding ability.;

Growth dynamics and yield of winter wheat varieties grown at diverse nitrogen levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sugár ◽  
Z. Berzsenyi
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Genotypic Effect ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
N Level

The growth dynamics determining the yield of winter wheat depends partly on genetic determination and partly on environmental factors, including nutrient supplies. Growth and yield responses to nutrient supplies were investigated for three diverse genotypes. In the dry year of 2007 dry matter production and leaf area were influenced chiefly by N supplies, while in the more favourable year of 2008 the genotypic effect was more pronounced, and in most cases N fertiliser only led to a significant increase in yield up to a rate of 80 kg ha −1 . The maximum value of the leaf area index (LAI) was recorded at the 240 kg ha −1 N level for all three varieties in 2007 (11.5; 9.9; 8.1), while in 2008 the maximum was observed at the 160 kg ha −1 N level for Mv Toborzó and Mv Palotás (8.6 and 8.4, respectively), and only in Mv Verbunkos did LAI continue to increase up to 240 kg ha −1 N (9.8). The cumulative BMD and LAD parameters mostly exhibited much higher values in 2007 than in 2008. The maximum grain yield was achieved at 160 kg ha −1 N in 2007 and at 80 kg ha −1 N in 2008. It could be concluded from the results that the manifestation of genotypic traits was enhanced by favourable weather conditions, which also led to the better utilisation of lower rates of N fertiliser.

scholarly journals Influence of Take-All Epidemics on Winter Wheat Yield Formation and Yield Loss

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 694-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Schoeny ◽  
Marie-Hélène Jeuffroy ◽  
Philippe Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Take All

The effects of take-all epidemics on winter wheat yield formation were determined, and disease-yield relationships were established to assess the agronomic efficacy and economic benefits of control methods. Epidemics were generated in naturally infested fields by varying cropping season, crop order in the rotation, and experimental fungicide seed treatment. Disease incidence and severity were assessed from tillering to flowering. Yield components were measured at harvest. Models simulating the formation of the yield components in the absence of limiting factors were used to estimate the losses caused by take-all. Losses were predicted by the disease level at a specific time or the area under the disease progress curve, reflecting accumulation during a specific period. Losses of grain number per square meter and 1,000-grain weight were linked to cumulative disease incidence between the beginning of stem elongation and flowering, and disease incidence at midstem elongation, respectively. Yield losses were accounted for by both cumulative disease incidence between sowing and flowering, and disease incidence at midstem elongation. Results confirm the importance of nitrogen fertilization in reducing the impact of take-all on wheat.

scholarly journals Physiological response of flag leaf and yield formation of winter wheat under different spring restrictive irrigation regimes in the Haihe Plain, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2343-2359
Author(s):  
Xue-jing LIU ◽  
Bao-zhong YIN ◽  
Zhao-hui HU ◽  
Xiao-yuan BAO ◽  
Yan-dong WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Yield Formation

Response of winter wheat to prolonged waterlogging under outdoor conditions

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Belford
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Waterlogging Treatment

SUMMARYThe response of winter wheat cv. Maris Huntsman to waterlogging was studied in two experiments in soil columns outdoors. Winter waterlogging treatments increased nodal root production and the proportion of aerenchyma within roots, but caused chlorosis and premature senescence of leaves, and decreased tillering. For all treatments, grain losses were much less than expected from the extent of tiller loss in winter; losses after single waterlogging events ranged from 2% (after 47 days with the water-table at 5 cm) to 16% (after 80 days with the water-table at the soil surface). Yield losses after three waterloggings at the seedling, tillering and stem elongation stages of growth were additive, and totalled 19%. In many treatments, grain loss was associated with lighter individual grain weights, suggesting that the size of the root system or efficiency of water and nutrient uptake by roots at the later stages of growth may have been less after earlier waterlogging. The importance of nitrogen fertilizer in maintaining a satisfactory plant nitrogen status was shown when nitrogen was with held before a 3-week waterlogging treatment during stem elongation; tiller and floret survival was subsequently greatly restricted and grain yields decreased 22% below those of plants waterlogged at the same stage of growth but supplied with nitrogen.

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of semi-dwarf and tall varieties of winter wheat

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Pearman ◽  
S. M. Thomas ◽  
G. N. Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Dwarf Variety

SummaryEight amounts of nitrogen ranging from 0 to 210 kg N/ha were applied to two tall and one semi-dwarf variety of winter wheat in the spring of 1975 and 1976. The tall varieties were Cappelle-Desprez and Maris Huntsman; the semi-dwarf variety was Maris Fundin in 1975 and Hobbit in 1976. Interactions between varieties and nitrogen were few and small compared with the main effects. All varieties produced their maximum grain yields with 180 kg N/ha. The yield of the semi-dwarf varieties, but not the others, decreased slightly with more nitrogen.Cappelle-Desprez yielded less grain than the other varieties in both years. In 1975 the yields of Maris Fundin and Maris Huntsman were similar and in 1976 Hobbit yielded more than Maris Huntsman. The varieties had similar numbers of ears at maturity and similar patterns of tillering. The semi-dwarf varieties had most grains per spikelet, and hence grains per ear, and Cappelle-Desprez had least. The semi-dwarf varieties had the smallest grains. The semi-dwarf varieties had less straw than the other varieties and hence the largest ratios of grain to total above-ground dry weight. The decrease in dry weight of stem and leaves between anthesis and maturity was similar for all varieties. In 1975 the efficiency of the top two leaves plus top internode in producing grain was the same for all varieties, but in 1976 Hobbit was more efficient than the other two. There were some small differences between varieties in nutrient uptake that were not related to differences in growth. Maris Fundin tended to have a greater phosphorus and potassium content than the tall varieties. Hobbit contained slightly less nitrogen than the tall varieties at maturity, and had a smaller concentration of nitrogen in the grain.Applying 210 kg N/ha doubled grain yield in 1975. Applying nitrogen resulted in a largeincrease in number of ears and a small increase in number of grains per ear due to the development of more fertile spikelets per ear. Nitrogen decreased dry weight per grain, especially of the semi-dwarf varieties. With extra nitrogen, straw dry weight at maturity, shoot dry weight atanthesis and leaf area were all increased relatively more than grain yield, and stems lost moredry weight between anthesis and maturity than without nitrogen. The year 1976 was exceptionallydry and nitrogen had only small effects in that it affected neither straw dry weight nor numberof ears but slightly increased grain yield by increasing the number of spikelets and number of grains per spikelet. It also increased leaf area proportionately to grain yield. In 1975 nitrogen increased evaporation of water from the crop before anthesis but decreased it after anthesis, even though it continued to increase the extraction of water from below 90 cm.

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