Long-term hydrological and hydrodynamic modeling of a complex Ramsar site using HEC-RAS 5.0.7 2D – The Taim Wetland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibiana Peruzzo Bule ◽  
Rutinéia Tassi ◽  
Daniel Gustavo Allasia Piccilli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Hydrodynamic Modeling ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Ramsar Site ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
Environmental Evaluation ◽  
The World ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Different Sources

<p>Wetlands are ecosystems recognized as one of the most valuable natural resources in the world. Although this importance, several wetlands around the world have lost areas due to anthropic threats. One example of a wetland with international importance is the Taim Wetland. This Ramsar Site number 2298, is a fresh-water wetland with 330 km<sup>2</sup> located in the Southern part of Brazil, close to the border with Uruguay. The primary threat to this wetland is related to water demand conflicts on its watershed. Extensive rice fields occur around Taim Wetland and large yearly volumes of water from its main tributary Mangueira Lake are withdrawn, leading to changes in the hydrodynamics within the wetland. Thus, by one side, there is the regional economic dependence of rice cultivation and, on the other hand, conditions related to water availability are vital for maintaining the ecosystem as a whole. Different human-made infrastructures also impact local hydrodynamics as road, gates, fauna tunnels, natural effects as backwater and climate factors. Due to its importance, the Taim Wetland has been the object of different studies aiming to evaluate strategies for an integrated water management policy, allowing it to reach both environmental and economic benefits. The local complexity leads to the need for applying hydrological-hydrodynamic models able to represent the behavior accurately. Paz, 2003 and Villanueva, 1997 already applied hydrological and 2D-hydrodynamic modeling in the area; however, in the light of information available at that time and computational constraints, these studies needed to adopt several simplifications. In this study, the 2D HEC-RAS 5.0.7 was used to represent the system based on new terrain information obtained from the combination of different sources such as satellite, drone images and local measurement allowing the acquisition of information such as flooding areas, velocities, and flow patterns. New insights of local features such as internal channels, lakes, dunes, road and vegetation such as emergent macrophytes permitted new understandings of hydrodynamics. Nevertheless, hydraulic structures as a set of gates and fauna tunnels were also included in the representation, allowing the analysis of different operational scenarios during the modeling. These results also provide critical information for the environmental evaluation of habitats and points towards better management policies.</p>

Zinc Poisoning - Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 1489-1498
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Rafati Rahimzadeh ◽  
Mehravar Rafati Rahimzadeh ◽  
Sohrab Kazemi ◽  
Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
Keyword(s):  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Zinc Toxicity ◽  
Zinc Compounds ◽  
The World ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Protective Lung Ventilation

Zinc poisoning has been reported from many parts of the world. It is one of the global health problems that affect many organs, if exposed by inhalation of zinc vapors or by consumption of contaminated food and water. Long term exposure to zinc compounds from different sources such as air, water, soil, and food, lead to toxic effects on body systems, especially digestive, respiratory, and nerve systems, and also causes cancer. Zinc levels can be determined in blood, urine, hair, and nails. Patients with zinc toxicity need chelating agents, other pharmacological treatment, protective lung ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and supportive care.

scholarly journals Ramsar Wetlands of International Importance–Improving Conservation Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Kingsford ◽  
G. Bino ◽  
C. M. Finlayson ◽  
D. Falster ◽  
J.A. Fitzsimons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Ramsar Site ◽  
Ramsar Convention ◽  
Wise Use ◽  
Ecological Character ◽  
The World ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Site Network ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Wise Use Of Wetlands

The Ramsar Convention (or the Convention on Wetlands), signed in 1971, was one of the first international conservation agreements, promoting global wise use of wetlands. It has three primary objectives: national designation and management of wetlands of international importance; general wise use of wetlands; and international cooperation. We examined lessons learnt for improving wetland conservation after Ramsar’s nearly five decades of operation. The number of wetlands in the Ramsar Site Network has grown over time (2,391 Ramsar Sites, 2.5 million km2, as at 2020-06-09) but unevenly around the world, with decreasing rate of growth in recent decades. Ramsar Sites are concentrated in countries with a high Gross Domestic Product and human pressure (e.g., western Europe) but, in contrast, Ramsar Sites with the largest wetland extent are in central-west Africa and South America. We identified three key challenges for improving effectiveness of the Ramsar Site Network: increasing number of sites and wetland area, improved representation (functional, geographical and biological); and effective management and reporting. Increasing the number of sites and area in the Ramsar network could benefit from targets, implemented at national scales. Knowledge of representativeness is inadequate, requiring analyses of functional ecotypes, geographical and biological representativeness. Finally, most countries have inadequate management planning and reporting on the ecological character of their Ramsar Sites, requiring more focused attention on a vision and objectives, with regular reporting of key indicators to guide management. There are increasing opportunities to rigorously track ecological character, utilizing new tools and available indicators (e.g., remote sensing). It is critical that the world protect its wetlands, with an effective Ramsar Convention or the Convention on Wetlands at the core.

scholarly journals The Economic Dimension in Great Countries Strategies towards Asia-Pacific Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ismial ◽  
Omar Hamid Shukur
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
The World ◽  
Short And Long Term

<p>America’s and Great Countries economic policy makers have some of the hardest and most important jobs in the world. The economy has become a top priority for countries both capitalism communism and socialism. States are planning short and long-term economic strategy seeking to obtain economic benefits by searching for opportunities and places to bring them to grow and prosper.</p>

scholarly journals The role of technical measures in European fisheries management and how to make them work better

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Suuronen ◽  
Francesc Sardà
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Technical Measures

Abstract Suuronen, P., and Sardà, F. 2007. The role of technical measures in European fisheries management and how to make them work better. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 751–756. Technical measures such as gear restrictions are commonly used in European fisheries management. Many of the measures are aimed primarily at protecting juveniles. Although they are assumed to provide both biological and economic benefits, proper evaluation of their effects relative to what is intended is often not possible because of a lack of adequate follow-up studies. Moreover, technical measures usually are used in conjunction with other management measures, which greatly complicate the analysis. We describe the principal factors affecting their effectiveness to find the approaches that may help to improve performance. Many regulations are enforced inconsistently, and their implementation is often less restrictive than originally intended. Moreover, trying to solve one problem frequently creates new ones. The successful use of technical measures appears to depend largely on their acceptance by industry. Measures that increase costs or reduce earnings are unattractive, so if short-term effects are not accounted for, the potential long-term gains may never materialize. Successful management actions have addressed these problems. Although technical measures may conserve resource, particularly to supplement a broader management policy, new regulations should be planned with great care, and any measures should be tested properly before implementation.

The Microorganism Mechanism: Test Evaluating of Microbial De-Oiling Efficiency

2014 ◽  
Vol 1014 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Tian Yang Li ◽  
Sheng Hua Li ◽  
Hong Qing Dong ◽  
Yong Bin Li ◽  
Ai Qin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
And Function ◽  
Enhance Oil Recovery ◽  
Oilfield Development ◽  
Different Sources

Microorganisms to improve oil recovery technology is a comprehensive technology of using beneficial activities and metabolites to enhance oil recovery. The obvious effect of field application and good economic benefits make it be active in the field of oilfield development in the long term. In this paper, through indoor experiments in different concentrations of microorganisms bacteria, different concentrations of nutrient solution and function time, evaluate oil sands de-oiling efficiency. Based on test results, optimize the compound of bacteria that from different sources and find out when the ratio of field and lab bacteria is 1:7, the de-oiling efficiency reach the peak of 86.47%, which further expand the mechanism of microorganisms enhanced oil recovery.

Thoughts on the Long-Term Strategy, Science and Democracy

2006 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Abalkin
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Development ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
World Development ◽  
Crucial Condition

The article covers unified issues of the long-term strategy development, the role of science as well as democracy development in present-day Russia. The problems of budget proficit, the Stabilization Fund issues, implementation of the adopted national projects, an increasing role of regions in strengthening the integrity and prosperity of the country are analyzed. The author reveals that the protection of businessmen and citizens from the all-embracing power of bureaucrats is the crucial condition of democratization of the society. Global trends of the world development and expert functions of the Russian science are presented as well.

Coal's Persistence in the Capitalist World-Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. Gellert ◽  
Paul S. Ciccantell
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Ecological Modernization ◽  
World Systems ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Capitalist World Economy ◽  
Capitalist World

Predominant analyses of energy offer insufficient theoretical and political-economic insight into the persistence of coal and other fossil fuels. The dominant narrative of coal powering the Industrial Revolution, and Great Britain's world dominance in the nineteenth century giving way to a U.S.- and oil-dominated twentieth century, is marred by teleological assumptions. The key assumption that a complete energy “transition” will occur leads some to conceive of a renewable-energy-dominated twenty-first century led by China. After critiquing the teleological assumptions of modernization, ecological modernization, energetics, and even world-systems analysis of energy “transition,” this paper offers a world-systems perspective on the “raw” materialism of coal. Examining the material characteristics of coal and the unequal structure of the world-economy, the paper uses long-term data from governmental and private sources to reveal the lack of transition as new sources of energy are added. The increases in coal consumption in China and India as they have ascended in the capitalist world-economy have more than offset the leveling-off and decline in some core nations. A true global peak and decline (let alone full substitution) in energy generally and coal specifically has never happened. The future need not repeat the past, but technical, policy, and movement approaches will not get far without addressing the structural imperatives of capitalist growth and the uneven power structures and processes of long-term change of the world-system.

Covid-19 and Mining industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.B. Kondratiev
Keyword(s):  
Mining Industry ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
Commodity Demand ◽  
Long Term Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the commodity markets and mining industry around the world in different ways. Mining company’s operations have been hit by coronavirus outbreaks and government-mandated production stops. Demand for many commodities remains low. This paper examines the potential long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on future commodity demand, mining prospects, as well as tactical and strategic steps by mining companies to overcome the current crisis quickly and effectively.

Unmaking and Remaking the World in Long-Term Solitary Confinement

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Lisa Guenther
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Solitary Confinement ◽  
Hunger Strike ◽  
State Prison ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Collective Resistance ◽  
Civil Death

In The Body in Pain, Elaine Scarry analyzes the structure of torture as an unmaking of the world in which the tools that ought to support a person’s embodied capacities are used as weapons to break them down. The Security Housing Unit (SHU) of California’s Pelican Bay State Prison functions as a weaponized architecture of torture in precisely this sense; but in recent years, prisoners in the Pelican Bay Short Corridor have re-purposed this weaponized architecture as a tool for remaking the world through collective resistance. This resistance took the form of a hunger strike in which prisoners exposed themselves to the possibility of biological death in order to contest the social and civil death of solitary confinement. By collectively refusing food, and by articulating the meaning and motivation of this refusal in articles, interviews, artwork, and legal documents, prisoners reclaimed and expanded their perceptual, cognitive, and expressive capacities for world-making, even in a space of systematic torture.

Engineering for good: A case of community driven engineering innovation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinweike Eseonu ◽  
Martin A Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Students ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
First Year ◽  
Engineering Curriculum ◽  
Engineering Design Process ◽  
The World ◽  
The University ◽  
Social Consideration

There is a culture of disengagement from social consideration in engineering disciplines. This means that first year engineering students, who arrive planning to change the world through engineering, lose this passion as they progress through the engineering curriculum. The community driven technology innovation and investment program described in this paper is an attempt to reverse this trend by fusing community engagement with the normal engineering design process. This approach differs from existing project or trip based approaches – outreach – because the focus is on local communities with which the university team forms a long-term partnership through weekly in-person meetings and community driven problem statements – engagement.

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