TanDEM-X for Cryosphere Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Hajnsek ◽  
Georg Fischer ◽  
Giuseppe Parrella ◽  
Philipp Bernhard ◽  
Silvan Leinss
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
The Impact

<p>In this presentation the focus is laid on cryospheric applications served by the single-pass interferometer TanDEM-X. The German Radar mission TanDEM-X (TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurement) is already successfully in operation since 2010 and is delivering continuously data over the Earth surfaces.</p><p>The main mission objective was the generation of a global and consistent digital elevation model (DEM) with a spatial resolution of 12m and a relative vertical height accuracy of 2 m. For this at least two global acquisitions where needed and innovative algorithms where developed to process the data into a global high resolution DEM. In addition to the high resolution DEM also a 90-m DEM was generated to facilitate the comparability with the former SRTM DEM. Beyond the generation of DEMs super-test sites have been establish to collect continuously data over a limited area of interest and to demonstrate and develop new algorithms to support application development. In addition TanDEM-X supports the demonstration and application of new SAR techniques, with focus on multi-static SAR, polarimetric SAR interferometry, digital beam forming and super resolution.</p><p>Today it is known through observations, delivered by satellites and conventional observing systems that the Cryosphere reacts very sensitively to climate change. However, the feedbacks to the global climate system are not well understood, impairing predictions of the impact of future climate change. Improved observational data have been provided to better quantify the main cryospheric processes and improve the representation of the Cryosphere in climate models. TanDEM-X data (product but also interferometric data) have been used from an international science team for a diversity of cryosphere applications. The presentation will provide an overview of the operation status of TanDEM-X and will focus on the applied cryopheric applications so far applied. Examples of the detection of permafrost features, the estimation of the firn-line zone, derivation of vertical ice structure, the mass loses of  over ice sheets and sea ice height estimation will be presented.</p>

scholarly journals Predicted Future Benefits for an Endemic Rodent in the Irano-Turanian Region

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Suzanna Meeussen ◽  
Anouschka Hof
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Species Distribution Modelling ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Suitable Area ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is expected to have an impact on the geographical distribution ranges of species. Endemic species and those with a restricted geographic range may be especially vulnerable. The Persian jird (Meriones persicus) is an endemic rodent inhabiting the mountainous areas of the Irano-Turanian region, where future desertification may form a threat to the species. In this study, the species distribution modelling algorithm MaxEnt was used to assess the impact of future climate change on the geographic distribution range of the Persian jird. Predictions were made under two Representative Concentration Pathways and five different climate models for the years 2050 and 2070. It was found that both bioclimatic variables and land use variables were important in determining potential suitability of the region for the species to occur. In most cases, the future predictions showed an expansion of the geographic range of the Persian jird which indicates that the species is not under immediate threat. There are however uncertainties with regards to its current range. Predictions may therefore be an over or underestimation of the total suitable area. Further research is thus needed to confirm the current geographic range of the Persian jird to be able to improve assessments of the impact of future climate change.

scholarly journals Assessing climate change impact on the hydropower potential of the Bamboi catchment (Black Volta, West Africa)

2021 ◽  
Vol 384 ◽  
pp. 349-354
Author(s):  
Yacouba Yira ◽  
Tariro Cynthia Mutsindikwa ◽  
Aymar Yaovi Bossa ◽  
Jean Hounkpè ◽  
Seyni Salack
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Climate Change Impact ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Hydropower Generation ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This study evaluates the impact of future climate change (CC) on the hydropower generation potential of the Bamboi catchment (Black Volta) in West Africa using a conceptual rainfall-runoff model (HBV light) and regional climate models (RCMs)–global climate models (GCMs). Two climate simulation datasets MPI-ESM-REMO (CORDEX) and GFDL-ESM2M-WRF (WASCAL) under RCP4.5 were applied to the validated hydrological model to simulate the catchment runoff. Based on reference and future simulated discharges, a theoretical 1.3 MW run of river hydro power plant was designed to evaluate the hydropower generation. Hydrological and hydropower generation changes were expressed as the relative difference between two future periods (2020–2049 and 2070–2099) and a reference period (1983–2005). The climate models' ensemble projected a mean annual precipitation increase by 8.8 % and 7.3 % and discharge increase by 11.4 % and 9.735 % for the 2020–2049 and 2070–2099 periods respectively (for bias corrected data). On the contrary an overall decrease of hydropower generation by −9.1 % and −8.4% for the 2020–2049 and 2070–2099 periods was projected respectively. The results indicate that projected increases in discharge should not solely be considered as leading to an increase in hydropower potential when prospecting climate change impact on hydropower.

scholarly journals High-Resolution Climate Change Impact Analysis on Medium-Sized River Catchments in Germany: An Ensemble Assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1175-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Ott ◽  
Doris Duethmann ◽  
Joachim Liebert ◽  
Peter Berg ◽  
Hendrik Feldmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Climate Change Signal ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Community Land Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
River Catchments

Abstract The impact of climate change on three small- to medium-sized river catchments (Ammer, Mulde, and Ruhr) in Germany is investigated for the near future (2021–50) following the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario. A 10-member ensemble of hydrological model (HM) simulations, based on two high-resolution regional climate models (RCMs) driven by two global climate models (GCMs), with three realizations of ECHAM5 (E5) and one realization of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis version 3 (CCCma3; C3) is established. All GCM simulations are downscaled by the RCM Community Land Model (CLM), and one realization of E5 is downscaled also with the RCM Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). This concerted 7-km, high-resolution RCM ensemble provides a sound basis for runoff simulations of small catchments and is currently unique for Germany. The hydrology for each catchment is simulated in an overlapping scheme, with two of the three HMs used in the project. The resulting ensemble hence contains for each chain link (GCM–realization–RCM–HM) at least two members and allows the investigation of qualitative and limited quantitative indications of the existence and uncertainty range of the change signal. The ensemble spread in the climate change signal is large and varies with catchment and season, and the results show that most of the uncertainty of the change signal arises from the natural variability in winter and from the RCMs in summer.

scholarly journals Experimental Tropical Cyclone Prediction Using the GFDL 25-km-Resolution Global Atmospheric Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1008-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Gall ◽  
Isaac Ginis ◽  
Shian-Jiann Lin ◽  
Timothy P. Marchok ◽  
Jan-Huey Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Model Coupling ◽  
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Atlantic Basin ◽  
Near Term

Abstract This paper describes a forecasting configuration of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) High-resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM). HiRAM represents an early attempt in unifying, within a global modeling framework, the capabilities of GFDL’s low-resolution climate models for Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) type climate change assessments and high-resolution limited-area models for hurricane predictions. In this study, the potential of HiRAM as a forecasting tool is investigated by applying the model to the near-term and intraseasonal hindcasting of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Atlantic basin from 2006 to 2009. Results demonstrate that HiRAM provides skillful near-term forecasts of TC track and intensity relative to their respective benchmarks from t = 48 h through t = 144 h. At the intraseasonal time scale, a simple HiRAM ensemble provides skillful forecasts of 21-day Atlantic basin TC activity at a 2-day lead time. It should be noted that the methodology used to produce these hindcasts is applicable in a real-time forecasting scenario. While the initial experimental results appear promising, the HiRAM forecasting system requires various improvements in order to be useful in an operational setting. These modifications are currently under development and include a data assimilation system for forecast initialization, increased horizontal resolution to better resolve the vortex structure, 3D ocean model coupling, and wave model coupling. An overview of these ongoing developments is provided, and the specifics of each will be described in subsequent papers.

scholarly journals Ecological niche modelling predicts significant impacts of future climate change on two endemic rodents in eastern Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 18164-18176
Author(s):  
Aditya Srinivasulu ◽  
Alembrhan Assefa ◽  
Chelmala Srinivasulu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Climatic Scenarios ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The impact of climate change on rodents is well studied, however, many of these studies are restricted to the Americas.  Small- to medium-sized rodents, especially murids, are restricted in their home range and microclimatic niche breadth, and are known to be more sensitive to changes in bioclimatic conditions over time.  We analyzed the effect of future climatic scenarios in the near and distant future, using two global climate models (CanESM5 and MIROC-ES2L) for two shared socio-economic pathways (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5), on two eastern Africa endemic small-bodied mice: Stenocephalemys albipes and Mastomys awashensis. Our results indicate that while S. albipes showed increases in area of climatic suitability in the future, M. awashensis is predicted to suffer severe decline in the area of its fundamental niche.    

scholarly journals Spatial Extent of Future Changes in the Hydrologic Cycle Components in Ganga Basin using Ranked CORDEX RCMs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jatin Anand ◽  
Manjula Devak ◽  
Ashwini Kumar Gosain ◽  
Rakesh Khosa ◽  
Chandrika Thulaseedharan Dhanya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Hydrologic Cycle ◽  
Spatial Extent ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The negative impacts of climate change are expected to be felt over wide range of spatial scales, ranging from small basins to large watersheds, which can possibly be detrimental to the services that natural water systems provide to the society. The impact assessment of future climate change on hydrologic response is essential for the decision makers while carrying out management and various adaptation strategies in a changing climate. While, the availability of finer scale projections from regional climate models (RCM) has been a boon to study changing climate conditions. These climate models are subjected to large number of uncertainties, which demands a careful selection of an appropriate climate model, however. In an effort to account for these uncertainties and select suitable climate models, a multi-criteria ranking approach is deployed in this study. Ranking of CORDEX RCMs is done based on its ability to generate hydrologic components of the basin, i.e., runoff simulations using Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, by deploying Entropy and PROMETHEE-2 methods. The spatial extent of changes in the different components of hydrologic cycle is examined over the Ganga river basin, using the top three ranked RCMs, for a period from January 2021 to December 2100. It is observed that for monsoon months (June, July, August and September), future annual mean surface runoff will decrease substantially (−50 % to −10 %), while the flows for post-monsoon months (October, November and December) are projected to increase (10–20 %). While, extremes are seen to be increasing during the non-monsoon months, a substantial decrease in medium events is also highlighted. The increase in wet extremes is majorly supplemented by the increased snowmelt runoff during those months. Snowmelt is projected to increase during the months of November to March, with the month of December witnessing 3-4 times increase in the flow. Base flow and recharge are alarmingly decreasing over the basin. Major loss of recharge is expected to occur in central part of the basin. The present study offers a more reliable regional hydrologic impact assessment with quantifications of future dramatic changes in different hydrological sub-system and its mass-transfer, which will help in quantifying the changes in hydrological components in response to climate change changes in the major basin Ganga, and shall provide the water managers with substantive information, required to develop ameliorative strategies.

Quantifying the impact of climate change on tropical cyclone rainfall using a model hierarchy 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Reed ◽  
Alyssa Stansfield ◽  
Erica Bower
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Hierarchical Modeling ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Surface Warming ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Community Atmosphere Model ◽  
Model Hierarchy ◽  
The Impact

<p>Changes in extreme events, such as the recent devastating tropical cyclones (TC), are a visible way in which climate change can directly impact society and coastal communities. This work presents the results of a model hierarchy within the Community Earth System Model (CESM), that spans idealized radiative convective equilibrium to realistic decadal projections of future climate change configurations, to explore how TC rainfall characteristics change with surface warming. The Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) component of CESM is forced with prescribed sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) and greenhouse gas concentrations for idealized and realistic representations of past, present, and future climates using global and variable-resolution setups with high-resolution horizontal grid spacing equal to 28 km. An analysis framework that allows for the extraction of TC-related rainfall throughout the full storm lifecycle is utilized. This analysis includes the evaluation of conventional (AMIP-style) decadal simulations typical of climate models, short 7-day ensemble hindcasts of recent devastating events, and reduced complexity simulations of idealized states of the climate system. Through this hierarchical modeling approach the impact of climate change on the characteristics (rainfall, structure, intensity, etc.) of TCs can be quantified This work is part of a growing effort in the scientific community to quantify the impact of climate change on recent and future extreme weather events.</p>

scholarly journals High-Resolution Climate Projections for a Densely Populated Mediterranean Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3684
Author(s):  
Mohamed Salem Nashwan ◽  
Shamsuddin Shahid ◽  
Eun-Sung Chung
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Bias Correction ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Far Future

The present study projected future climate change for the densely populated Central North region of Egypt (CNE) for two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) and two futures (near future: 2020–2059, and far future: 2060–2099), estimated by a credible subset of five global climate models (GCMs). Different bias correction models have been applied to correct the bias in the five interpolated GCMs’ outputs onto a high-resolution horizontal grid. The 0.05° CNE datasets of maximum and minimum temperatures (Tmx, and Tmn, respectively) and the 0.1° African Rainfall Climatology (ARC2) datasets represented the historical climate. The evaluation of bias correction methodologies revealed the better performance of linear and variance scaling for correcting the rainfall and temperature GCMs’ outputs, respectively. They were used to transfer the correction factor to the projections. The five statistically bias-corrected climate projections presented the uncertainty range in the future change in the climate of CNE. The rainfall is expected to increase in the near future but drastically decrease in the far future. The Tmx and Tmn are projected to increase in both future periods reaching nearly a maximum of 5.50 and 8.50 °C for Tmx and Tmn, respectively. These findings highlighted the severe consequence of climate change on the socio-economic activities in the CNE aiming for better sustainable development.

Anthropogenic Influences on Tornadic Storms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-57
Author(s):  
Emily Bercos-Hickey ◽  
Christina M. Patricola ◽  
William A. Gallus
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Convective Available Potential Energy ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Climate Model Simulations ◽  
Tornadic Storms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe impact of climate change on severe storms and tornadoes remains uncertain, largely owing to inconsistencies in observational data and limitations of climate models. We performed ensembles of convection-permitting climate model simulations to examine how three tornadic storms would change if similar events were to occur in pre-industrial and future climates. The choice of events includes winter, nocturnal, and spring tornadic storms to provide insight into how the timing and seasonality of storms may affect their response to climate change. Updraft helicity (UH), convective available potential energy (CAPE), storm relative helicity (SRH), and convective inhibition (CIN) were used to determine the favorability for the three tornadic storm events in the different climate states. We found that from the pre-industrial to present, the potential for tornadic storms decreased in the winter event and increased in the nocturnal and spring events. With future climate change, the potential for tornadic storms increased in the winter and nocturnal events in association with increased CAPE, and decreased in the spring event despite greater CAPE.

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