Progresses in the CMEMS BS-MFC for improving forecasting capabilities and monitoring the Black Sea region through high quality modelling systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Angela Ciliberti ◽  
Atanas Palazov ◽  
Marilaure Gregoire ◽  
Joanna Staneva ◽  
Elisaveta Peneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Danube River ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Oxygen Penetration ◽  
Current State ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting ◽  
Data Ingestion ◽  
Ocean Monitoring

<p>The BS-MFC (Black Sea Monitoring and Forecasting Centre) delivers near real time and multi-year products for the Black Sea region with the scope to describe its physical, biogeochemical and wave conditions in the frame of CMEMS. This is done through 3 Production Units – Physics, Biogeochemistry and Waves – that implement state-of-the-art and accurate modelling approaches for forecasting and monitoring purposes. In 2019, the BS-MFC offer has been updated to include i) updated versions of the BS-PHY and BS-WAV NRT products and new BS-BIO product, ii) update of the MY products timeseries up to Dec 2018 and iii) inclusion of Ocean Monitoring Indicators (OMI).</p><p>Considering NRT systems, the systems are performing assimilation of in-situ and satellite products provided by CMEMS TACs with PHY and BIO products centered to 12:00Z and WAV product instantaneous fields covering 10-days forecast. BS-BIO offers new product since Jul 2019, including CHL, PHYC, O2, NO3, PO4, Primary Production and carbonate system components (pH, DIC, Alkalinity, air-sea flux of CO2). To support ocean monitoring purposes, describing the current state of the Black Sea physical dynamics, environmental and extreme events, the BS-MFC implements a set of OMI: a) vertically integrated oxygen content, b) oxygen penetration density and depth, c) sea surface temperature and salinity anomalies, d) significant wave height extremes.</p><p>To improve forecasting capabilities and prepare the next generation of BS products, the BS-MFC is working on several scientific topics, the most challenged are the increased resolution in vertical of the physical system, the problem of the Bosporus Strait as boundary condition, improved data assimilation capabilities, coupling strategies among PHY, BIO and WAV and improvement of upstream data ingestion in NRT and MY systems, including the usage of hourly forcing in WAV production system and forecast data of the Danube River discharge and nutrients in the PHY and BIO systems. Furthermore, the BS-MFC is working on enforce operational capacities and define pre-operational evaluation to estimate accuracy of operational and new products.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Main Physical Features and Circulation Patterns in the Black Sea Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina GIRLEANU ◽  
Eugen RUSU
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Climate Change Projections ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Physical Features

Having as target the semi-enclosed basin of the Black Sea, the main purpose of the present paper is to provide an overview of its general physical features and circulation patterns. In order to achieve this goal, more than five decades of data analysis – from  1960 to 2015 – were taken into consideration and the results were checked against known data, both from satellite data over the last two decades and in-situ measurements from earlier decades. The circulation of the Black Sea basin has been studied for almost 400 years, since the Italian Count Luigi Marsigli first described the ‘two layer’ circulation through the Bosphorus Strait in the year 1681. Since climate change projections for the Black Sea region foresee significant impact on the environment in the coming decades, a set of adaptation and mitigation measures is required, therefore more research is needed. Nowadays, the warming trend adds a sense of immediate urgency because according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Centre for Environmental Information, July 2020 was the second-hottest month ever recorded for the planet. Its averaged land and ocean surface temperature tied with July 2016 as the second-highest for the month in the 141-year NOAA’s global temperature dataset record, which dates back to 1880. It was 0.92°C above the 20th-century average of 15.8°C, with only 0.01°C less than the record extreme value measured in July of 2019.

scholarly journals The current state of fishing and extracting the living aquatic resources in the Black Sea region of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
M. I. Burgaz ◽  
T. I. Matviienko ◽  
O. M. Soborova ◽  
K. I. Bezyk ◽  
O. Y. Kudelina
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
The State ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Aquatic Resources ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Current State ◽  
Inland Water Bodies

The development of open spaces and resources of the Black Sea is one of the main directions of the Black Sea region (the Odessa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions). The essence of the region policy allows to cooperate with the most countries of the world community and brings an income both to the budget of the regions and to the state budget. Industrial fisheries is an extractive branch of the fishing industry that uses the natural resources of the oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, reservoirs: various species of fish, marine mammals, shellfish, crustaceans and aquatic vegetation. Fisheries can be considered as one type of nature using which consists in the extraction of fish and other sea products (fish, invertebrates, algae, etc.). The purpose of the work was to find out a current state of fishing and extracting the living aquatic resources in the Black Sea region, namely in the Odessa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions. An assessment of a current state of extracting the aquatic bioresources in general and in the inland water bodies in the Black Sea region, namely in the Odessa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions for the period from 2010 to 2018, was carried out on the basis of specialized literature. The state of extracting the aquatic bioresources in general and in the inland water bodies from 2010 to 2018; the amount of caught fish in this region; the state of fisheries of the studied region were investigated. Fish farming is a branch of the national economy that is engaged in farming, increasing and improving a quality of the fish stocks in the water bodies and filling the fish resources. In order to maintain and increase the stocks of valuable industrial fish in our country the extensive measures for artificial fish farming, improving the conditions of natural reproduction of fish, as well as the development of lake and pond fisheries for the commercial fish production are being taken. Much work is being done to acclimatize valuable industrial fish species and other fishing objects, aimed at expanding a fish species composition and increasing the fish stocks. It was found that according to the statistics of the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, the analysis of the exraction of fish and aquatic biological resources in the Black Sea region (Odesa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions) showed that an increase in the volume of fish catching and extracting the living aquatic resources occurred only due to inland waters.

scholarly journals The Black Sea Physics Analysis and Forecasting System within the Framework of the Copernicus Marine Service

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Stefania A. Ciliberti ◽  
Eric Jansen ◽  
Giovanni Coppini ◽  
Elisaveta Peneva ◽  
Diana Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Mixed Layer Depth ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Operational Quality ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Monitoring Service ◽  
Basic Standards

This work describes the design, implementation and validation of the Black Sea physics analysis and forecasting system, developed by the Black Sea Physics production unit within the Black Sea Monitoring and Forecasting Center as part of the Copernicus Marine Environment and Monitoring Service. The system provides analyses and forecasts of the temperature, salinity, sea surface height, mixed layer depth and currents for the whole Black Sea basin, excluding the Azov Sea, and has been operational since 2016. The system is composed of the NEMO (v 3.4) numerical model and an OceanVar scheme, which brings together real time observations (in-situ temperature and salinity profiles, sea level anomaly and sea surface temperature satellite data). An operational quality assessment framework is used to evaluate the accuracy of the products which set the basic standards for the future upgrades, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the model and the observing system in the Black Sea.

scholarly journals Economic Integration in the Black Sea Region: Tendencies in the Conditions of the Geoeconomic Balance Transformation

2019 ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
Nikolay Gontar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Interstate Conflicts ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The Black Sea region is an area of the intersection of both regional and global players’ interests. This region concentrates at the same time a number of frozen interstate conflicts. The concept of the research assumes the possibility of smoothing geopolitical tension by means of strengthening economic relations of the countries. The Black Sea region during the Post-Soviet period was characterized by the absence of an obvious leader in the region, manifestation of interstate contradictions and also orientation of the countries to the global geopolitical poles standing in opposition to each other. All the factors mentioned above have been significantly reducing the interaction potential during the last 25 years. The aim of the research was to study the current state, factors and problems of the economic integration in the Black Sea region. The research was based on the analysis of scientific approaches to studying interactions in the region and on the quantitative analysis of the current level of trade and economy, as well as infrastructural and communicative interrelation of economies. The article shows the importance of infrastructural and trade interrelation of economies as a factor of smoothening geopolitical interaction. The author makes the conclusion about significant influence of the geopolitical factor in the long-term cooperation in the Black Sea region. The paper defines the instruments of strengthening the connectivity of macro region countries in the economic sphere. The economic cooperation in the Black Sea region is presented as a long-term and stable platform for both economic growth and smoothening modern conflicts in the region.

scholarly journals ON SOME PROBLEMS CONNECTED WITH SOURCES ON THE BEGINNINGS OF THE SCYTHIAN HISTORY

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-417
Author(s):  
A. P. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Cultural Identification ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Current State ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Greek Tradition ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Almost All

The subject of this article is the problem of correlation and verification of ancient literary sources and archaeological evidence with a view to reconstruct the history and culture of the early Scythians. The author analyzes the current state of affairs in cultural identification of the Cimmerians and the Scythians in Russian archaeological and historical science and shows drawbacks of the hypercritical approach to ancient literary sources on the basis of the early Greek tradition on the Cimmerians and the Scythians in the Northern Black Sea region. If we use the methods that have been recently used to analyze the Greek tradition on the Cimmerians, we will have to make a disappointing conclusion that not only the Cimmerians but also the Scythians in the Northern Black Sea region are virtually not mentioned for a period before the middle of the 5th century BC. The archaeological evidence can largely make up for the shortage of narrative sources on the Scythians. The author makes a conclusion that the «old» hypothesis about the arrival of the Scythians in the Black Sea region (based on the third Herodotus’ story) and replacement of the late pre-Scythian culture by the early Scythian one combines almost all known literary and archaeological evidence into a more consistent theory than the «new» approach offered in the 1990s and stating that the Cimmerians were bearers of the Early Scythian culture known only to the west of the Euphrates.

Obsidian Exchange Networks in Prehistoric Anatolia: New Data from the Black Sea Region

Paléorient ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Bleda S. Düring ◽  
Bernard Gratuze
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
Black Sea Region

The referendum as an institution in the Black Sea Region: Does it signal the rise or collapse of democracy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-185
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Podolak
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Democratic Systems ◽  
Important State ◽  
Constitutional Changes

Views on the institution of direct democracy have changed during the period of democratic transition. The various advantages and positive effects of direct democracy have been confirmed by the practice of some democratic countries. Its educational and political activation value for society was also noted, without which civil society cannot form. The referendum is especially treated as the purest form of correlation between the views of society and the decisions of its representatives. In a situation where two representative bodies are present – the parliament and the president – a referendum is considered a means of resolving disputes between them in important state affairs. The referendum is nowadays becoming more than just a binding or consultative opinion on a legislative act, especially a constitution. First and foremost, it is important to see the extension of the type and scope of issues that are subject to direct voting. Apart from the traditional, i.e., constitutional changes, polarising issues that raise considerable emotion have become the subject of referenda. Problems of this type include, in particular, moral issues, membership in international organisations, and so-called ‘New Policy’. This article presents the role and importance of the referendum as an institution shaping the democratic systems of the Black Sea Region.

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