Al-rich industrial residues for mineral binders in ESEE region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Šter ◽  
Sabina Kramar
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Gamma Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Industrial Residues ◽  
Essential Components

<p>Al-rich mineral resources are one of the essential components for the production of the novel sustainable mineral binders. Belite-sulfoaluminate (BCSA) cements, which are considered as low-carbon and low-energy, allows the substitution of natural raw materials with secondary ones. In East-Southeast European countries (ESEE) there are huge amounts of various industrial and mine residues that are either landfilled or currently have a low recycling rate. These residues are generated from mining activities (mine waste) and as a by product of different types of industry, such as thermal power plants, steel plants or the aluminium industry (slags, ashes, red mud, etc.). Within the framework of the RIS-ALiCE project, in cooperation with 15 project partners from Slovenia, Austria, France, Hungary, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia, a network of relevant stakeholders has been established in the field of currently unused aluminium-containing mine and industrial residues. Inside the created network mine and industrial residues have been mapped and valorised in order to evaluate their suitability for the use in innovative and sustainable low CO<sub>2</sub>-mineral binder production. Aluminium-containing residues are characterized with respect to their chemical, physical and radiological composition using different analytical methods such as X ray fluorescence spectroscopy, ICP optical emission spectrophotometry, gravimetry, X ray powder diffraction, gamma spectroscopy, etc. The long-term activity of network between wastes holders/producers and mineral end users will be enabled via developed Al-rich residues registry, including a study of the potential technological, economic and environmental impacts of applying the innovative methodology of the sustainable secondary raw materials management in ESEE region. Developed registry with the data valuable for both, waste providers as waste users in ESEE region, can be later-on upscaled also to other regions of Europe. It will provide the data on the available and appropriate Al-rich secondary resources, which will enablethe production of innovative low-CO<sub>2 </sub>cements.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> secondary raw material, alternative binders, Al-rich residues, networking, mapping, valorisation, registry.</p>

scholarly journals Integrated use of technogenic raw materials in cement technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
L.P. Chernyak ◽  
L.I. Melnyk ◽  
N.O. Dorogan ◽  
I.A. Goloukh
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

This work used a combination of modern physico-chemical research methods with standardized testing of technological and operational properties of raw materials, clinker, cement and compositions with its application. Results over of research of the silicate systems with rice husk and ash-fly as technogenic raw material for making of cement clinker are driven. The features of the chemical-mineralogical composition, phase transformations during burning and astringent properties of material at the use of 42,5-50,5 % industry wastes in composition initial raw material mixtures are shown. The object of the study were raw material mixtures for the production of Portland cement clinker based on the systems of chalk - clay - man-made raw materials and chalk - man-made raw materials. The possibility of replacing exhaustible and non-renewable natural raw materials with a complex of multi-tonnage wastes of agro-industry and heat energy, which meets the objectives of expanding the raw material base of cement production, resource conservation and environmental protection. Peculiarities of phase formation during firing of silicate systems of chalk-polymineral clay and chalk-technogenic raw materials taking into account changes in the quantitative ratio of components, in particular rice husk and ash-removal of thermal power plants are noted.

scholarly journals Geopolymers based on plasma incineration waste as a material for circular economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 942 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
K Plawecka ◽  
B Figiela ◽  
A Grela ◽  
K E Buczkowska
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Incineration Plant

Abstract Plasma waste treatment technology is one of the promising methods of reducing problematic waste, but the technology itself create other kind of waste that must be effectively used to recognize this technology as a suitable for circular economy. The aim of the article is to show the possibility of using waste materials from a plasma incineration plant as a raw material for the production of geopolymeric materials. The samples were made based on waste from plasma incineration plant in Liberec (Czech Republic), fly ash from thermal power plants in Skawina (Poland) and sand mixed with an aqueous chemical solution. Next they mechanical properties, microstructure and mineralogical composition have been investigated. The results show the combination of these raw materials can increase the strength of the material and, consequently find applications in the utilization of plasma incineration waste. The article show the geopolymerization could be effective process for using waste materials from a plasma incineration plant as a raw material for creating the products for construction industry.

scholarly journals Application prospects of Irkutsk region thermal coals

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1271-1284
Author(s):  
L. N. Takaishvili ◽  
G. V. Agafonov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Coal Chemistry

The purpose of the paper is to assess application directions and prospects of Irkutsk region power generating coals for the needs of electric and heat power engineering with regard to the possible export of elect rical energy to the countries of South-East Asia, and use as raw materials for coal chemistry needs. The research is carried out using the methods of system analysis involving analysis and synthesis, formalization and concretization, structuring and restructuring, classification. It is the first time when the category of local power generating coals is distinguished under the analysis of the balance reserves of thermal coals. Their feature is low-quality and remoteness from settlements and transportation lanes. Their resource estimate is also given – 0.54 billion tons. An estimate of the recoverable reserves of local coals is obtained: it is 260 million tons. The potential level of local coal production is calculated. A retrospect of consumption trends of regional thermal coals is given and possible application directions are considered in the long run. It is shown that the most demanded direction is the use of coals for energy needs, mainly at thermal power plants. The calculated volumes of coal consumption of two export TPPs, Mugunskaya and Ishideiskaya, are respectively 11 and 6 million tons. According to the authors' calculations, the percentage of electrical energy generation at coal -fired TPPs depending on its export variant implementation can increase by 1.5 – 2.1 times as compared with the level of 2019. Availability of significant reserves of power generating coals in the region makes them a reliable source of energy resources for the electric and thermal power industry, including the export of electrical energy and a promising raw material for the needs of coal chemistry. Potential capacity of coal mining is estimated at 50-60 million tons per year, including 6.5 million tons of local coals. Production potential of coal significantly exceeds its demand both at present and in the future.

Valorisation of mine and quarry waste in production of sustainable cements 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Dolenec ◽  
Katarina Šter ◽  
Klemen Teran ◽  
Andrej Ipavec ◽  
Maruša Borštnar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Gamma Spectroscopy ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Secondary Mineral ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
X Ray

<p>Various industrial residues that are either landfilled or currently have a low recycling rate could represent important secondary mineral resource potential for the construction sector. An ever-increasing construction sector causes increased demand for cement-based materials and consequently implies in increase of CO<sub>2</sub> emission. Belite-sulfoaluminate cements are potentially an alternative cementitious binder to ordinary Portland cements, due to the lower embodied energy and reduced CO<sub>2</sub> emissions compared to OPC clinkers. Its production also allows the substitution of natural raw materials with secondary ones. In the frame of RIS-ALiCE project, funded by the EIT RawMaterials, various industrial and mine residues in Eastern-Southeastern Europe are being mapped. In addition, as a matchmaking tool between the waste holders/producers and potential end-users the registry of secondary mineral raw materials has been developed. In this study, mine and quarry residues have been valorised in order to evaluate their suitability for production of innovative and sustainable low CO<sub>2</sub>-mineral binders. Residues from three mine sites (mine spoils from two Pb-Zn mines from Slovenia and Serbia and brown coal open pit mine from Slovenia) and two quarry sites (limestone quarries from Slovenia) were considered. Samples were characterized with respect to their chemical, mineralogical, physical and radiological properties. Furhermore, to assess the usability of particular residue in cement production, cement clinkers with belite, calcium sulfoaluminate and ferrite as main phases were synthesised, incorporating certain amounts of mine and quarry waste replacing primary raw materials. Main and trace elements as well as REE of residues were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and ICP optical emission spectrophotometry. Mineralogical composition of residues as well as sythesised clinkers was determined by X-ray powder difraction and Rietveled method. Content of radionuclides (<sup>40</sup>K, <sup>226</sup>Ra, and <sup>232</sup>Th) was determined by gamma spectroscopy. Depending on the chemical composition of the residues, lower or higher amounts were allowed to be incorporated in the raw mixture for clinker production with targeted phase composition. Potential barriers in the cement production and environmental impact are also discussed. Developed registry with the data valuable for both, waste providers as waste users in Eastern-Southeastern Europe region, can be later-on upscaled also to other regions of Europe. It will provide the data on the available and appropriate secondary resources for cement production which will contrbute to the implementation of sustainable management of raw materials and circular economy.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> mine waste, quarry waste, cement, valorisation.</p>

scholarly journals Preparation of Synthetic Zeolites from Coal Fly Ash by Hydrothermal Synthesis

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1267
Author(s):  
David Längauer ◽  
Vladimír Čablík ◽  
Slavomír Hredzák ◽  
Anton Zubrik ◽  
Marek Matik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Coal Combustion Products ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Silica Alumina

Large amounts of coal combustion products (as solid products of thermal power plants) with different chemical and physical properties cause serious environmental problems. Even though coal fly ash is a coal combustion product, it has a wide range of applications (e.g., in construction, metallurgy, chemical production, reclamation etc.). One of its potential uses is in zeolitization to obtain a higher added value of the product. The aim of this paper is to produce a material with sufficient textural properties used, for example, for environmental purposes (an adsorbent) and/or storage material. In practice, the coal fly ash (No. 1 and No. 2) from Czech power plants was firstly characterized in detail (X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), particle size measurement, and textural analysis), and then it was hydrothermally treated to synthetize zeolites. Different concentrations of NaOH, LiCl, Al2O3, and aqueous glass; different temperature effects (90–120 °C); and different process lengths (6–48 h) were studied. Furthermore, most of the experiments were supplemented with a crystallization phase that was run for 16 h at 50 °C. After qualitative product analysis (SEM-EDX, XRD, and textural analytics), quantitative XRD evaluation with an internal standard was used for zeolitization process evaluation. Sodalite (SOD), phillipsite (PHI), chabazite (CHA), faujasite-Na (FAU-Na), and faujasite-Ca (FAU-Ca) were obtained as the zeolite phases. The content of these zeolite phases ranged from 2.09 to 43.79%. The best conditions for the zeolite phase formation were as follows: 4 M NaOH, 4 mL 10% LiCl, liquid/solid ratio of 30:1, silica/alumina ratio change from 2:1 to 1:1, temperature of 120 °C, process time of 24 h, and a crystallization phase for 16 h at 50 °C.

Supplier Selection Criterion for SSCM in Indian Thermal Power Plant

2019 ◽  
pp. 240-257
Author(s):  
Suchismita Satapathy
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Main Motive

All companies are dependent on their raw material providers. The same applies in the case of thermal power plants. The major raw material for a thermal power plant is the coal. There are a lot of companies which in turn provide this coal to the thermal power plant. Some of these companies are international; some are local, whereas the others are localized. The thermal power plants look into all the aspects of the coal providing company, before settling down for a deal. Some people are specifically assigned to the task of managing the supply chain. The main motive is to optimize the whole process and achieve higher efficiency. There are a lot of things which a thermal power plant looks into before finalizing a deal, such as the price, quality of goods, etc. Thus, it is very important for the raw material providers to understand each and every aspect of the demands of the thermal power plant. A combination of three methods—Delphi, SWARA, and modified SWARA—has been applied to a list of factors, which has later been ranked according to the weight and other relevant calculations.

scholarly journals Synthesis of coloured ceramic pigments by using chromite and manganese ores mixtures

Cerâmica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (338) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H Aly ◽  
I. S Ismael ◽  
F Bondioli
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Spinel Structure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Spinel Solid Solution ◽  
Ceramic Pigments ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Manganese Ores ◽  
Colour Measurements

The aim of this work is not only the synthesis of black ceramic pigment with spinel structure using local and inexpensive minerals (chromite and manganese ores) but also throw some light on the relations between the structure and the colour of obtained pigment. Ultimate utilization spinel solid solution in ceramic materials is mostly due to their structure characteristics, their thermal and chemical stability. In this study colour pigments were ned by calcinations at 1250 ºC starting from a mixture of chromite and manganese oxide. Different compositions were tested containing 30, 40 and 50 wt.% of manganese oxide (low and high content respectively). The phase composition and microstructure characterization of both raw material and obtained pigments were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, polarizing microscope and scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, the colour measurements of the obtained pigments and tiles were evaluated. Composition of all pigments reveal the spinel structure with Cr2FeO4; hematite was also recorded in the mixture of low manganese. The degree of lightness is relatively same in the pigments mixtures of both manganese types. However, tiles could be considered lightness compared with its pigments, especially of the high manganese type. The solid state calcinations reactions are indeed able to form intense brown pigments that can be used as a stain for industrial ceramic applications. The production of less expensive black ceramic pigments from low cost and less pure raw materials that can be utilized in Egypt to substitute for the imported pure oxides or salts is proved superior performance for producing painted pigments.

Low-Cost Synthesis and Morphology Control of Magnesium Oxysulfate Hydrate Whiskers

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 986-991
Author(s):  
Chuan Hui Gao ◽  
Li Ding ◽  
Yu Min Wu ◽  
Chuan Xing Wang ◽  
Jun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Magnesium Oxysulfate

A low-cost raw material, bittern obtained from the production process of sea salt, was used to prepare magnesium oxysulfate hydrate (MgSO4·5Mg (OH)2·2H2O, abbreviated as 152MOS) whiskers via hydrothermal synthesis with ammonia and magnesium sulfate as the other starting raw materials. The bittern was firstly filtered and then used directly without de-coloring. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to investigate the composition and morphology of the products. It was found that the 152MOS whiskers synthesized from bittern at 190°C for 3 hours exhibited fanlike morphology. The formation of the fanlike whiskers was inhibited and most of the whiskers presented as single fibers when ethanol was used as crystal control agent in the hydrothermal process. From the two-dimensional steps observed at tips of the whiskers, a possible growth mechanism was speculated that it was the extension of dislocations that made the growth of the whiskers.

Composition, technology and provenance of Roman pottery fromNapoca(Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

Clay Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ágnes Gál ◽  
Corina Ionescu ◽  
Mátyás Bajusz ◽  
Vlad A. Codrea ◽  
Volker Hoeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Body ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Technological Constraints

ABSTRACTSecond-century CE (common era) household pottery sherds found in the city ofNapoca(present day Cluj-Napoca, Romania) in Roman Dacia were investigated by polarized light optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and cold field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to obtain information on technology, raw materials and site of production. Compositionally, all samples are similar with comparable fine and semi-fine microstructures and oriented microtextures. Optically, there is a gradual transition from microcrystalline to an amorphous illitic-muscovitic matrix. The small aplastic inclusions are mostly quartz and feldspar. Fine-grained carbonate aggregates are distributed inhomogeneously in the ceramic body. Well-preserved Middle Miocene foraminifera tests are characteristic of the ceramics. The gradual thermal changes of the matrix and the newly formed phases upon firing, such as ‘ceramic melilite’, Fe-gehlenite, clinopyroxene, glass, hematite and some maghemite support inferences regarding the technological constraints in producing the pottery. The firing took place in a mostly oxidizing atmosphere and the temperature extended from at least 850°C to >900°C. The Middle Miocene marly clay from the area surrounding the site shows similar mineralogical and micropalaeontological contents to those of the ceramic specimens and is the best candidate for the raw material used for local production of the Roman pottery.

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