Behavior of dissolved alkali and alkali-earth elements in a coastal aquifer of Mexico affected by saltwater intrusion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abrahan Mora ◽  
Jürgen Mahlknecht ◽  
William Sanford
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Saltwater Intrusion ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Alkali Earth ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Northwestern Mexico ◽  
Cationic Exchange ◽  
Sedimentary Aquifer ◽  
Alkali Elements

<p>This comprehensive study shows the behavior of major and trace alkali and alkali-earth elements in a coastal sedimentary aquifer of Mexico moderately impacted by saltwater intrusion and anthropogenic activities. For this purpose, the concentrations of major cations (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup>), major anions (Cl<sup>-</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>, HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) and several alkali and alkali-earth trace elements (Li, Rb, Ba and Sr) were analyzed in all the active groundwater wells of the Todos Santos aquifer, Baja California Sur, northwestern Mexico. The results indicates that the percentage of seawater intruded into the aquifer ranges from 0.2% to 2.7%, with an average of 0.9%. In the recharge areas, groundwater is Ca<sup>2+</sup>–HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> type. However, groundwater evolves from Ca<sup>2+</sup>–HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> type to Na<sup>+</sup>–Cl<sup>-</sup> type when salinity is increased in the direction of the flow path, suggesting that the intrusion of saltwater is affecting the groundwater chemistry in wells close to the coastline. The excess of Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> over the corresponding anions SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> shows that both alkali-earth elements are being replaced by Na<sup>+</sup> in the aquifer matrix. Overall, the excess of all alkali-earth elements over the freshwater-seawater mixing line suggests that this process is extensive to all alkali-earth elements. Overall, the alkali-earth elements Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ba<sup>2+</sup> and Sr<sup>2+</sup> are mobilized from the aquifer matrix during seawater intrusion, whereas the alkali elements Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup> and Rb<sup>+</sup> are removed from solution. This phenomenon can be driven by a cationic exchange process, where alkali-earth element are exchanged by alkali elements in the aquifer matrix. Unlike the other alkali elements, Li is mobilized during saline intrusion, probably also by cationic exchange. The high diffuse NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> concentrations in wells close to the Todos Santos downtown indicates that nitrates could be provided by anthropogenic activities, specifically by sewage infiltration. This work can be useful as reference for knowing the effect of salinization in the concentration of alkali and alkali-earth trace elements in groundwater of coastal aquifers under sea level rise scenarios driven by climate change.</p>

Dynamics of major and trace elements during seawater intrusion in a coastal sedimentary aquifer impacted by anthropogenic activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 103653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abrahan Mora ◽  
Jürgen Mahlknecht ◽  
Rogelio Ledesma-Ruiz ◽  
William E. Sanford ◽  
Luis E. Lesser
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Sedimentary Aquifer

scholarly journals Speciation, risks and isotope-based source apportionment of trace elements in soils of the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
Leiming Li ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Jian Lu ◽  
Juan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Ecological Sustainability ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Priority Pollutant ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Trace elements in soils might cause contamination and ecological risks to the environment with increasing anthropogenic disturbance. This study investigated the distribution, speciation, risks and possible sources of 28 target trace elements in soils of the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The average concentrations of trace elements in soils of the study area ranged from 0.25 (Hg) to 697.38 mg kg−1 (Cr). The residual fraction was the dominant host of V, Cr, Cu, Sn, Sb Hg and REEs, while Co, Ni, Zn, Mo, Cd and Pb had large proportions in the non-residual fractions. Risk assessment code analysis showed that Cd should be recognized as a priority pollutant in the study area. Correlation analysis indicated that Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd and Sn might originate from the same or similar source. The 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/206Pb ratios of the soils were in the range of 1.166–1.224 and 2.031–2.122, respectively. The anthropogenic Pb contribution proportion was in the range of 0–53.92% for the study area. The anthropogenic Pb contribution was higher in the areas with more intensive anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals and excessive anthropogenic disturbance should be effectively controlled in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau to maintain the ecological sustainability and human health of this fragile area.

scholarly journals Natural and Anthropogenic Sources of Groundwater Salinization in Parts of Karachi, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Sanober Rafi ◽  
Owais Niaz ◽  
Sadaf Naseem ◽  
Umair Majeed ◽  
Humaira Naz
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Local Geology

This study is aimed to evaluate the groundwater quality of Gulshan-e-Iqbal and Liaquatabad towns inKarachi. Thirty (n=30) groundwater samples were randomly collected from different locations by electrically pumpedwells at various depths (14-91m). All the water samples were analyzed to determine their suitability for drinkingpurpose based on various physicochemical parameters. Data reveal that high concentration of TDS and hardness havedeteriorated the groundwater quality of study area. The main phenomenon responsible for groundwater pollution is theseawater intrusion due to the proximity of study area to the Arabian sea. Large scale unplanned urbanization, poorwaste management and other anthropogenic activities have also triggered the deterioration of groundwater quality.Study showed that local geology plays vital role in the distribution of major cations and anions. Data suggested thatground water of this study area is highly contaminated by seawater intrusion and considered not fit for drinkingpurpose.

scholarly journals NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECTS ON THE SOIL GEOCHEMISTRY OF KAVALA AREA, NORTHERN GREECE

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Papastergios ◽  
A. Filippidis ◽  
J.L Fernandez–Turiel ◽  
D. Gimeno ◽  
C. Sikalidis
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Soil Geochemistry ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Soil Fraction ◽  
Parent Rocks

A total of 65 surface soils and 8 rock samples from the area surrounding the city of Kavala, Northern Greece, was collected and analyzed for their contents in 10 major and 32 trace elements. The extraction of the elements from the < 200μm soil fraction was based on the digestion of 0.1g of each sample with 2ml HNO3. The analytical methods used were ICP-OES and ICP-MS and the elements determined were Al, Ca, Cl, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, S, Si, Ag, As, B, Ba, Cd, Ce, Co, nCr, Cs, Cu, Ga, Ge, Hg, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, W, Y, Zn and Zr. Comparisons between the concentrations of the surface soil samples and the surrounding rock samples indicate that the majority of major, as well as, of trace elements are found in the surface soils of Kavala with such concentrations that are considered as the product of natural processes such as the weathering of parent rocks and pedogenesis. However, there are some nmajor elements (Cl, Na, S) and trace elements (Ag, As, Pb, V, Zn) that are present in the surface soils of the study area with elevated concentrations that cannot be regarded as the sole product of natural processes, but as the result of both, natural and anthropogenic activities, especially for the samples that are situated inside the industrial area of Kavala.

scholarly journals Effect of aquaculture-agriculture sewage on the relation between iron and other trace elements content in Venus clam

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. Manuscript
Author(s):  
Héctor Hugo Vargas-González ◽  
Jose Alfredo Arreola Lizárraga ◽  
Lia Mendez-Rodriguez ◽  
Ramon Gaxiola Robles ◽  
Jaqueline Garcia Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Coastal Lagoon ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Copper Manganese ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Relationship Of

In coastal systems, concentrations of trace metals in filter feeders such as shellfish may be affected by anthropogenic activities, including agriculture and aquaculture. Shellfish are a good source of iron, but can also be a potential source of toxic elements, such as cadmium and lead, when consumed by humans. The objective of this study was to determine the differences in iron, zinc, copper, manganese, nickel, lead, and cadmium levels in tissue of the clam Chione gnidia collected from a coastal lagoon influenced by agriculture (Lobos) or aquaculture (Tobari), using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The relationship of iron with all other trace elements in these organisms was explored using a generalized linear model (GLM).  Iron, copper, manganese, and cadmium concentrations were significantly higher in shellfish collected from the coastal lagoon influenced by agriculture, while nickel was significantly higher in shellfish from the lagoon influenced by aquaculture. In these shellfish, cadmium and lead levels were the factors limiting the weekly intake of clam flesh. The GLM model explained 59% of the iron concentration in the Venus clam, suggesting that this element is directly related to zinc and manganese levels, but inversely related to cadmium content in shellfish.

Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Domestic and Irrigation Suitability from Upper Bhima Basin, Western India: A Hydro-geochemical Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Gaikwad ◽  
Huzefa Shaikh ◽  
Bhavana Umrikar
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Western India ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Basaltic Aquifer

Major ion constituents present in groundwater are studied for shallow unconfined basaltic aquifer in order to understand the quality of groundwater resources and its impacts on inhabitants and irrigation. 30 groundwater samples collected from dug wells located in upper Bhima basin were analyzed to measure major cations and anions for establishing water quality index (WQI) and irrigation indices. The concentration of pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, total dissolved solids and major cations and anions were analyzed. Groundwater types were detected using Piper’s trilinear diagram as Ca2+-HCO3−, Ca2+-Na+-HCO3−, mixed Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl− and Ca2+-Cl− groups. High concentration (8 to 194 mg/L) of nitrate was found at some locations in the region. WQI shows 66% of the samples to be unfit for drinking purposes due to high nitrate content mostly introduced because of the anthropogenic activities. Suitability of groundwater for irrigation purposes was determined using of Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Permeability Index (PI), Kelly Ratio (KR), Magnesium Hazard (MH), Sodium (%) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC). Groundwater in the region is suitable for irrigation.

Sorption of chlormequat on montmorillonite as affected by dissolved copper. Influence of background electrolytes

Clay Minerals ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Maqueda ◽  
E. Morillo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Background Electrolyte ◽  
Inorganic Cations ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Free Treatment ◽  
Cationic Exchange ◽  
Background Electrolytes

AbstractIn this paper, the role of Cu in the adsorption of the cationic pesticide chlormequat (CCC) on montmorillonite is studied. The adsorption of CCC was measured in various media, e.g. water and aqueous solutions of NaCl, CaCl2 and Ca(NO3)2 at the same ionic strength (I= 0.01 mol l–1). The retention of CCC on montmorillonite in aqueous media is due principally to a cationic exchange process with inorganic cations which saturate the interlamellar positions on this mineral. However, the amount of inorganic cations liberated from montmorillonite was ∼15% less than the amount of CCC adsorbed. This indicates that not all the pesticide was adsorbed through cation exchange.The adsorption of CCC in aqueous media decreased in the presence of a heavy metal, compared with metal-free treatment. This behaviour indicates competition between the two cations for interlamellar positions. The adsorption of CCC in the presence of Cu also decreased in electrolyte media with the effect being highest in the presence of Ca electrolytes. The maximum CCC diminution was ∼30%. However, the isotherms derived in CaCl2 and Ca(NO3)2 media at different Cu concentrations were close to each other, indicating that Ca from background electrolyte exerts greater competition than Cu for montmorillonite planar positions.

scholarly journals Source apportionment of size and time resolved trace elements and organic aerosols from an urban courtyard site in Switzerland

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8945-8963 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Richard ◽  
M. F. D. Gianini ◽  
C. Mohr ◽  
M. Furger ◽  
N. Bukowiecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Receptor Modeling ◽  
Element Analysis

Abstract. Time and size resolved data of trace elements were obtained from measurements with a rotating drum impactor (RDI) and subsequent X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Trace elements can act as indicators for the identification of sources of particulate matter <10 μm (PM10) in ambient air. Receptor modeling was performed with positive matrix factorization (PMF) for trace element data from an urban background site in Zürich, Switzerland. Eight different sources were identified for the three examined size ranges (PM1−0.1, PM2.5−1 and PM10−2.5): secondary sulfate, wood combustion, fire works, road traffic, mineral dust, de-icing salt, industrial and local anthropogenic activities. The major component was secondary sulfate for the smallest size range; the road traffic factor was found in all three size ranges. This trace element analysis is complemented with data from an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), assessing the PM1 fraction of organic aerosols. A separate PMF analysis revealed three factors related to three of the sources found with the RDI: oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA, related to inorganic secondary sulfate), hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA, related to road traffic) and biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA), explaining 60 %, 22 % and 17 % of total measured organics, respectively. Since different compounds are used for the source classification, a higher percentage of the ambient PM10 mass concentration can be apportioned to sources by the combination of both methods.

scholarly journals GIS-based assessment of groundwater quality and suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes in the outlet and central parts of Wadi El-Assiuti, Assiut Governorate, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaa A. Megahed
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
World Health ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Abstract Background The limited water resources in arid environments in addition to the effect of agricultural and anthropogenic activities on groundwater quantity and quality necessitate paying more attention to the quality assessment of these resources. The present studies assess the quality of groundwater resources in Wadi El-Assiuti, south Egypt, and evaluate their suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. To achieve this goal, 159 groundwater samples were collected from the outlet and central parts of the Wadi El-Assiuti during the autumn season (October–November) of 2019 and were analyzed for major ions, trace elements and heavy metals. Results The results indicate that the TDS values range between 1972 and 6217 ppm, while the concentration of trace elements (Fe++, Mn++ and Ni+) ranges between 0.05 and 0.46, 0.11 and 0.221 and 0.01 and 0.6 ppm, respectively. These results show that all groundwater samples are clearly unacceptable and inappropriate for human drinking due to their high content of total dissolved solids, trace elements and heavy metals, particularly in the majority of samples according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and the Egyptian standards (Eg. St. 2007) for drinking water quality. Spatial analysis of the TDS values in geographic information system environment indicates that the salinity is higher in the northeast and gradually decreases southward. Sodium adsorption ratio, US Salinity Laboratory classification (1954), residual sodium carbonate, soluble sodium percentage and permeability index show that most groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation purposes. Conclusions The integrated approach provided in this study highlights the spatially distributed suitability of groundwater resources in Wadi El-Assiuti and can be applied in similar basins worldwide.

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